• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2009

Considerable attention has been given to developing methodologies to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide from industry to meet strengthened environmental regulations. In this article, recent research trends on dry reforming of methane as an alternative method to reduce $CO_2$ emission from large scale industrial processes are addressed. To efficiently provide the energy needed in this strong endothermic reaction without additional $CO_2$ emission, it seems to be desirable to adopt autothermal reaction mode. The produced synthesis gas could be used as a reducing gas, or a feedstock for synthesis of chemicals and fuels.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

The International Maritime Organization(IMO) has adopted and implemented compulsory regulation for reducing greenhouse gas emission that cause global warming. However, with global warming underway, the IMO plans to enforce voluntary carbon dioxide emissions reduction based on the Ship Energy Efficient Management Plan and the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator(EEOI) in the near future. Large container ships sail at low speeds in order to save fuel and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, bulbous bows designed for high-speed ships decrease fuel efficiency by acting as resistance when reduced speeds are adopted by large container ships. In order to adopt low-speed operations and increase fuel savings, the bulbous bow of a large container ship was modified into the proper shape and size. Fuel consumption was compared for checking the result of EEOI before and after modifying the bulbous bow adopted on low speed operation of large high-speed ships. The results confirmed much larger carbon dioxide emissions reduction than expected. If EEOI would be implemented as compulsory regulation for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, bulbous bow modification can be considered as one of the fuel saving methods for the high-speed ships.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.261.1-261.1
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• 2014

지구상에 존재하는 모든 생물에 의해 배출되는 이산화탄소는 온실가스로써 산업혁명 이후 급격한 농도 증가로 인해 지구 온난화 등의 다양한 환경문제를 초래하고 있다. 지구 온난화의 가시화로 인한 각종 기후 협약 및 탄소배출권 등에 규제로 온실가스 감축의무부과가 확실해져 탈 석유기반 사회로 전환을 위한 이산화탄소를 처리하는 다양한 연구가 각국에서 활발히 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서 마이크로웨이브 플라즈마 토치를 이산화탄소 분해에 이용하게 되었고 그 목적은 이산화탄소가스를 마이크로웨이브로 가열하여 순수한 이산화탄소 플라즈마 토치를 발생함으로서 지구 온난화의 주범인 이산화탄소를 생산적으로 이용하기 위한 것으로 전자파를 발진하는 마그네트론으로는 3kW, 2.45GHz의 주파수를 사용한다. 마이크로웨이브 플라즈마 토치를 이용한 이산화탄소의 분해 시 생성되는 물질을 확인하기 위하여 이산화탄소의 열역학적 평형을 계산하였으며 또한 이산화탄소의 분해 반응의 준 평형상태에서의 속도상수를 이용하여 각 분해반응생성물들의 밀도비율을 계산하였고, 이를 일반화시켜 도시하였다. 위 과정을 통해 고온의 이산화탄소 토치는 탄화수소 연료를 1기압에서 개질할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 예를 들어 메탄개질은 $CO_2+CH_4{\rightarrow}2CO+2H_2$의 반응식이 된다. 이때 엔탈피와 엔트로피 변화는 각 각 ${\Delta}H=247kJ/mole$과 ${\Delta}S=257J/mole/deg.$이며 이 반응에 대한 gibbs 자유에너지는 $G={\Delta}H-T{\Delta}S$로서 개질 자발반응이 일어나는 온도는 $T={\Delta}H/{\Delta}S=961K$가 된다. 그리고 탄화수소 개질에 참여하는 산소와 CO 라디칼의 밀도가 대단히 높다. 따라서 메탄개질은 이산화탄소 토치를 통하여 1기압에서 쉽게 이루어진다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2017

Nowadays, considering global warming and enhanced prohibition to discharge pollutants at sea, all of existing operation-ships must lead to the reduction of fuel consumption. International standards of International Maritime Organization and EU rules governing harbor pollutants are being strengthened. Therefore, ship-owners and operators are seeking ways to reduce $CO_2$, SOx, and NOx emissions. Although world trade continues to expand, total fuel usage for sea transport tends to diminish. However, ICS(International Chamber of Shipping) has set a goal of reducing $CO_2$ emissions from shipping by 50% until 2050. In addition, with respect to the Paris Climate Change Accord in 2015, IMO proposes to set up a reduction target of GHG emission from existing operation-ships. For setting up a reduction target of GHG from international maritime transport, "A data collection system for fuel consumption" will be introduced in the near future. In order to effectively reduce the use of fuel in a ship in accordance with the trend of compulsory fuel saving from operation ships, this paper suggested adoption of an Incentive-Penalty scheme based on Emission-Trading-Scheme, Carbon Tax, and basic calculation formula after verifying the EEOI level for a year.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1067-1073
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• 2021

Regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ships are gradually being strengthened. EEXI (Energy Efficiency Existing Index) has been introduced in existing ships, and various studies are aimed at achieving the greenhouse gas emission reduction target are currently underway. In this study, we proposed a method to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through reducing fuel oil consumption by applying a solar power generation system to a pure and truck carrier among existing ships engaged in international voyages. The proposed photovoltaic power generation system consists of a photovoltaic module, an energy storage system, and a power conversion device. To confirm applicability, the system was modeled through a power electronics program, and a simulation was performed. In addition, economic analysis was conducted to check the feasibility of application to real ships, and it was confirmed that significant results were derived in the economical aspect after about 11 years had elapsed.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.115-131
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• 2011

Out of all the possible actions that can be taken to respond to greenhouse gas reduction, including development of greenhouse gas reduction technology, infrastructure, actions to improve energy saving and efficiency, and offset with carbon emission reductions (CERs), this study shall focus on the investment on CERs. This study will take a look at risks involved with investing in CERs such as UN registration refusal risk and CERs price fluctuation, and will design risk management model which shall be verified. The goal of this paper is to provide optimized CERs investment strategies for different types of investors, such as general trading companies seeking for investment opportunities and financial companies with plans for green products development and investment by preparation for carbon market. It is expected that the global competitiveness of domestic financial companies shall be improved by taking actions on carbon market instead of previous passive response to climate change and that Korea, the number two Carbon Emissions supplier and number one derivatives market in terms of volume, shall be able to lead the worldwide carbon market.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2020

Harmful aquatic organisms introduced by ship movement cause marine ecosystem disturbances and are in the form of ballastwater and biofouling. Harmful marine life from ballastwater has been considerably reduced because mandatory treatment on all vessels is required to install onboard vessels. However, there remains risk of migration because biofouling is recommended to countries for management through the IMO guidelines. In particular, biofouling management has recently attracted attention for achieving IMO GHG reduction targets because it contributes to energy efficiency, as well as there are reasons for marine ecosystem protection. In recent years, increasing international consensus on the need for biofouling management is likely to lead to enforcement regulations. Thus, this study suggests the management method of hull attachment organisms in Korea, focusing on the cases of foreign countries that have regulated hull attachment organisms.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2015

The CBM(Coalbed Methane) development technology being developed in mid 1980s is the technology to produce the methane gas absorbed in the coal bed. CBM is easy to be developed and its coal deposit is abundant. Therefore, the CBM industry has a large potential as an energy source as well as to deal with the global regulations for reducing greenhouse gas emission. In order to produce coal, the CBM should first be developed as a preliminary action for mine security. So CBM is advantageous in reducing the global greenhouse gas as well as its advantage not being influenced by the changes in gas market. The ECBM (Enhanced Coalbed Methane) is a new technique producing the methane gas which is substituted and disorbed from coal by injecting $CO_2$ or $N_2$ gas into a coal bed. Especially, $CO_2$-ECMB is a low-carbon, green-growth technology, so can expect to the effect of green gas reduction as well as the improved productivity of methane gas. CBM technology is being developed in about 40 nations including Canada, Australia, China, India, Indonesia and Viet Nam, and the coal output using this technology is continually being increased. The CBM is expected to contribute in changing the energy source paradigm from current coal & petroleum energy to unconventional gas.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.230-238
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• 2015

The main purpose of this paper is to suggest opportunities for reducing $CO_2$ emission in energy conversion of a vehicle, focused on auxiliary energy improvement in the automotive field. As part of worldwide efforts to curb global warming and to protect the domestic industry as trade barriers, many countries have set goals to regulate greenhouse gas emissions. As an example, new $CO_2$ emission regulation in EU was expected to go into effect strictly in 2020. Therefore, global car-makers need to establish strategic responsiveness of the regulations. This paper shows $CO_2$ economic value by using the correct interpretation of the relevant laws and regulations. The $CO_2$ value analyzed using quantitative figures leads to the possibility of auxiliary(accessories, HVAC, electric apparatus etc.) technology for improving fuel economy. As a result, this study generalizes the meaning of electric power saving for each driving mode by auxiliary energy improvement.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.129-143
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• 2015

Increasing concerns on climate change and energy security accelerated policies to reduce green-house gas emission, especially from the transportation sector. Electric vehicle (EV) has been on the spotlight to deal with such environmental issue and V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) technology began to draw attentions as an alternative to reduce ownership costs while contributing to an efficient and decentralized power grid. This study conducts a scenario analysis on total cost of ownership of EV under V2G scheme and compare with non-V2G EV and Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicle. As result, V2G service is expected to provide an annual average profit of $210 to EV users willing to reverse flow its residual power in the battery. The profit from V2G service leaves a margin of $4,530 over operational lifetime, compared with $2,420 cost of charge for non-V2G EV. In summary, total cost of ownership of V2G-capable EV was 6.2% less than non-V2G EV and 10.2% higher than ICE vehicle. The results confirm a comparative economic advantage of operating EV under V2G scheme. Increased number of EVs with V2G service has shown to provide positive effects to power industry for valley filling in load distribution, thus, favorably increasing the overall economic feasibility.