• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.478-482
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• 2001

This study was conducted to get a knowledge on food components of cuttle bone (CB) as a food resource. The yields and ash contents of CB were about $7.5\%$ on whole cuttle fish and about $90\%$ on dry basis, respectively, The contents of heavy metal might not invoke health risk in using food resource, The major mineral of CB was calcium as about $22\%$ in content. The yields, proximate compositions, heavy metal and mineral contents were not significantly different between domestic and imported CB. Judging from X-ray diffraction pattern, most of calcium in CB was present as a form of calcium carbonate (CC), and scanning electron micrograph showed irregular form. Buffering capacity of CB showed strongly at pH 7, and its pattern was the same as shown in that of CC, And CB solution showed a very high degree in turbidity comparing to that of CC solution. The solubility of CB was superior to that of CC, but inferior to those of calcium powders on the market, It was concluded from above results that CB could be effectively utilized as a calcium source.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to develop indoor-rearing methods of the diving beetles. In nature, both the adult diving beetle and its larvae are voracious aquatic predators. The larvae beetles hunt relatively bigger size of tadpoles and small fish for food source. However, due to difficulties of the food supplement for rearing diving beetles at indoor-condition further motivated us to develop new artificial food. Three separate experiments were performed. In the first experiment, adult beetles were provided with one of the several food choice treatments to self-compose their preferred foods that are affordable on the market at lower price. The second experiment was also to develop artificial diet that is possible for rearing larvae beetle under indoor condition. The larvae beetles were restricted to raw squid, artificial food source and mosquito larvae as a control at the first stadium and small fish and raw squid during second to third stadium duration. According to our result, adult beetles selected a food that made of boiled squid and dead small fish while, the young larvae consumed small fish, mosquito larvae and raw squid. Although, the larval food restriction on law squid caused noticeable decrease in survival, the result still supported the possible survival rate of keeping larvae at indoor condition. Moreover, pupation rate experiments, in which groups of larvae were placed at different mats, natural soil and fermented sawdust, showed that 80% of diving beetles pupated on the sawdust. This result indicates that female beetle preferentially selected to oviposit along soft and moist area.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2008

For prevention of E. coli related with food poisoning including diarrhea, urinal infection, peritonitis and infant septicemia, two hundreds and twelve E. coli strains(10.3%) were isolated among 2,066 seafood products in Seoul Garak fishery market from 2005 to 2007. Most strains were isolated from fishes (7.0%), shellfishes (12.8%), crustaceans (8.7%), and molluscs (11.0%) in summer. Serotypes of E. coli isolates were determined as O6, O8, O25, O26, O27, O55, O78, O126, O158, O167, and O168. Conclusively, we knew that E. coli could be contaminated in various seafood products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 1979

Diurnal variation of the catch of some important species groups in the Northwestern coast of Africa were studied on the basis of fish catching data compiled by a stern trawler(G.T., 499ton 2,200ps). The experimental fishing has been conducted from September, 1975 to August, 1976. The catch of the important groups I. e. squid, cuttlefish, octopus, sole fish and sea bream revealed different fluctuation patterns. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The catch of squid caught in daytime(0900-1800) was greater than that caught in night (2100-0600). 2. The catch of cuttle fish caught in daytime was more than that caught in night. In the daytime, large size group(heavier than 300g) was caught dominately during midday (1200-1500) whereas the small size group, lighter than 300g, was caught dominately during the time of sunrise (0600-0900) and sunset (1800-2100). 3. The catch of octopus varied according to the size groups. The large sige group, heavier than 700g, was caught predominately during daytime and the small size group, lighter than 700g, was caught predominately during night. 4. The catch of sole fish caught in night was greater than that caught in daytime. 5. The catch of sea bream and miscellaneous fishes including sardin, jack-mackerel and etc. was greater in daytime.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2012

