Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2022.22.05.446

Korean Firefighters' Work Experience and Risk Factors for Depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic  

Park, Heyeon (동덕여자대학교 교양대학)
Lee, Jihey (분당서울대학교병원 공공의료본부)
Min, Bumjun (분당서울대학교병원 공공의료본부)
Kim, Jeong-Hyun (분당서울대학교병원 공공의료본부)
Publication Information
The Journal of the Korea Contents Association / v.22, no.5, 2022 , pp. 446-455 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study investigated work experience of firefighters and risk factors for their depression during COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data of 53,557 firefighters who participated in the online mental health status survey. Data included experiences of COVID-19 infection, experience of COVID-19 response work, fear of social stigma, and anxiety and depression symptoms. Results showed that 45.76% of participants had experience of COVID-19 response work. Emergency job group had the highest percentage of COVID-19 related work and the greater intensity of the work and fear of social stigma than those of other job groups. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that co-workers' infection, COVID-19 related work intensity and fear of social stigma were significantly associated to the severity of depression. The findings in this study demonstrated COVID-19 related work experience can link to the development of depression in firefighters. Effort to reduce COVID-19 related work intensity and fear of social stigma could help prevent depression among firefighters.
Keywords
Firefighters; COVID-19; Occupational Stress; Depression; Social Stigma;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 M. Snyder, A. M. Omoto, and A. L. Crain, "Punished for their good deeds: Stigmatization of AIDS volunteers," American Behavioral Scientist, Vol.42, No.7, pp.1175-1192, 1999.   DOI
2 I. S. Schonfeld and R. Bianchi, "Burnout and depression: two entities or one?," Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol.72, No.1, pp.22-37, 2016.   DOI
3 M. Peng, B. Mo, Y. Liu, M. Xu, X. Song, L. Liu, Y. Fang, T. Guo, J. Ye, Z. Yu, Q. Deng, and X. Zhang, "Prevalence, risk factors and clinical correlates of depression in quarantined population during the COVID-19 outbreak," Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol.275, No.1, pp.119-124, 2020.   DOI
4 J. K. Ahn, Y. Kim, and K. H. Choi, "The psychometric properties and clinical utility of the Korean version of GAD-7 and GAD-2," Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol.10, No.127, pp.1-8, 2019.
5 T. Ramaci, M. Barattucci, C. Ledda, and V. Rapisarda, "Social stigma during COVID-19 and its impact on HCWs outcomes," Sustainability, Vol.12, No.9, pp.1-13, 2020.
6 J. M. Cenat, P. G. Noorishad, C. K. Kokou-Kpolou, R. D. Dalexis, S. Hajizadeh, M. Guerrier, L. A. Clormeus, J. Bukaka, J. P. Birangui, K. Adansikou, A. Ndengeyingoma, V. Sezibera, D. Derivois, and C. Rousseau, "Prevalence and correlates of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic and the major role of stigmatization in low- and middle-income countries: A multinational cross-sectional study," Psychiatry research, Vol.297, p.113714, 2021.   DOI
7 K. Kroenke, R. L. Spitzer, and J. B. Williams, "The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure," Journal of General Internal Medicine, Vol.16, No.9, pp.606-613, 2001.   DOI
8 R. L. Spitzer, K. Kroenke, and J. B. Williams, Patient Health Questionnaire Primary Care Study Group, and Patient Health Questionnaire Primary Care Study Group, "Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study," JAMA, Vol.282, No.18, pp.1737-1744, 1999.   DOI
9 R. L. Spitzer, K. Kroenke, J. B. Williams, and B. Lowe, "A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7," Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol.166, No.10, pp.1092-1097, 2006.   DOI
10 C. S. Fullerton, R. J. Ursano, and L. Wang, "Acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression in disaster or rescue workers," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.161, No.8, pp.1370-1376, 2004.   DOI
11 Y. C. Bahk, K. Park, N. Kim, J. Lee, S. Cho, J. Jang, and K. Choi, "Psychological impact of COVID-19 in South Korea: A preliminary study," Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol.39, No.2, pp.355-367, 2020.   DOI
12 L. Moccia, D. Janiri, M. Pepe, L. Dattoli, M. Molinaro, V. D. Martin, D. Chieffo, L. Janiri, A. Fiorillo, G. Sani, and M. D. Nicola, "Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population," Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, Vol.87, pp.75-79, 2020.   DOI
13 W. MacDonald, "The impact of job demands and workload on stress and fatigue," Australian Psychologist, Vol.38, No.2, pp.102-117, 2003.   DOI
14 R. Parker and P. Aggleton, "HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and implications for action," Social Science & Medicine, Vol.57, No.1, pp.13-24, 2003.   DOI
15 A. Sakuma, Y. Takahashi, I. Ueda, H. Sato, M. Katsura, M. Abe, A. Nagao, Y. Suzuki, M. Kakizaki, I. Tsuji, H. Matsuoka, and K. Matsumoto, "Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression prevalence and associated risk factors among local disaster relief and reconstruction workers fourteen months after the Great East Japan Earthquake: a cross-sectional study," BMC Psychiatry, Vol.15, No.58, pp.1-13, 2015.   DOI
16 안제용, 서은란, 임경희, 신재현, 김정범, "한국어판 우울증 선별도구(Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9)의 표준화 연구," 생물치료정신의학, 제19권, 제1호, pp.47-56, 2013.
17 S. Quadros, S. Garg, R. Ranjan, G. Vijayasarathi, and M. A. Mamun, "Fear of COVID 19 infection across different cohorts: a scoping review," Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol.12, No.708430, pp.1-10, 2021.
18 D. F. Santomauro, A. M. M. Herrera, J. Shadid, P. Zheng, C. Ashbaugh, D. M. Pigott, and A. J. Ferrari, "Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic," Lancet, Vol.398, No.10312, pp.6-12, 2021.
19 M. Daly and E. Robinson, "Psychological distress and adaptation to the COVID-19 crisis in the United States," Journal of Psychiatric Research, Vol.136, pp.603-609, 2021.   DOI
20 서종근, Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and GAD-2 in patients with migraine, 경북대학교 대학원, 박사학위논문, 2015.
21 B. R. Patel, B. G. Khanpara, P. I. Mehta, K. D. Patel, and N. P. Marvania, "Evaluation of perceived social stigma and burnout, among health-care workers working in COVID-19 designated hospital of India: A cross-sectional study," Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior, Vol.4, No.4, pp.156-162, 2021.
22 S. Pappa, V. Ntella, T. Giannakas, V. G. Giannakoulis, E. Papoutsi, and P. Katsaounou, "Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Brain Behavior, and Immunity, Vol.88, pp.901-907, 2020.   DOI
23 D. Wagner, M. Heinrichs, and U. Ehlert, "Prevalence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in German professional firefighters," American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.155, No.12, pp.1727-1732, 1998.   DOI
24 J. Thomas, M. Barbato, M. Verlinden, C. Gaspar, M. Moussa, J. Ghorayeb, A. Menon, M. J. Figueiras, T. Arora, and R. P. Bentall, "Psychosocial correlates of depression and anxiety in the United Arab Emirates during the COVID-19 pandemic," Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol.11, No.564172, pp.1-10, 2020.
25 C. Shiu, W. T. Chen, C. C. Hung, E. P. Huang, and T. S. Lee, "COVID-19 stigma associates with burnout among healthcare providers: Evidence from Taiwanese physicians and nurses," Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, In Press, 2021.