• Title/Summary/Keyword: 옥계

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GROWTH OF TRANSPLANTED PORTUGAL AND OLYMPIA OYSTERS IN THE KOREAN COASTAL WATERS (Portugal굴(Crassostrea angulata) 및 Olympia굴(Ostrea Iurida)의 이식 성장에 관한 연구)

  • BAE Gyung-Man;BAE Pyung-Arm
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 1972
  • This results concerning the growth of transplanting of the oyster seed, Crassostrea angulata and Ostrea Iurida, which were transplanted from Japan by air, and cultivated by the raft suspended method at the coast of Yeongoo-Ri, Koje-Goon, located on the southern coast of Korea from January to December 1970, are as follows, 1. The mean shell height of O. lurida was 36.4mm, and the shape of the shell was round and small. On the other hand, the mean shell height of C. angulata was 87.4mm and the shell length was 52.3mm, and the shape of the shell was oval and large, 2. O. lurida and C. angulata oysters grew well when the water temperature was above $16^{\circ}C$ and the specific gravity ranged from 1.0171 to 1.0236 from June to July. 3. There was a little difference in relative valiance between shell length and height of O, lurida but significant difference was shown in C. angulata from July to November. 4. The mortality rate of O. lurida was $35.2\%$ and that of C. angulata was $21.7\%$ respectively.

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Temporal Distribution of Pico- and Nanoplankton at a Station in Okkye Bay (옥계만 단일정점에서 극미소 및 미소플랑크톤의 시간적 분포)

  • Lee, Won-Je
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.16 no.7
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    • pp.855-863
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    • 2007
  • In order to understand the temporal distribution of pico- and nanoplankton and factors controlling its distribution at a station in Okkye Bay of Masan Bay located in the southern part of Korea, this study was conducted on two weeks interval from April 2005 to April 2006, and several abiotic and biotic factors were measured. During the study, picoplankton consisted of picoflagellates, cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, and nanoplankton consisted of nanoflagellates excluding dinoflagellates. The concentration of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) was a mean of $4.33\;{\mu}g/L$, and the nanoplanktonic ($<20\;{\mu}m$) chl-a size fraction was a mean of 39.5 % and significantly correlated with water temperature. The abundances of cyanobacteria and photosynthetic flagellates (PF) were means of $24.4{\times}10^{3}\;cells/mL\;and\;2.87{\times}10^{3}\;cells/mL$, respectively. The contribution of picoflagellates to the PF abundance varied among the sampling occasions and was a mean of 29 %, but to the PF carbon biomass was 2.6 % only. The PF abundance had significant relationships with water temperature, and silicate and TIN concentrations, suggesting that the PF abundance seemed to be primarily bottom-up regulated. The abundance of heterotrophic bacteria was a mean of $3.18{\times}10^{6}\;cells/mL$ and unlike other ecosystems it did not have relationships with chl-a and heterotrophic flagellates (HF), suggesting that bacterial abundance did not seem to be bottom-up or top-down regulated. HF mostly consisted of cells less than $5{\mu}m$ and its abundance was a mean of $2.71{\times}10^{3}\;cells/mL$. Of the HF abundance, picoflagellates occupied about 31 %, and occupied about 9 % of the HF carbon biomass. HF grazing activity on heterotrophic bacteria was relatively low and removed about 10 % of bacterial abundance, suggesting that HF might not be major consumers of bacteria and there seems to be other consumers in Okkye Bay. These results suggest that Okkye Bay may have a unique microbial ecosystem.