This study surveyed the fishing efficiency for Japanese common squid based on improvements made to LED fishing lamps by utilizing the training ship of Gangwon Provincial College. The training ship, Haesong-ho (24 tons), was equipped with seventy-two 150W electric power LED fishing lamps (10.8kW), and their fishing efficiency and fuel consumption level were surveyed for a total of ten times during the period between June 15, 2009 and July 27, 2009. In addition, the training ship was equipped with seventy-one 300W electric power LED fishing lamps (21.3kW) and their fishing efficiency and fuel consumption level were surveyed for a total of five times during the period between January 17, 2010 and August 4, 2010. In order to compare the fishing efficiency of LED fishing lamps, the catch of another fishing vessel equipped with Metal Halide (MH) fishing lamps of 120kW for the same period and at the same fishing grounds. The fuel consumption levels during the fishing operation of Haesong-ho was about 1,047.7 liters which was approximately 19.9% of the total fuel consumption level of 5,262.6 liters, and the fuel consumption level per operation hour was on average 9.2 liters. The number of Japanese common squid caught by the LED fishing lamp-equipped fishing vessel ranged from 12 to 1,640 squid for each fishing trial and the average quantity was 652. The number of Japanese common squid caught by the MH fishing lamp-equipped 10 fishing vessels ranged from 40 to 4,800 squid and the average quantity was 2,055. The fishing of Japanese common squid was done by the use of hand lines and an automatic jigging machine. The number of Japanese common squid caught per hand line and a single roller of the automatic jigging machine was in the proportion of 50.8% to 49.2% with respect to the LED fishing lamp-equipped fishing vessel. However, the number of Japanese common squid caught per hand line and a single roller of the automatic jigging machine was in the proportion of 86.4% to 13.6% with respect to the MH fishing lamp-equipped fishing vessel where most of the catch was made by hand lines. On the other hand, in comparing the number of Japanese common squid caught per automatic jigging machine, the number of squid caught by the LED fishing lamp-equipped fishing vessel was about the same or greater than the number of squid caught by the MH fishing lamp-equipped fishing vessel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.135-143
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• 2009

To study the behavioral reaction of common squid Todarodes pacificus, to different colors of LED light, individual distribution in the dark condition without LED light stimuli, individual distribution when four colors of light stimuli were at the sections of end and middle of water tank and the changes of gathering rates as the elapse of illuminating time were examined. When it was dark, the distribution of the fish in each section of the tank was U-shape regardless of the investigating time intervals, which means that Todarodes pacificus gathered at the both ends of the tank. The individual distribution when light stimuli were at the one end of the tank showed the tendency of gathering at the illuminated section and decreasing at the opposite section. There were 448 of them at the end of the tank when the light was blue, 352 when white, 302 when green and 132 when red. Thus the fish liked blue light the most, followed by white light. The variations of gathering rate at the both ends of tank as illuminating time elapsed showed the tendency of increasing at the light section (A section), however, it showed the tendency of decreasing at the darkest section (F section). The individual distribution showed the tendency of letter $\wedge$ of gathering at the center and decreasing at the both ends mostly when the light stimuli were at the middle section of tank. The gathering rates at the lighting section were 80.4% when red, 76.4% when white, 69.6% when green and 56.7% when blue. The fishes showed the affinity for the red light mostly, followed by the white light source. The red light and blue light showed the opposite when the light stimuli were at the one end of water tank. The variations of gathering rates as the elapse of time at the lighted section showed the tendency of gradual increasing in the four light sources. The color of light source showing the highest gathering rate within 25-30 minutes of light stimuli was the white, followed by the red.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1998

