• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2000

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.39 no.4 s.179
• /
• pp.485-494
• /
• 2006

This paper summarizes the history of geothermal research in Korea since 1920s and also describes the present status of research on heat flow, origin of thermal waters and geothermal exploitation and utilization. Geothermal research in Korea has been mainly related with hot spring investigation until 1970s. 1t was not until 1980s before heat flow study became continuous by research institute and academia and first nation-scale geothermal gradient map and heat flow map were published in 1996. Also in 1990s, geochemical isotope analysis of Korean hot spring waters and measurements of heat production rate of some granite bodies were made. Attempts to develop and utilize the deep geothermal water has been tried from early 1990s but field scale exploitations for geothermal water was activated in 2000s. Considering recent increase of demands on both deep and shallow geothermal energy utilization, outlook on future goethermal research and development is encouraging.

• Water for future
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 1994

This study was conducted to analyse groundwater flow in the Bugok hot spring area using the MODFLOW model which can simulate three dimensional groundwater flow both in confined and unconfined aquifers. Based on this study the following conclusions were obtained: 1) The hydraulic conductivity and the specific storage of the aquifer were 0.0135 m/day and 0.020, respectively, and the model-predicted groundwater elevation agreed well with the observed one. 2) Simulation results showed that the groundwater level declines at the end of the one-year simulation period when the annual recharge rate is small and the annual pumping rate high, which is the worst combination. Except that combination, the groundwater level does not decline at the end of one-year simulation period indication the pumping rates used were allowable. 3) The safe yield depends upon the magnitudes of the recharge and pumping rates. The pumping rate should not produce excess decline of groundwater level around April when the water level is the lowest in a year.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.307-307
• /
• 2016

도시화 및 산업화에 따른 각종 개발 사업으로 불투수층의 증가로 인하여 강우에 의한 지표면 침투량의 감소로 도시지역 내 저지대 침수가 증가하여 막대한 인명 및 재산피해가 발생하고 있다. 특히 도심지역내 돌발성 집중홍우에 대한 방재성능에 대한 선제적 대비가 필요하다. 따라서 온천천 유역에 빈도에 따른 침수위험지역 산정을 통한 홍수 예 경보체계를 구축하여 부산광역시 도시 재해관리방안을 마련하고자 한다. 지난 2014년 08월 25일 부산시에 집중호우에 의하여 발생한 홍수량 산정 및 빈도별 침수위험 지역 선정을 위해 온천천 유역에 SWMM 모형을 이용하여 수문분석을 실시하였다. 1:1,000의 하수도대장을 이용하여 관망을 구성하였고, 이를 바탕으로 유출량 산정 지점을 선정하였다. 그리고 1:5,000의 지형도를 이용하여 SWMM 모형으로 유역 내 지형과 각 지역의 인위적인 배수계통에 따라 대상유역을 총 114개의 소유역으로 분할하였다. SWMM 모형의 매개변수 산정을 위하여 2개의 검정강우사상과 1개의 검증강우사상으로 총 3개의 강우사상을 활용하였고, 산정된 매개변수를 이용하여 2014년 8월 25일 발생강우로 인한 수문 분석을 수행하였으며, 유출량 산정을 위하여 온천천 기본계획상의 홍수량 산정지점과 동일한 지점의 유량을 추출하여 빈도별 홍수량과 비교하였다. 그 결과 발생한 유출량의 규모는 모든 지점에서 100년 빈도를 상회하였으며, 중 하류부 구간은 200년 빈도를 상회하는 것으로 나타났으나, 하천의 월류는 발생하지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 관거 통수능 분석결과 2014년 08월 25일 발생한 호우로 인하여 장전 부곡동 일원 및 거제 안락동 일원에서 유출량이 관거통수능을 초과하는 것으로 나타났으며, 향후 대규모 호우 발생 시 이들 지역에 대한 유입지선에서의 침수 발생 등의 위험이 존재하는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 빈도별 관거통수능 분석결과 10년 빈도에서는 총 19개 지점, 50년 빈도는 총 43개 지점, 100년 빈도는 총 49개 지점, 200년 빈도에서는 총 51개 지점에서 간선관거의 통수능이 부족하여 침수가 예상되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.165-182
• /
• 1998

When tour site is being used by people for the destination of tour, it has a life, or it will lose its life as a tour site. Therefore this paper aims to, based on Butler's theory, has chosen 46 hot spring spots in Korea which are legally assigned and presently running, and tried to analyze the life cycles, the stage of dispositional characteristics, and visitors' favoritism, and to try to find activating method which is not decline. Out of 46 spots, 29 Places were found on the stage of development, which took high percentage, 4 were on the growing stage, 5 were on the mature stage, 5 were on the stagnation or decline stage and the rest 3 were on the stage of rejuvenation. Geographically, Korean hot springs were located on the plain or mountainous areas mostly, and less of them were on hills and coast lines. In water quality, most of places had simple water while the places with salt and sulfur contained water were marked low rate. The temperatures of hot spring water were variable between $25^{\circ}C{\sim}78^{\circ}C$, but the older hot springs were hotter than new ones. After observing the relationship between disposition characteristics and life cycles, the geographical locations and the matter of approach were found as majour influential factors to the life cycles of them. The type of mountainous areas were observed slow progress in life cycle, due to traffic problem, until the road expansion or pavement work were done. Meanwhile, the suburban ones adjacent to big cities were favored by hot spring tourists due to their easy approach and easy traffic. The new born hot springs with such conditions have shown the fast growth. As studied above, since the hot springs were supposed to be for recuperation and vacational, a hot spring with better recreational and accommodational facilities was more favored by tourists than the one with pretty interior decorations. It was because the tour purpose of people has been switched from single purpose to multi one. Thus, the suggestion for activating a declining hot spring and bringing people in them is to develop new and attractive tour resources, expanding the related area, maintaining good quality of water, developing a complex site for long-term tour, developed traffic routs, hot spring festivals, utilizing adjacent tour resources, preparing public water supply system, and assigning as special tour zone.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2009

