• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2013

In this study, compare and analyze the dose distribution and availability of radiation therapy when using a different devices to TNI(Total Lymphnodal Irradiation). Test subjects(patients) are 15 people(Male 7, Female 8). Acquire CT Simulation images of the 15 people using Somatom Sansation Open 16 channel and then acquired images was transferred to each treatment planning system Pinnacle Ver 8.0 and Tomotherapy Planning System and separate the tumor tissue and normal tissues(whole lung, spinal cord, Rt kidney, Lt kidney). Tumor prescription dose was set to 750 cGy. and then Compare the Dose Compatibility, Normal Tissue's Absorbed Dose, Dose Distribution and DVH. Statistical analysis was performed SPSS Ver. 18.0 by paired sample Assay. The absorbed dose in the tumor tissue was $751.0{\pm}4.7cGy$ in tomotherapy planning, $746.9{\pm}14.1cGy$ in linac. Tomotherapy's absorbed dose in the tumor was more appropriate than linac. and These values are not statistically significant(p>0.05). Tomotherapy plan's absorbed dose in the normal tissues were less than linac's plan. This value was statistically significant(p<0.05) excepted of whole lung. In DVH, appropriated on tumor and normal tissues in tomotherapy and linac but tomotherapy's TER was better than linac. Namely, a result of Absorbed dose in tumor and normal tissue, Dose distribution pattern, DVH, Both radiation therapy devices were appropriated in radiation therapy on TER. The Linac has a short treatment time(about 15-20 min) and open space on treatment time. It cause infant and pediatric patients to receiving uncomfortable treatment. So, In this case, it will be fine that Linac based therapy was restricted use. and if the patient was cooperative, it will be show a better prognosis that Tomotherapy using Radiation Therapy.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.2
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• pp.223-234
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• 2008

Recently the web service area provides the efficient integrated environment of the internal and external of corporation and enterprise that wants the introduction of it is increasing. Also the web service develops and the new business model appears, the domestic enterprise environment and e-business environment are changing caused by web service. The web service which provides the similar function increases, most the method which searches the suitable service in demand of the user is more considered seriously. When it needs to choose one among the similar web services, service consumer generally needs quality information of web service. The problem, however, is that the advertised QoS information of a web service is not always trustworthy. A service provider may publish inaccurate QoS information to attract more customers, or the published QoS information may be out of date. Allowing current customers to rate the QoS they receive from a web service, and making these ratings public, can provide new customers with valuable information on how to rank services. This paper suggests the agent-based quality broker architecture which helps to find a service providing the optimum quality that the consumer needs in a position of service consumer. It is able to solve problem which modify quality requirements of the consumer from providing the architecture it selects a web service to consumer dynamically. Namely, the consumer is able to search the service which provides the optimal quality criteria through UDDI browser which is connected in quality broker server. To quality criteria value decision of each service the user intervention is excluded the maximum. In the existing selection architecture, the objective evaluation was difficult in subjective class of service selecting of the consumer. But the proposal architecture is able to secure an objectivity with the quality criteria value decision where the agent monitors binding information in consumer location. Namely, it solves QoS information of service which provider does not provide with QoS information sharing which is caused by with feedback of consumer side agents.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

Soil types for cultivated crops are approximately compose of volcanic ash soils for black(21%) and dark brown soils(41%), and non-volcanic ash soil of red-yellow soil(17%) in Jeju Island. The effects of these soils on fruit qualities of kiwifruit 'Jecy Gold'(Actinidia chinensis cv. Jecy Gold) were investigated in non-heating plastic house. Soil moisture potential was the lowest in the red-yellow soil during fruit growth. However, transverse diameter of fruit in the red-yellow soil was tends to be smaller than in volcanic ash soils, but longitudinal length of fruit was not shown difference by soil types during fruit maturation. Soluble solids in fruit was not differed by soil types until 140 days after of anthesis, after that the red-yellow soil was the highest. No difference on acid contents and hardness of fruit by soil types. Fructose, glucose and sucrose contents in harvested fruit were $4.45{\pm}2.08$, $5.43{\pm}1.13$, and $2.40{\pm}0.40%$ for the red-yellow soil, $2.51{\pm}0.55$, $3.52{\pm}0.86$, and $0.79{\pm}0.33%$ for the black soil and $2.54{\pm}0.47$, $3.52{\pm}0.73$, and $0.73{\pm}0.38%$ for the dark brown soil, respectively. These results show that soluble solid and free sugars in fruit were affected by soil types. It is estimated that soil moisture was rapidly drought in the red-yellow soil of non-volcanic ash soil than in the black and dark brown soils of volcanic ash soil.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.472-481
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• 2009

