• 발명특허
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• v.14 no.4 s.158
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• pp.78-82
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• 1989

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.140
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• pp.72-75
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• 2015

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.168-191
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• 2021

This article examines the shape, iconography, and creation date of the Four Buddhist Heavenly Kings (Sacheonwang 四天王) enshrined in the Heavenly Kings' Gate (Cheonwangmun 天王門) of Hoeamsa in Yangju, Gyeonggi Province during the early Joseon Dynasty. First, small fragments of clay decoration excavated from a fourth-platform gate site of the Hoeamsa Temple Site in Yangju Gyeonggi Province were analyzed and compared to other Four Heavenly Kings enshrined in the (Cheonwangmun gates) during the Joseon Dynasty. In addition, the size and shape of the gate were compared to other Cheonwangmun gates constructed during the Joseon Dynasty. Results revealed that the excavated fragments were part of the armor of Sacheonwang, and the clay-standing statues enshrined in the fourth-platform gate of Hoeamsa Temple would be proportional in size to those of Beopjusa Temple in Boeum, South Chungcheong Province. The flame-type pieces, which decorated the Heavenly King's crown in the Joseon Dynasty, and the rectangular-type pieces were not found in artifacts from the Goryeo Dynasty. Therefore, the Sacheonwang sculptures of the Hoeamsa Temple were likely made in the late 15th century in the early Joseon Dynasty. A detailed iconography of the Sacheonwang of Hoeamsa is presumedly based on the Buddhist paintings and illustrations of Buddhist scriptures (Gyeongbyeonsangdo 經變相圖)from the late Goryeo and early Joseon. During the late Goryeo Dynasty and early Joseon Dynasty, Traditional iconography from Goryeo and new iconography from Ming coexisted. However, in the late 15th century, the Sacheonwang statues of the early Joseon Dynasty had many different elements from those of the Goryeo Dynasty and were similar to those enshrined in Cheonwangmun Gate during the Joseon Dynasty. The Four Heavenly Kings of Hoeamsa Temple, believed to have been produced in the late 15th century, has historical significance in the following points. They were the first Joseon Sacheonwang statues example enshrined in the Cheonwangmun gate. In addition, they were established as a new tradition that influenced the iconography of the Four Heavenly Kings during the Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-43
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• 2007

Distribution area, actual vegetation map, standing crop biomass, relative growth, and primary productivity of Salix spp.were investigated to provide the basic data necessary for conservation and ecotechnological application of Salix community in the Upo wetland, Changryeong County, Gyeongsangnamdo Province, Korea from April 2005 to April 2006. 1. Among seven Salix species, the dominant species was S. nipponica and S. glandulosa was subdominant. There were six kinds of Salix communities such as S. nipponica, S. glandulosa, S. koreensis, S. nipponica-S. glandulosa, S. glandulosa-S. nipponica, and S. nipponica-S. koreensis. 2. Distribution area of S. nipponica community was largest as 28.46 ha among Salix communities and those of S. nipponica-S. glandulosa community, S. glandulosa-S. nipponica community, S. nipponica-S. koreensis community, S. glandulosa community, and S. koreensis community were 6.12 ha, 6.12 ha, 2.92 ha, 1.86 ha, and 0.81 ha, respectively. 3. The tree age, tree height, and DBH of S. nipponica were 5~13year, 4.1~7.2 m, and 3.0~14.0 cm and those of S. glandulosa were 2~36year, 3.5~10.1 m, and 3.2~26.0 cm, respectively. 4. The standing crop of S. nipponica was 408 ton and that of S. glandulosa was 336 ton in the study area. 5. The productivity of S. nipponica was $235g\;m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ and the annual production was 86.4 ton, and those of S. glandulosa were $1,006g\;m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ and 80.3 ton in the study area.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.37
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• pp.47-73
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• 2018

This thesis aims to find out the purpose of recording . I tried to understand the reason that the compiler of included this song in the record of King Yuri. The result of tracking the intention of the compiler in this thesis is as follows. I think that was chosen as a symbol of King Yuri's character, especially connected with his inner side. By introducing a hobby that contained the inner side of King Yuri, the compiler implied that his failures and mistakes in subsequent governments stem from human limitations that did not adequately refine his qualities. I think that the compiler who showed the character of King Yuri through only one short song also showed the highest level of enjoying poetry. The enjoyment of literature is a pleasure in understanding the life of someone through literature and bring it back into their lives. In this respect, by pursuing the intend of the compiler, we will be close to the value of the song, .

• Trans-
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• v.3
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• pp.137-162
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• 2017

This is a study about the arts as political tools by absolute royal authority in time of Louis X IV through the movie Le Roi danse(2000). The King, Louis X IV was an enthusiast of Arts. During the during the reign of Louis X IV, French Baroque art was blossomed exuberantly. the movie shows how the King uses the arts as a tool of his absolute authority. there are artists, Jean Baptiste Lully and Moliere, and while the movies shows how these artists could get the King's confidence and the king manipulate the arts for strengthen his authority as an absolute royalty.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1482-1487
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• 2007

Four taxa of the genus Phyllostachys were analysed with PCR-based molecular inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) determine markers to determine their phylogenetic relationships. Many species of this genus are regarded as economical and ecologically important in the world. With the nine primers screened, ISSR assay generated a total of 64 reproducible bands. Analysis of ISSR from individual plants of genus Phyllostachys resulted in 43 polymorphic bands with 70.49%. When species were grouped by four taxa, within group diversity was 0.092 (Hs), while among group diversify was 0.499 (Gst) on a per locus basis. The estimated gene flow (Nm) between the pairs of species was 0.559. Hence, we can expect weak or low gene flow among species. Total mean genetic diversity ($H_T$) for four taxa was 0.291. The ISSR data allowed us to resolve well-supported clades in the genus Phyllostachys. The four taxa of the genus Phyllostachys analyzed were distinctly related to a monophyletic.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 2008

Alien apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata, Pomacea insularus) used in environmentally-friendly agriculture are different from indigenous snails found in Korea. Due to high herbicidal effects and cost-effectiveness, the number of farmers using the snails has been growing every year since 2000. Moreover, in 2008, because of the outbreaks of avian influenza throughout the country from March to May, 2008, central and local governments recommended the use of alien apple snails in agriculture as an alternative to the ducks-oriented environmentally-friendly agriculture. Therefore, it is expected that the use of alien apple snails in agriculture should be expanded in a near future. Since alien apple snails lay eggs with 95.8% of eclosion rate, they are considered to be potential pests unlike indigenous snails. In addition, Japan, Taiwan and most of the southeast Asian countries had already experienced severe ecological and agricultural damage by the alien apple snails. Subsequently, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) designated P. canaliculata as one of "the 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species". It seems highly likely that the alien apple snails in Korea pose a potential threat to conservation of ecosystem and biodiversity since the snails were either found or invaded into the natural environments in some regions of Gangwon-Do and southern parts of Korean Peninsula. However, just recently, agricultural authorities and farmers using alien apple snails in agriculture opposed a proposition of designating the alien apple snails as an ecosystem-disturbing animal described by the Wildlife Protection Act. This is because there has been no concrete evidence of the ecological risk imposed by the alien snails up to now in Korea. Subsequently, in this paper, we analysed the ecological and agricultural risks imposed by the alien snails from the studies done in domestic and abroad. In addition, we proposed an urgent need and reasoning for ecological risk management of the alien snails at the national level as well as using the snails in agriculture.

• The Science & Technology
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• no.10 s.413
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• pp.92-95
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• 2003

• The Korea Beekeeping Bulletin
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• s.280
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• pp.4-7
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• 2004