An Application of Infiltration Facilities for Reducing the Runoff in the Basin (유출저감을 위한 유역내 침투시설의 적용)

  • Lee, Jae-Joon;Seol, Ji-Su
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.133-141
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    • 2011
  • Urban development of basin causes increasing runoff volume and peak flowrate and shortening in time of concentration, which may cause frequent flooding downstream. An infiltration facilities are operated as a method of reducing flood discharge of urban rivers and peak flowrate. There are various types of infiltration facilities like infiltration trench and porous pavement. In this study, runoff reduction effect due to installation of infiltration facilities are performed and focused on $0.18km^2$ residential area of Ok-kye dong and $0.67km^2$ industrial area of Gong-dan dong in Gumi City. The analysis is fulfilled with comparison of total runoff volume and runoff reduction volume by using the WinSLAMM and the relation equation between area ratio of infiltration facilities and ratio of runoff reduction are derived and peak flow reduction effect for installation of infiltration facilities is analyzed.

Calculating the Actual Surface Area for Gangneung Forest Fire Area Using Slope-Aspect Algorithm (Slope-Aspect 알고리즘을 활용한 강릉시 산불 피해지역 실표면적 산출 방법)

  • Jeong, JongChul
    • Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.95-104
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    • 2022
  • This study aims to find the exact area of the forest fire in Okgye-myeon, Gangneung, April 4, 2019. Since there is a gradient in our country's forests, we should find a surface area that takes into account The 5th numerical clinical map provided by the DEM and the Korea Forest Service provided by the National Geographic Information Service was used. In DEM, the center point of each pixel was created and all points were connected. The length of the connecting line is determined by the spatial resolution of the pixel and the cosine value, and the surface area is obtained along with the height value, which is called the Slope-Aspect algorithm. The surface area and floor area of the forest were shown according to the tree species and types of forest, and their quantitative numerical differences proved the validity of this study.

Studies on the Directivity of Gokjungkyeong(Kyung Overlapped with Gok) which was specified in Byeokgye-ri, Yangpyeong-gun and the Hwaseo Lee, Hang-ro's Management in Byeokwon Garden (양평 벽계리에 설정된 곡중경(曲中景)의 지향성과 화서(華西) 이항로(李恒老)의 벽원(蘗園) 경영)

  • Jung, Woo-Jin;Rho, Jae-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.78-97
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    • 2016
  • The objectives of this study are to examine the context of the establishment of Suhoe Gugok, Byeokgye Gugok Vally, and Nosan Palkyung, which have been established in Seojong-myeon of Yangpyeong-gun, by literature review and site investigations, and to determine the sceneries of Byeokgye scenic site as enjoyed and managed during the period of Hwaseo Lee, Hang-ro(華西 李恒老). The results of the study are as follows. First, Byeokgye Gugok Vally(黃蘗九曲) and Nosan Palkyung(蘆山八景), which have been established after the period of Hwaseo and theorized to have been established around key scenic areas associated with Hwaseo's activities, the analysis results showed that they were collecting sceneries of modern times. The extensive overlap between Byeokgye Gugok Vally and concentrated scenic elements of Suhoe Gugok(水回九曲), and the artificial configuration from the end point of Suhoe Gugok to the beginning point of Nosan Palkyung, reveal the pattern of space conflict and hegemony between Byeokgyes of Suip-ri and Nomun-ri. This is likely to be caused by the conflict between the historicity of the group that enjoyed Byeokgye prior to Hwaso's period and the strong territoriality of the space filled with the image of Hwaseo. Second, Byeokgye Gugok Vally was the secondary spatial system created by selecting the most scenic sites in Suip-ri while expanding the area of Nosan Palkyung. After establishment of Byeokgye Gugok Vally, the spatial identity of the entire Byeokgyecheon area was effectively established. This was a "Hwaseo-oriented" move, including the complete exclusion of the scenic sites from the pre-Hwaseo period such as Cheongseo Gujang and Suhoe Gugok's Letters Carved on the Rock. Consequently, the entire Byeokgyecheon area was reorganized into a cultural scenic site with Heoseo's influence. Third, Fifth, creations of Gugok(九曲) to determine the lineage of the Hwaseo School from Juja(朱子) to Yulgok(栗谷) to Uam(尤庵) to Hwaseo is likely to be an opportunity of birth and external motivation of the establishment of new Gugok Palkyung. In other words, Nosan Palkyung and Byeokgye Gugok Vally are likely to have been created as a reaction to the change of the center of the Hwaseo School to Okgyedong, and with strategic orientation based on the motivation and needs such as creation of the connecting space between Mui Gugok, Gosan Gugok, and Okgye Gugok, and the elevation of Hwaseo's status. Fourth, from the Hwaseo's Li-centric point of view, all revered sites in Beokwon(蘗園) that he managed existed as the spatial creative work to experience the existence of "li" through the objects in the landscape and the boundary of the spirit of emptiness of the aesthetic self. This clearly shows how Byeokgye Gugok Vally or Nosan Palkyung must be defined, and furthermore, appreciated and approached, prior to discussing it as the space associated with Hwaseo. Fifth, Nosan Palkyung was composed of cultural scenic landscapes of Gokjungkyung(曲中景) with eight scenic sites where Hwaseo gave his teachings and spend time around, in the Byeokgye of Nomun-ri area of Byeokgye Gugok Vally. The sceneries is, however, collected by depending on Hwaseo's Letters Carved on the Rock and poetry. Consequently, an inner exuberance of Nosan Palkyung is satisfied beside Byeokgye Gugok Vally, but its conceptual adequacy leaves room for questions.