The recently research shows that the many tourists of Suanbo hot spring waters haven't satisfied the service. These reasons due to that they did not properly consider the satisfaction of tourists' services and index. However, satisfaction level of hot spring waters tourists is interacted complicatedly with various factors, the interactions are not easily identified. A structural equations model is adopted to capture the complex relationships among variables. In the model estimation, we used 140 survey data of Suanbo hot spring waters tourists. The SEM with several factors mentioned above as exogenous variables shows that they have complex and strong relationships. As results of a SEM, it was shown that variables influencing in pleasance are surrounding scenery, clean condition inside hot springs and congestion for use in satisfaction level most. Secondly, in case of kindness, attitudes of employees influence in satisfaction level most, followed by attitudes of residents and kindness of employees. Thirdly, in case of information, it was shown guidance on internal roads influencing in satisfaction level most, followed by guidance on owner drivers, guidance on surrounding tourist attractions and guidance on public transportation. Finally, a variable influencing in accessibility most is satisfaction level of public transportation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.312-324
• /
• 2009

Due to the high level of economic development, the standard of living has improved vastly. As a result, the moderns now want to be healthy more than ever. For that reason, tourism relating health care increased in number and at those tourist sites, people have tried to allure more visitors by services, resources and facilities all accommodating to better health. On a claim that promoting tourist attractions using health care assists regional development in this study, I seek for ways to utilize regional resources and facilities to promote tourism.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.173-189
• /
• 1997

A study on the geological structure and geothermal gradient distribution was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of developing a new geothermal field in the Yusong area. It is suggested that geothermal water in the Yusong area is closely related with faults, dykes, and their dipping characteristics with the study of geothermal gradient distribution. A fault of EW direction locates in northern boundary of the study area and another fault of N40{\citc}W$ crosses the EW fault at the western part of the study area. Locations of faults are recognized quite well by lineaments, geophysical exploration and geothermal gradient distribution characteristics. Three sets of dyke are found in the study area. According to the result of the geothermal gradient distribution study, the location of geothermal anomaly belt and dykes coincide each other, and the area has the temperature gradient of larger than 3$^{\circ}C$ between the depths of 0.5m and 1.0m below ground surface. The thermal anomaly belt those temperature gradient is larger than 2.5$^{\circ}C$ between the depths of 0.5m and 1.Om below ground surface is expected in the direction of N80{\citc}W$ in the study area. The dirping of dyke is almost vertical according to the linear distribution of dykes on surface and the results of geophysical survey. From the distribution of geothermal anomaly belt and the locations of dyke, three locations for the development of hot spring water could be recommended and the depth that ensure over 4$0^{\circ}C$ geotheraral water is estimated as 170~200m below the ground surface.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2011

Groundwater in small islands is used as main water resource but the overuse of groundwater may cause seawater intrusion and temperature decrease in geothermal wells. This study aimed to characterize the hydrogeology of Maeum-ri area in Seokmo Island of Ganghwagun using long-term monitoring at groundwater wells and geothermal wells. In the monitoring period seasonal water level change, consistent drop or increase of water levels are not detected. The groundwater temperature about 10m below ground surface shows year cycle variation having two to five months difference with ambient temperature cycle. The storativity was calculated by tidal method. The storativity estimated by adapting tidal efficiency factor showed some larger values than that by using tidal time lag. The result suggested that the tidal method assuming several assumptions on aquifer condition may produce broad ranges but the calculated ranges at this application are reasonable. The similar shape of groundwater level change and tidal effects was observed at several wells clustered east-south-east direction which may implicate the distribution of vertical fracture system strongly related with groundwater flow channels. The applied methodology and study results will bc valuable to evaluate optimal pumping rate for the preservation of groundwater resources, and to manage geothermal development.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.529-552
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the matter as to how the meaning of the physical therapeutic landscape by water, which is associated with physical, cultural, spatial, and economical aspects, appears in the space centering on women and is to look into the feminine factors in term of a rest area, consideration, and imagery for women. From a perspective of a rest area for women, the meaning of a physical aspect is remarkable and is materialized in thermal waters and bathing, atmosphere, subsidiary facilities and safe nightlife. According to these phenomena, female visitors are able to feel freedom, power, which can return themselves to the best condition by thermal waters, therapeutic equipments provided in a watering place continuously, safe protection and exchange with strangers with an open mind. And the cultural aspect of the therapeutic landscape by water is discovered in consideration for women. It is the fact that joins the Japanese culture based on consideration towards others to the traditional culture of hot springs by itself. For example, women can feel various pleasure, experience the protection or the support by someone and pursuit not only physical beauty but also mental or spiritual one through welcome bus, service of Okami san and Nakai san, decorations, funny installments and secure of private space. Lastly, the imagery of women can be identified in cultural, spatial, and economical aspects extensively somewhat and is embodied by advertising mediums, signs of hot springs, shrines, objets and products variously. It is made into healthiness, relaxation, comfort, familiarity and image that are realized to love or are connected to a happy marriage life. To sum up the results, the healing or therapeutic elements for women appearing in hot springs are gathered to some abstraction such as freedom, safe, effect beyond the body, pleasure, durability of healing or therapy, beauty and hope; furthermore, if these abstraction are combined each other closely, the effect of healing or therapy, which transforms anxiety into a stable condition, can be exposed externally.