• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.220-232
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• 2016

A survey of ectomycorrhizal fungi was performed during 2009-2011 and 2015 in Byeonsanbando National Park. A total of 3,624 individuals were collected, which belonged one division, 1 class, 5 orders, 13 families, 33 genera, 131 species. The majority of the fruiting bodies belonged to orders Agaricales, Russulales, and Boletales, whereas a minority belonged to orders Cantharellales and Thelephorale. In Agaricales, there were 6 families, 9 genera, 49 species, and 1,343 individuals; in Russulales, 1 family, 2 genera, 35 species, and 854 individuals; in Boletales, 4 families, 19 genera, 40 species, and 805 individuals; in Cantharellales, 1 family, 2 genera, 5 species, and 609 individuals; and in Thelephorale, 1 family, 1 genus, 2 species, and 13 individuals. The most frequently observed families were Russulaceae (854 individuals representing 35 species), Boletaceae (652 individuals representing 34 species), and Amanitaceae (754 individuals representing 25 species). The greatest numbers of overall and dominant species and individual fruiting bodies were observed in July. Most species and individuals were observed at altitudes of 1~99 m, and population sizes dropped significantly at altitudes of 300 m and higher. Apparently, the highest diversity of species and individuals occurred at climatic conditions with a mean temperature of $23.0{\sim}25.9^{\circ}C$, maximum temperature of $28.0{\sim}29.9^{\circ}C$, minimum temperature of $21.0{\sim}22.9^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of 77.0~79.9%, and rainfall of 300 mm or more.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the diversity of ectomycorrhizal mushroom by surveying sites from June 2004 to October 2005. The obtained results from investigation were as follows. The total of 5 classes 16 orders 63 families 149 genera and 358 species including saprophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi was investigated. A total of 17 families 36 genera 152 species (1,285ea.) of ectomycorrhizal mushroom was investigated. The mushrooms are classified into 9 families 27 genera and 136 species in Agaricales, 5 families 6 genera and 12 species in Aphyllophorales and 3 families 3 genera and 4 species in Gasteromycetes. Dorminant species were Russulaceae (35 species) followed by Boletaceae (34 species), Amanitaceae(22 species) and Cortinariaceae (21 species). The mushroom occurrence of octomycorrhizal fungi was closely related to climatic conditions such as high air temperature and lots of rainfall from July to September. The environment factors which have a favorable influence of mushroom occurrence were soil pH, available $P_{2}O_{5}$ of soil and rainfall and air temperature of climatic environment.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the diversity and occurrence frequency of ectomycorrhizal fruit bodies by planting sites from June 2000 to October 2001. A total of 3 classes 3 subclasses 8 orders 22 families 41 genera and 72 species (including two varieties) including saprophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi was investigated. The mushrooms are classified into 9 families 21 genera and 48 species in Agaricales, 5 families 11 genera and 13 species in Aphllophorales, 3 families 3 genera and 4 species in Heterobasidiomycetes and 5 families 6 genus and 7 species in Gasteromycetdae. A total of 7 families 11 genera 30 species (2,451 ea.) of ectomycorrhizal mushroom was investigated. The occurrence frequency of mushrooms was 1,225, 179 and 130 times for Laccaria vinaceoavellanea, Amanita longistriata and Laccaria amethystea, respectively. The mushroom occurrence of ectomycorrhizal fungi was closely related to climatic conditions such as high air temperature, relative humidity and lots of rainfall from July to August. Diversity and distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi by plots were very different because of variable local environments and different host plants in experimental plots. Laccaria vinaceoavellanea has showed very low host range of plant specificity because of mushroom occurrence in only Quercus sp. and Amanita longistriata, Russula bella and Inocybe sp. have showed wide host range of plant specificity because of mushroom occurrence in coniferous and broadleaved trees. The environment which has a favorable influence of mushroom occurrence was soil pH, organic matter and T/N ratio of soil enviromental and humidity of climatic environment.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.251-264
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi by surveying sites from June 2010 to October 2011. The obtained results from investigation were as follows. The total of 2 Kingdom 3 Phylum 6 classes 15 orders 34 families 59 genera and 107 species including saprophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi was investigated. A total of 10 families 17 genera 49 species (801 ea.) of ectomycorrhizal mushroom was investigated. The mushrooms are classified into 28 families 51 genera and 99 species in Basidiomycota, 5 families 7 genera and 7 species in Ascomycota and 1 families 1 genera and 1 species in Amoebozoa. Dorminant species were Amanitaceae (14 species) followed by Russulaceae (12 species) and Boletaceae (11 species). The populaion ectomycorrhizal mushroom was highest in sites 1 and 2, and sites 4 and 5 occurrence rarely. The mushroom occurrence of ectomycorrhizal fungi was closely related to climatic conditions such as high air temperature and lots of rainfall from July to August. The environment factors which have a favorable influence of mushroom occurrence were soil pH, organic matter content of soil and air temperature of climatic environment.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.3 s.86
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• pp.306-313
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• 1998