As a part of basic investigation for utilizing by-products derived from seafood processing as a food source, a chemical characteristics of fish bones (cod bone, Alaska pollack bone, yellowfin sole bone, hoki bone, conger eel bone and mackerel bone) were investigated. The crude protein (40.7% on the dry basis) and collagen contents (5.86%, on the dry basis), imino acid composition (189 residues/1,000 residues) of hoki bone were higher than those of the other fish bones, but were lower than those of the animal bone. The crude lipid contents and EPA and DHA compositions of yellowfin sole, conger eel and mackerel bones were $22.8{\sim}43.9%$ on the dry basis and $15.6{\sim}23.8%$, respectively and were lower than those of squid viscera. The major ash components of the fish bones were found to be calcium and phosphorus and the contents in 100 g crude ash were $37.1{\sim}38.6%$ and $18.0{\sim}18.5%$ respectively. The calcium and phosphorus contents in 100 g crude ash of cod and Alaska pollack bones were more than those of the animal bones, as well as the others. It may be concluded, front these results, hoki bone can be effectively utilized as a processing materal of collagen or gelatin and cod and Alaska pollack bones as a calcium source.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the proper inclusion levels of squid liver powder (SLP) and dehulled soybean meal (DHSM) as a fish meal (FM) replacement in the diets for olive flounders. All the experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (50% crude protein, CP) and isocaloric (17.1 kJ energy $g^{-1}$ diet). Four diet were formulation of FM with SLP (DHSM) were tested at 0, 25, 50, 75% (SLP(DHSM)$_0$, SLP(DHSM)$_{25}$, SLP(DHSM)$_{50}$ and SLP(DHSM)$_{75}$, respectively). Triplicate groups of 12 fish with an average body weight of 5.56$\pm$0.1 g (mean$\pm$S.D.) were fed one of three experimental diets for 7 weeks. Weight gain (WG) and the specific growth rate(SGR) of fish fed SLP(DHSM)$_0$ and SLP(DHSM)$_{25}$ diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed SLP(DHSM)$_{50}$ and SLP(DHSM)$_{75}$ diets (P<0.05). Also, WG and SGR of fish fed SLP(DHSM)$_{50}$ had significantly higher WG and SGR than that of fish fed SLP(DHSM)$_{75}$ (P<0.05). The feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed SLP(DHSM)$_0$ and SLP(DHSM)$_{25}$ were significantly higher than those fed SLP(DHSM)$_{50}$ and SLP(DHSM)$_{75}$ (P<0.05). The whole-body crude lipid content of fish SLP(DHSM)$_{75}$ was significantly higher than that of fish fed SLP(DHSM)$_{50}$ (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in whole-body moisture, crude protein and crude ash of fish fed all diets. Based on these growth performance results, the SLP(DHSM) combination replace up to 25% FM protein by the ANOVA test in juvenile olive flounder diets.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.314-319
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• 2010

This study determined the proper inclusion levels of squid liver powder (SLP) - soy protein concentrate (SPC) premix as a fish meal (FM) substitute in the diet for juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). All the experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (50% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.1 kJ energy $g^{-1}$ diet). Five diets were formulated with SLP-(SPC) replacing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the FM (SLP $(SPC)_0$, SLP $(SPC)_25$, SLP $(SPC)_50$, SLP $(SPC)_75$, and SLP $(SPC)_100$, respectively). Triplicate groups of 12 fish averaging $5.56{\pm}0.10\;g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) were fed one of the five experimental diets for 7 weeks. The weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_0$ were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_50$, SLP $(SPC)_75$ and SLP $(SPC)_100$, while those of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_0$ and SLP $(SPC)_25$ were similar. The whole-body crude protein content of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_0$ was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_50$, SLP $(SPC)_75$, and SLP$(SPC)_100$, while those of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_0$ and SLP $(SPC)_25$ were similar. The whole-body crude lipid of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_0$ was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_50$ and SLP $(SPC)_75$, while those of fish fed SLP $(SPC)_0$, SLP $(SPC)_25$ and SLP $(SPC)_100$ were similar. Based on the fish growth performance results obtained from this study, the SLP (SPC) premix can substitute up to 25% of the FM in the diets of juvenile olive flounder.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.428-438
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• 2008

Choline is important for normal membrane function, acetylcholine synthesis and methyl group metabolism. In this study, 185 food items customarily eaten by Koreans were selected from the data of the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey and analyzed on the total choline content of the foods using enzymatic method of choline oxidase. Foods with high choline concentration (mg/100 g) were listed in sequence of quail egg (476.04 mg), dried squid (452.42 mg), beef liver (427.16 mg), pork liver (424.92 mg), tuna canned in oil (414.44 mg), boiled and dried anchovy (381.30 mg), dried Alaskan pollack (378.88 mg), chicken egg (309.88 mg), chicken liver (259.38 mg), soybean (238.62 mg), French bread with garlic (193.18 mg) and barley (183.73 mg). From this result, it is shown that dried fishes, prepared fishes, livers, eggs, pulses and cereals might be categorized as high choline food. Citron tea and green tea showed low choline content below 1 mg. Vegetables and fruits were also categorized into low choline food. No choline was detected in red pepper powder, beer, soju, soybean oil and corn oil out of foods analyzed in this study. Further study is required for analytic procedure of the foods of which results are inconsistent with USDA's data such as rice and wheat flour.