• Information Systems Review
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.47-65
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• 2023

In this paper, we investigate how the online voting system can be a trust-based system from a technical perspective. Under four principles of voting, we finely evaluate the existing belief that offline voting is safer and more reliable than online voting based on procedural processes, technical principles. Many studies have suggested the ideas for implementing online voting system, but they have not attempted to strictly examine the technologies of online voting system from the perspective of voting requirements, and usually verification has been insufficient in terms of practical acceptance. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how the technologies are utilized to meet the demanding requirements of voting based on the technologies proven in the field. In addition to general data encryption, online voting requires more technologies for preventing data manipulation and verifying voting results. Moreover, high degree of confidentiality is required because voting data should not be exposed not only to outsiders but also to managers or the system itself. To this end, the security techniques such as Blind Signature, Bit Delegation and Key Division are used. In the case of blockchain-based voting, Mixnet and Zero-Knowledge Proof are required to ensure anonymity. In this study, the current status of the online voting system is analyzed based on the field system that actually serves. This study will enhance our understanding on online voting security technologies and contribute to build a more trust-based voting mechanism.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.563-570
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• 2018

Existing online voting is not being used for public elections due to uncertainty about security threats, and offline voting costs a lot of money. As an alternative, blockchain is emerging. Applying blockchain technology to online voting will ensure transparency and confidentiality, because voter information and aggregate information are distributed and managed. Since a blockchain distributes the voting information, it will be more secure than existing central server - based online voting systems. If blockchain technology is applied to public elections, and the transparency and confidentiality of the voting information is guaranteed, the cost of voting will be greatly reduced. This paper tries to apply to an online voting system the Ethereum platform from among the blockchain technologies. Ethereum is a highly scalable blockchain technology that provides a smart contract based on the Solidity language to develop an online voting contract and to distribute the contract to each voter. Each voter votes on the contract that has been distributed, and the votes are distributed to other voters. The experiment verifies the consistency of the stored voting information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.547-550
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• 2007

현재 초중등 학교에서는 오프라인 방식과 온라인 방식으로 투표를 실시하고 있다. 오프라인 투표는 수업 결손이 많아지고 담당자의 업무 부담이 가중되는 문제점이 있다. 상용화된 전자투표시스템은 학생들의 개인 정보가 외부로 유출될 우려가 있고, 투표 시스템 사용 경비를 지출하는 문제점이었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 초중등학교에서 시행하는 오프라인 방식과 온라인 방식 투표 방식의 문제점을 보완하면서 효율성, 경제성, 접근성, 안전성, 편리성 등을 갖는 전자투표시스템의 설계 내용을 기술한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.07a
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• pp.227-228
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• 2019

현실 세계에서 진행되는 투표는 시간과 공간이라는 자원들을 낭비하면서 진행이 된다. 그에 따른 보완책으로 온라인 투표 시스템을 제안할 수 있지만, 이 경우 데이터를 저장한 중앙 서버가 해킹당할 경우 데이터의 무결성 이 훼손되는 문제점을 야기할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 보완하기 위하여 블록체인 네트워크를 활용한 투표 시스템을 제안한다. 블록체인 투표 시스템을 응용하면 온라인으로 투표를 진행하여 시간과 공간이라는 자원을 절약할 수 있고 보안의 3요소 중 하나인 데이터의 무결성을 유지하여 투표 시스템의 투명성을 향상 킬 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1201-1216
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• 2017

Recently, many countries around the world including Korea (Rep. of) have actively introduced online voting using distributed ledger technology (e.g. blockchain). However, online voting using distributed ledger technology based on the widely deployed telecommunication/ICT infrastructure. There is insufficient analysis of potential security threats. In this paper, we suggest a model for online voting system using distributed ledger technology and propose countermeasures by analyzing the security threats that may occur in online voting process in terms of information security.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.1C
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• pp.86-93
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• 2007

In this paper, we present an electronic voting system based on cryptographic techniques. Recently, some countries have used e-voting systems using an electronic voting device instead of a voting sheet. These e-voting systems are the early stage which is not online voting. Many cryptographers have studied on-line e-voting systems based on cryptographic techniques. The existing 1-out-of-L e-voting systems are based on E1Gamal cryptosystem. To reduce computational complexity, we use r-th residue encryption scheme and compare the computational complexity of our 1-out-of-L e-voting system with that of the 1-out-of-L e-voting system based on E1Gamal cryptosystem. Moreover, we extend the proposed 1-out-of-L e-voting system to ballot-cancellation property The existing e-voting systems had been overlooked the ballot-cancellation property. There is the reason that the ballot is cancelled according to an election law. For our e-voting system with ballot-cancellation property, we extend the homomorphic property based on r-th residue encryption. The extended homomorphic property is used to cancel votes with guaranteeing privacy and universal verifiability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.395-400
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• 2002

