• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.655-679
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• 2008

This study is to analyze the base of selection and feature of description on Korea-related content in Japanese curriculum(geography and history) and high-school geography textbooks. Japanese curriculum requires that there are two or three neighbor countries to be selected and their contents consist of life and culture and have to compare with those of japan in view of understanding and respect on similarity and difference. The content of physical environment is only dealt as factors influencing on life and culture because regional teaming of neighbor countries focus on it. Dok-do is described with conflict region in most of textbooks. But some textbooks describe Dok-do with territory of Shimane-Hyun in Japan or devide like japanese territory on the map. There are described han-gul(Korean language), confucianism, buddhism and christianity, han-bok(Korean clothes), rice and soup, bulgogi(Korean meat dishes) and scissors, spoon and chopsticks, ondol(Korean floor heater), etc. with the cases of specific Korean life and culture. And, exchange between Korea and Japan focuses on more cultural view increasing recently than political and economical view. Then Japanese high-school geography textbooks humanize geography because of they focus on life and culture and promote not only knowledge and understanding but also altruism and empathy because they focus on similarity and difference through comparison between neighbor country and Japan. This shows how to able to practice regional teaming in globalization and multicultural society.

• Strategy21
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• s.45
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• pp.33-59
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• 2019

There have many research papers to see China's evolution of maritime strategy and naval modernization in terms of its naval mind-set. However, this article focuses on assessing how China uses its all sorts of maritime strength to achieve 'a building maritime great power.' The aim of the article is to introduce a new perspective to this debate by analysing China's diversified ma maritime capabilities and a new way of implementation in maritime security strategy. In recent years, China has been developing not only unpredictable maritime military capabilities but also maritime supporting forces - Coast Guard and Maritime Militia. And recently China adopted up-to-date operational concept aimed at gaining military superiority in Asia-Pacific waters. By taking salami slicing strategy, gray zone strategy and cabbage strategy, China has been trying to exercise surpassing influences in regional maritime area, also in western Pacific region. This article provides a stepping stone to comprehend the aspect of China's recent maritime strategic actions, especially in Yellow Sea. In conclusion, this article suggests some policy recommendations for countering China's coercive maritime strategy. First, Korea should make sure a strategic concept of maritime security, instead of land warfare focused strategic concept. Second, it is needed to set up suitable naval forces for actively responding to neighbor nation's offensive actions.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2024

Israel craves peace and freedom. Israel has won many wars and conflicts militarily. They have developed strategic thinking based on the data, unique culture, and peacetime preparation system accumulated so far, and the strategic culture based on it contributes to fostering elite strong forces by presenting directions to security strategies.The strategic culture formed by Israeli beliefs, behavioral patterns, and identity influenced strategic thinking and the usefulness of security strategies. The purpose of this study is to redefine the concept of strategic culture by referring to the methodological discussion of strategic culture theory and to examine how useful strategic culture has provided strategic thinking and security strategies. In addition, based on the impact of Israel's strategic culture on security strategy, I would like to present implications for Korea's security strategy.

• Public Diplomacy: Theory and Practice
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.27-52
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• 2022

Objectives: The neighboring countries of South Korea and Japan in Northeast Asia have interacted in both positive and negative ways, at times as close partners and other times adversaries, throughout their long and thorny history of extensive dynamics. The controversial dispute over Dokdo is one of the most critical issues evoking harsh tensions and arguments asserting wholly opposite claims. Dokdo is a small island between two coastal states, but significant in terms of territorial, botanical, and marine resources, and thus ownership of the island has become a point of conflict accompanied by a troubled history. But why has Dokdo been a source of conflicts and how should the controversial Dokdo issue be addressed in a way that fosters positive influence and co-prosperity? Methods: This study provides comprehensive and critical insights from a wealth of previous research and strategic suggestions for the Korean government. It utilizes the three perspectives of historical documents and political context, international regulations and legal frames, and public diplomacy. Furthermore, it applies these resources to negotiation theories and strategies to propose reasonable solutions. Results: This study suggests that it is important for Korea and Japan to try to build mutual trust through more active communication and interaction in order to understand each other before attempting to create a formal resolution via negotiation. In addition to these efforts, Korea needs to be ready for the inevitable need to take decisive action in terms of negotiation, using analytic and efficient strategies. The study proposes three solutions: 1) Strong Action Strategy, 2) International Legal Strategy, and 3) Public Diplomacy Strategy. Conclusions: From the perspective of public diplomacy, the Dokdo issue needs to be converted from a symbol of conflicts between Korea and Japan into a symbol of peace and co-prosperity. In addition to promoting a positive relationship between the two states, it can also contribute to the security environment of the Northeast Asian region and global peace.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.457-479
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• 2013