만덕봉 일대의 자원식물상과 식생

  • 박완근
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.64-85
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    • 1997
  • This study was to establish the floristic composition and vegetation of resources vascular plants of Mt. Mandukbong(1,035.3 m; $128^{\circ}$54'24'E, $37^{\circ}$36'53'N). This work were investigated during the period of 1996. Resources vascular plants were composed of 97 families, 298 genera, 406 species, 70 varieties and 8 formae, Totaling 484 taxa. Among the investigated resources plants. 15 taxa(2.6%) were Korean endemic species. The forest were comparatively well conservated by Pteridophyta calculation(Pte-Q), 1.1 Useful of resources plants were Edible source(46.7%), Pasture source(37.2%), Medicinal source(35.5%), Ornamental source(12.1%)and Timber source(5.9%) respectively. The forest vegetion was classified into 1 order, 1 alliances, 1 suballiances and 4 communities; Rhododendro - Quercetalia mongolicae Kim 1990 Lindero - Quercion mongolicae Kim 1990 A. Typical community B. Quercus variablilis - Quercus mongolica Community Callicarpo - Quercenion serratae Kim 1990 C. Carex humilis v. nana - Pinus densiflora Community D. Juglans mandshurica - Urtica angustifloia community

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Exceedance probability of allowable sliding distance of caisson breakwaters in Korea (국내 케이슨 방파제의 허용활동량 초과확률)

  • Kim, Seung-Woo;Suh, Kyung-Duck
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.495-507
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    • 2009
  • The expected sliding distance for the lifetime of a caisson breakwater has a limitation to be used as the stability criterion of the breakwater. Since the expected sliding distance is calculated as the mean of simulated sliding distances for the lifetime, there is possibility for the actual sliding distance to exceed the expected sliding distance. To overcome this problem, the exceedance probability of the allowable sliding distance is used to assess the stability of sliding. Latin Hypercube sampling and Crude Monte Carlo simulation were used to calculate the exceedance probability. The doubly-truncated normal distribution was considered to complement the physical disadvantage of the normal distribution as the random variable distribution. In the case of using the normal distribution, the cross-sections of Okgye, Hwasun, and Donghae NI before reinforcement were found to be unstable in all the limit states. On the other hand, when applying the doubly-truncated normal distribution, the cross-sections of Hwasun and Donghae NI before reinforcement were evaluated to be unstable in the repairable limit state and all the limit states, respectively. Finally, the shortcoming of the expected sliding distance as the stability criterion was investigated, and we reasonably assessed the stability of sliding of caissons by using the exceedance probability of allowable sliding distance for the caisson breakwaters in Korea.