전자투표 시스템은 유권자들이 온라인상에서 안전하게 투표할 수 있도록 하기 위한 프로토콜이다. 현재까지 대부분의 전자투표 시스템은 몇몇 신뢰할 수 있는 서버로 하여금 투표를 모아서 선거의 결과를 공정하게 계산할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 이러한 전자투표 시스템은 전자 서명[7,8,13,14,19], mix-net[20,21], homorphic encryption schemes[23,24]등을 이용하여 제안되었다. 또한 그룹 멤버가 그룹을 대표하여 서명을 하는 그룹 서명의 개념을 적용[15]할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 그룹 서명을 전자투표 시스템에 그대로 적용할 수 없기 때문에 변형된 그룹 서명을 제안하고, 그것을 이용하여 전자투표 시스템에 적용하고자 한다. 우리는 Camenisch 와 Michels가 제안한 그룹 서명[1]을 기초로 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.3-18
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• 2019

This study aims to analyse the relationship between the sense of community and resident online participation. To solve a variety of social problems in localities, both resident participation and the sense of community have been getting more important. Online voting is a project that is being implemented by the city of Seoul to expand the participation of residents. We surveyed residents living in the apartment complex in Seoul that was participating in with the pilot program for online voting. The empirical analysis shows the sense of community was, indeed, positively related to resident online participation. In particular, shared emotional connection, a component of the sense of community, was the most important factor for the resident online participation.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-61
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• 2016

Customer reviews help potential customers make purchasing decisions. However, the prevalence of reviews on websites push the customer to sift through them and change the focus from a mere search to identifying which of the available reviews are valuable and useful for the purchasing decision at hand. To identify useful reviews, websites have developed different mechanisms to give customers options when evaluating existing reviews. Websites allow users to rate the usefulness of a customer review as helpful or not. Amazon.com uses a ratio-type helpfulness, while Yelp.com uses a count-type usefulness index. This usefulness index provides helpful reviews to future potential purchasers. This study investigated the effects of sentiment and readability on useful votes for customer reviews. Similar studies on the relationship between sentiment and readability have focused on the ratio-type usefulness index utilized by websites such as Amazon.com. In this study, Yelp.com's count-type usefulness index for restaurant reviews was used to investigate the relationship between sentiment/readability and usefulness votes. Yelp.com's online customer reviews for stores in the beverage and food categories were used for the analysis. In total, 170,294 reviews containing information on a store's reputation and popularity were used. The control variables were the review length, store reputation, and popularity; the independent variables were the sentiment and readability, while the dependent variable was the number of helpful votes. The review rating is the moderating variable for the review sentiment and readability. The length is the number of characters in a review. The popularity is the number of reviews for a store, and the reputation is the general average rating of all reviews for a store. The readability of a review was calculated with the Coleman-Liau index. The sentiment is a positivity score for the review as calculated by SentiWordNet. The review rating is a preference score selected from 1 to 5 (stars) by the review author. The dependent variable (i.e., usefulness votes) used in this study is a count variable. Therefore, the Poisson regression model, which is commonly used to account for the discrete and nonnegative nature of count data, was applied in the analyses. The increase in helpful votes was assumed to follow a Poisson distribution. Because the Poisson model assumes an equal mean and variance and the data were over-dispersed, a negative binomial distribution model that allows for over-dispersion of the count variable was used for the estimation. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was used to model count variables with excessive zeros and over-dispersed count outcome variables. With this model, the excess zeros were assumed to be generated through a separate process from the count values and therefore should be modeled as independently as possible. The results showed that positive sentiment had a negative effect on gaining useful votes for positive reviews but no significant effect on negative reviews. Poor readability had a negative effect on gaining useful votes and was not moderated by the review star ratings. These findings yield considerable managerial implications. The results are helpful for online websites when analyzing their review guidelines and identifying useful reviews for their business. Based on this study, positive reviews are not necessarily helpful; therefore, restaurants should consider which type of positive review is helpful for their business. Second, this study is beneficial for businesses and website designers in creating review mechanisms to know which type of reviews to highlight on their websites and which type of reviews can be beneficial to the business. Moreover, this study highlights the review systems employed by websites to allow their customers to post rating reviews.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.378-391
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• 2020

This paper tries to critically examine how development of digital technology affects on the processes of production, consumption and intermediation of popular culture. We focus on the case of BTS to find changes after new media environment. In production part, artist produces diverse contents through multiple platforms to be a 'total package', and in consumption part, fans vote and promote online to support their artist, and their roles have expanded to the cultural intermediary at some part, so on the part of intermediation, inequalities from the power relations have changed in a part.