The occurrences of ectomycorrhizal fungi were investigated in a pine-mushroom forest at Hongcheon, Korea. The fairy rings of Tricholoma matsutake were figured by the sporocarp places of T. matsutake for three years $(1995{\sim}1997)$, and the occurrences of other ectomycorrhizal fungi were surveyed with x and y dimensions for two years $(1996{\sim}1997)$. The diameters of fairy rings of T. matsutake ranged from 2m to 10m, which indicated that the age of the fairy rings as $10{\sim}50$ years when we consider that the growth of the fairy ring used to show about 10 cm per year. Russula bella, R. sororia, R. delica and Cantharellus minor were the major species occurred on the site during the survey period, and each species occupied 16.0%, 12.8%, 12.4% and 7.0% of total mushroom occurrence, respectively. From the results, we could conclude that the surveyed stand was a productivity-declining forest from the view point of pine-mushroom production. In addition, Amanita pantherina, Suillus bovinus, Ramaria flaccida and Laccaria amethystea were considered to be the indicator species for declining of pine-mushroom productivity since some fruiting bodies of the species appeared around the fairy ring of T. matsutake.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.34-45
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the diversity and frequency of ectomycorrhizal fungi by cutting levels in Quercus acuta and Pinus densiflora stands from June to October, 2001. The obtained results from investigation were as follows, 1. The total of fungi found during the surveyed periods were 50 species, 30 genus, 15 families. The fungi belonged to Agaricales(37 species, 18 genus, 7 families), Aphllophorales(7 species, 6 genus, 3 families), Auriculariales(1 species, 1 genus, 1 families) and Gasteromycetes(5 species, 5 genus, 4 families), Basidiomycota. 2. The total number of putative ectomycorrhizal fruiting bodies were 137 individuals, 22 species, 10 genus, 5 families, 79 individuals, 10 species, 6 genus, 3 families at strip-cutting area of Pinus densiflora stand, 24 individuals, 9 species, 5 genus, 4 families at strip-cutting area of Quercus acuta stand and 25 individuals, 10 species, 4 genus, 3 families at spacing cutting area of Quercus acuta stand. 3. Tylropilus neofelleus had high host specificity associated with Chamaecyparis obtusa, while Amanita pseudoporphyria had relatively wide host ranges compared to other ectomycorrhizal fungi. 4. The results analyzed by Correlation coefficients showed that relative humidity and precipitation were major enviromental factors to affect the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fruiting bodies.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.5 s.92
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• pp.345-348
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• 1999

Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, is the most expensive mushroom at the region of northeastern Asia. Since the mushroom is edible, it is very serious to have a parasitic fungus on the surface of fruit-body. We discovered a necrotrophic mycoparasite of T. matsutake. We tried to illustrate the feature of mycoparasite on T. matsutake in detail, and it was identified as Syzygites megalocarpus.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2023

To investigate the effect of thinning intensity on environmental factors and ectomycorrhizal mushroom fruiting in forest ecosystems, we studied canopy closure, throughfall, soil temperature, soil moisture, light response of understory vegetation, and ectomycorrhizal mushroom fruiting in a 10-year-old pine forest after 34%, 45%, and 60% thinning. Canopy closure was significantly higher in the 34% treatment and control plots, ranging from 80-85% in April. However, in November, all thinning treatment plots showed a decrease of approximately 5-10% compared with the control plot. The 60% treatment plot had over 200 mm of additional throughfall compared with the control plot, and monthly throughfall was significantly higher by more than 100 mm in October. The soil temperature in each treatment plot increased significantly by up to 1℃ or more compared with the control plot as the thinning rate increased. The soil moisture increased by more than 5% in the thinning treatment plots during rainfall, particularly in the 34% treatment plot, where the rate of moisture decrease was slower. The photosynthetic rate of major tree species (excluding Pinus densiflora)was highest in Quercus mongolica, with a rate of 7 µmolCO₂·m^-2·s^-1. At a lightintensity of 800 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, Q. mongolica showed the highest photosynthetic level of 6 ± 0.3 μmolCO₂·m^-2·s^-1 in the 45% treatment. The photosynthetic rate of Fraxinus sieboldiana and Styrax japonicus increased as the thinning intensity increased. The Shannon-Wiener index of mycorrhizal mushrooms did not significantly differ among treatments, but the fresh weight of mushrooms was approximately 360-840 g higher in the 34% and 45% treatments than in the control. Additionally, the fresh weight of fungi in the 60% treatment was 860 g less than that in the control. There were more individuals of Amanita citrina in the control than in the thinning treatment, while Suillus bovinus numbers increased by more than 10 times in the 34% thinning treatment compared with the control.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.111-113
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• 2009

Ramaria botrytis is one of the commercially important ectomycorrhizal mushrooms in Korea and the mushroom is only picked in natural forest. This study was conducted to make ectomycorrhizal synthesis of the fungus using Pinus densiflora seedling. Ectomycorrhizal types of the fungus were simple and dichotomous. Diameter of ectomycorrhizal root was $325-380{\mu}m$ and fungal mantle was subhyaline with $20-30{\mu}m$ in diameter. On the other hand, optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$ and the fungus grew 5 cm on potato dextrose agar medium in two months.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.271-280
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• 2018

The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Tricholoma is one of mushroom groups that cannot be cultivated artificially. To use this mushroom as applicable resource for food production, it is necessary to obtain information about their mycelial growth properties in various environmental conditions. This study investigated the mycelial growth of four domestic isolates of Tricholoma species (T. bakamatsutake, T. fulvocastaneum, T. matsutake, T. terreum) at different physical and chemical conditions. The optimal physical conditions for their mycelia growth were found to be a temperature range of $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and a pH range of 4.0~7.0 in dark condition. The growth of T. matsutake was retarded at high temperature ($30^{\circ}C$). Tests to determine the chemical factors that affected mycelial growth showed that the four Tricholoma spp. grew 1% saline. T. matsutake grew in up to 2% saline. In the presence of various heavy metals (50 ppm) and pesticides (suppliers' recommended concentration), mycelial growth was inhibited the most by cadmium and emamectin benzoate, respectively. However, all the four Tricholoma spp. grew with $Cu^+$. The growth of T. matsutake was not inhibited by abamectin, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid. Extracellular enzyme activities of amylase and ${\beta}$-glucosidase were detected only in T. bakamatsutake and T. fulvocastaneum. The results of the present study allowed us to determine suitable or harmful environmental conditions for the mycelial cultivation of the Tricholoma spp.