Through a Chinese rise, Chinese dream is actualizing as the world's great power. According to outlook of World Bank and IMF, Around 2030 China will be a great power bigger than America's economic power. The rise of China will give a huge impact to the whole world. China expands her influence through a global manufacturing base and a global market. To actualize 'Peaceful Rise' Strategy, China has many constraints. Chinese society is facing many difficult social problem due to side effects of a rapid development. Such as the spread of corruption, the severity of wealth gap, environmental degradation and energy shortage. Internationally there are containment from hegemon so-called 'China threat' dispute, Taiwan issue and territorial disputes. Western countries are hostile to China for two reasons. Based on expectations, one is China's socialist system and the other is the rising China which will compete for supremacy with Europe and America. Recent emergence of Chinese nationalism and the containment of the neighboring countries are also serious limiting factors. Domestically they have the rampant corruption in the bureaucracy, weakened capacity of Communist rule, wealth disparity due to the discriminatory economic development strategy, seriousness of rural problem, social instability, lack of social security systems and the development gap between the eastern coastal areas and western inland areas, ethnic minorities problems, the constraint of sustainable development issues due to lack of resources, environmental pollution and energy constraints. Like the former Soviet Union, China may face a dismantlement. After the rise, China may encounter possibilities of a war between great powers or a collapse of Chinese society caused by deepening internal conflict. Serious economic polarization would make peasants and urban workers, who are social vulnerable people, to turn their back to communist party and threaten the justification and the appropriateness of the ruling communist party. Chinese government will think internal system security threat is more formidable risk factor than a system security threat from the hegemon. The decline of great country comes from internal reasons rather than external reasons. To achieve peaceful rise, unification with Taiwan is an essential prerequisite. Taiwan issues are complex problems which equipped with international and domestic factors. Lack of energy resources, environmental pollution in China will bring economic crisis to Korean enterprises. Important influence to Korean economy will be a changeover of the method in economic development. It will turn the balance of investment and consumption, GDP-centered growth to consumption and environment-centered growth. Services industries including finance, environment, culture, education, health care and social welfare will grow. Change in China's growth model will give a great challenge upon the intermediate goods industry in Korea. Korea should reduce the portion of machinery, automotive, semiconductor, steel and chemical-centered export industry to China, and should increase the proportion of the service industry.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.163-191
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• 2017

This article aims to review the recent, especially focusing on the year of 2016, situations and prospects of the Vietnamese politics, economy, and international relations. Politically, Vietnam completed the election of members for the National Assembly and organized new leadership at the 12th National Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party in 2016. One characteristic of the new leadership is that the politicians, especially the members of politburo, from the North continue to occupy the position of majority. The other one is that the new leadership promised to carry out the restructuring of economy toward industries producing higher value-added commodities even though Vietnam industries admittedly need to accelerate present industrialization and modernization as a developing country under the seemingly contradictory slogan of "the development of market economy for socialism." The declared goals of the new leadership in Vietnam are inevitable in a sense since the development of Vietnamese economy has been heavily dependent upon Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) taking advantage of Vietnamese cheap labor and simultaneously it is evident that its future is unsecure if it maintains status quo. In fact, the Vietnamese economy has impressively showed high growth rate by the help of foreign capitals since 1990s despite the repetitive recessions of global economy but its growth is not likely to be sustainable anymore if it will not reduce foreign dependency and social economic inequality in a long term. In a short run, global economic recession, the financial and monetary policies of global powers, and recent protectionism and uncertainty of trade agreements will be three crucial variables to affect Vietnamese economy. In terms of international relations, Vietnam is continuously expected to practise the policy of checks and balances among the powerful countries. Vietnam has seriously disputed with China on islands sovereignty in the South China Sea and attempted to maintain close relationship with other powerful countries including especially America. However, mainly due to the new protectionism by the regime of American president Donald Trump, the Vietnamese government also need to keep close relationship with China increasingly for both economic and diplomatic security. Under the circumstances, Vietnam is expected to maintain more practical and balanced international relations.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.116-119
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• 2011