The Distribution, Growth Environmental Conditions, and Morphological Characteristics of Korean Native Sedum rotundifolium at Native Habitats (한국 자생 둥근잎꿩의비름(Sedum rotundifolium)의 분포와 생육환경 및 자생지에서의 형태적 특성 조사)

  • Jeong, Jeong Hag
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.500-502
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    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to survey the distribution of Korean native Sedum rotundifolium and environmental conditions of their native habitats. Sedum rotundifolium could be found only at the Mt. Juwang and its vicinity, Okgae valley. And most of Sedum rotundifolium plants in habitats were positioned between the chasm of cliffs in middle mountainous area having altitudes ranging about 250~450 m. Most of soil conditions in native habitats were somewhat arid, and light intensities were ranged from 1 to 90 % of those at the open area. But relative humidity, air temperature and soil temperature showed little difference compared with those of open area. Soil acidities were ranged from pH 5.0 to 7.0, and relatively high amount of humus, total $P_2O_5$, Ca, and Mg were measured at habitat area. On the other hand, growth of Sedum rotundifolium was significantly different according to habitat sites.

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Egg Development and Morphology of Sand Fish, Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner) Larvae and Juveniles Reared in the Larboratory (실험실에서 사육한 도루묵의 난발생 및 자치어의 형태)

  • MYOUNG Jung-Goo;KIM Jong-Man;KIM Yong Uk
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.129-137
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    • 1989
  • Sand fish, Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner) is distributed in the coastal waters of East Sea of Korea, Japan, and Alaska. On December 1, 1987, matured adult of sand fish were collected from the shore of Ok-kye, Myongju-gun, Kangwon-do, Korea. The authors carried out artificial insemination on boat. The fertilized eggs were incubated and the larvae were reared in laborato교. The eggs of this species were demersal and adhesive, and their diameter were varied within $3.1\~3.4$mm (mean 3.3 mm, n= 10). They have a number of small oil globules. The spawned eggs in nature were formed the egg mass which were measured ca. 4 m in dia-meter. The hatching took place in 65 days after fertilization at the water temperature of $8.7\~12.3^{\circ}C$. The newly hatched larvae were $8.5\~10.2$ mm in total length with 11 (abdominal) +40 (caudal) = 51 myomeres. 24 days after hatching, the larva attained 19.4 mm in total length, at this time the larvae absorbed the yolk completely, and become postlarvae. 32 days after hatching, the larva attained 23.4 mm in total length, and become juvenile. 56 days after hatching, the juvenile reached 29.9 mm in total length and had adult form. 5 spines of preopercle bone were formed at 24.4 mm in total length. At ca. 15 mm in total length, the form of the pectoral fin was transformed into the adult form.

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Development of Eggs, Larvae and Juveniles of Smooth Lumpsucker, Aptocyclus ventricosus (Pallas) (뚝지의 난발생과 자치어)

  • KIM Yong-Uk;PARK Yang-Sung;MYOUNG Jung-Goo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.157-165
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    • 1987
  • On January 16, 1986, mature adults of smooth lumpsucker, Aptocyclus ventricosus (Pallas) were collected from the coastal water of Okkye, Myongju-gun, Kangwon-do, Korea. The authors carried out artificial insemination on the boat. The eggs were incubated and the larvae were reared in laboratory. During the incubation period water temperature fluctuated between $7.5^{\circ}C$ and $21.4^{\circ}C$. The eggs of smooth lumpsucker are demersal and adhesive. The eggs diameters were varied from 2.28 to 2.36 mm. The hatching took place in ca. 725 hours after fertilization. The newly hatched larvae were 6.0-6.9 mm in total length. The features of the hatched larvae lie in the tadpole-like body form and in the well developed sucking disk, namely the ventral fins. 17 days after hatching, the larva attained 9.1 mm in total length. The gill opening retained a small opening at its upper part. Melanophores were developed on the tail. 31 days after hatching, the larva attained 10.6 mm in total length, and became juvenile. The first dorsal fin was disappeared. 105 days after hatching, the larvae attained 15.4-17.5 mm in total length.

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