A Chinese shipping boat collided with two Japanese coast guard boats in waters near the disputed Senkaku islands (known as Diaoyudao in China) in the East China Sea on September 7th last year. The boat was held and captain was arrested by Japanese Government. The incident soon turned into a big political and economic conflict between the two countries. Japan's intention was to show her tight control over Senkaku, whereas China's intention was to make it a disputed territory in the eyes of international politics. While the conflict was going on, a top-rank bilateral talk between the two countries was suspended, boycott of Japanese goods was suggested, numerous rallies were held in both countries. This situation lasted for several months until China used an extreme card of "Cutting Supply of Rare Earth to Japan". Under this pressure, Japan instantly released the captain and closed the case. Over this incident, public noticed the importance of rare earth and its impact on the global economy. Since then, the policy of Chinese Government for the rare earth has created more confusion and turmoil in the global market. The purpose of this article is to overview the price rally and future of the rare earth.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.171-185
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and maximize the value of Dokdo as a marine educational tourism destination. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the identification of Dokdo as a unique territory of Korea rather than a disputed territory by further activating Dokdo tourism. The revitalization of Dokdo tourism was reviewed and analyzed from the viewpoint that it is possible when Dokdo is recognized as a destination for marine educational tourism. As a result of reviewing various research papers, periodicals, and government documents published in Korea and abroad, it is necessary to emphasize on-site education such as patriotism, anti-Japanese consciousness, and historical awareness in order to maximize value as a marine educational destination of Dokdo. Points out that it is possible to differentiate from other tourist destinations. Second, it pointed out that Dokdo preserves and develops to maximize the resource value of various tourism resources it possesses. Third, it pointed out to develop specialized tourism resources that can be linked with Dokdo tourism. Fourth, it pointed out that Dokdo will maximize its development potential as a marine educational tourism destination. Fifth, it is pointed out that there is a need to improve the educational program related to Dokdo. Finally, I pointed out that I would like to develop a variety of marine educational tourism contents and tourism programs linked with Ulleungdo.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.143-151
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide the future development of the PRC Marine Corps by analyzing the changing functions via its historical development. The PRCMC is an elite regular military forces and was established by the Central Military Commission(China) in 1953 in order to project the national military power toward the enemy's territory by overcoming maritime obstacles such as seas and lakes. The PRCMC is relatively smaller personnel strength compared with the whole size of the PRC military forces. Thus its functions were limited in the areas of amphibious and land operations, island and land defense against Taiwan before the PRC pursues expanding policy toward outside. However, in the 2000s, China pursues its policy for obtaining absolute national interest so that its functions are rapidly enlarged into defense of the forward naval bases, and those for evolving its power toward outside according to not only the island territorial dispute with Japan, but also Xi Jinping's active expanding policy what we call 'the one belt and one road'. So its personnel strength is slowly increased. If the increasement of the PRC Navy and Marine Corps would develop into the level of which they can contain the status and influence of the US military power in Asia-Pacific area, it is possible that the security environment of the North-east Asia including the Korean peninsula will be fluctuated. Consequently, the ROK also needs to reevaluate the functions and the size of the joint strength of the ROK Navy and Marine Corps considering the transition of the changing security environment.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.449-476
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• 2010

This paper focuses on the security problems in atlantic ocean involved in the USA and Latin America and the Caribbean. The ocean security matters in this region have mainly argued military concerns traditionally. However, the concept of ocean security has been changed in the 21st century and strongly debated with various dimensions: social, human and resource, environment as well. This paper traces these changed concepts currently with many empirical cases existed in many security conflicts in this ocean, especially between the USA and Latin(South) America region. Historically, security conflicts in the OAS(Organization of American States) countries have involved with many military matters, territory and oceans, and currently added up with terrorism and drug problems as well. However, the great and potential conflict emerged in the security issues is resource matter in this ocean and get a dilemma to be sorted out between military and social security matter. For example, the re-establishment of 'the 4th Fleet' in US Navy got a great conflict between the USA and the South American countries, both of them wants to achieve to resource security in this ocean to meet their energy security. Finally this paper addresses some implications and prospects in this conflict in near future and suggests a few solutions and advices for Korean's relation in this ocean.