Response surface methodology (RSM) is frequently used for optimization studies. In the present work, RSM was used to determine the antimicrobial activitiesof grapefruit seed extract (GFSE) and a lactic acid mixture (LA) against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of independent variables on dependent parameters. One set of antimicrobial preparations included mixtures of 1% (w/w) GFSE and 10% (w/w) LA, in which the relative proportions of component antimicrobials varied between 0 and 100%. In further experiments, the relative proportions were between 20% and 100%. Antimicrobial effects against various microorganisms were mathematically encoded for analysis. The codes are given in parentheses after the bacterial names, and were S. aureus ($Y_1$), B. cereus ($Y_2$), E. coli ($Y_3$), S. typhimurium ($Y_4$), P. fluorescens ($Y_5$), and V. parahaemolyticus ($Y_6$). The optimum antimicrobial activity of the 1% (w/w) GFSE:10% (w/w) LA mixture against each microorganism was obtained by superimposing contour plots ofantimicrobial activities on measures of response obtained under various conditions. The optimum rangesfor maximum antimicrobial activity of a mixture with a ratio of 1:10 (by weight) GFSE and LA were 35.73:64.27 and 56.58:43.42 (v/v), and the optimum mixture ratio was 51.70-100%. Under the tested conditions (a ratio of 1% [w/w] GFSE to 10% [w/w] LA of 40:60, and a concentration of 1% [w/w] GFSE and 10% [w/w] LA, 70% of the highest value tested), and within optimum antimicrobial activity ranges, the antimicrobial activities of the 1% (w/w) GFSE:10% (w/w) LA mixture against S. aureus ($Y_1$), B. cereus ($Y_2$), E. coli ($Y_3$), S. typhimurium ($Y_4$), P. fluorescens ($Y_5$), and V. parahaemolyticus ($Y_6$) were 24.55, 25.22, 20.20, 22.49, 23.89, and 28.04 mm, respectively. The predicted values at optimum conditions were similar to experimental values.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.669-681
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• 2021

The content of major constituents and antioxidant activities of two lavers (Pyropia seriata, Pyropia dentata) selected through breeding at different regions (Jangsan-do, Amtae-do, Dali-do, Jin-do, Muan) were compared in this study. The mineral contents of both cultivars were in the following order: K>Na>Mg>Ca>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu. The content of major fatty acids was as follows: eicosapentaenoic acid>palmitic acid>arachidonic acid>dihomo-ɣ-linolenic acid. Main constituents of total and free amino acids were as follows: alanine>glutamic acid>aspartic acid. In particular, the total amino acid content in P. dentata was higher than that in P. seriata and was the highest in the sample from Jangsan-do in January. In addition, in terms of total phenolic content, reducing power, and DPPH radical-scavenging activity of both samples collected in January and February, P. dentata showed better characteristics than P. seriata. This study may provide useful information for the selection of laver in high quality.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.77-94
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional characteristics of mesiodens using Cone-beam Computed Tomography(CBCT) and analyze the factors affecting complications and anesthetic methods of extraction. This study evaluated 602 mesiodens of 452 patients who underwent extraction of mesiodens at the department of Pediatric Dentistry in Seoul National University Dental Hospital between 2017 and 2019. The ratio of mesiodens patients over total patient per year was gradually increased over the past 20 years. Mesiodens with labio-palatally horizontal direction while root directing labial were the most common among the mesiodens with horizontal direction. Mesiodens were the most common at the cervical side of the adjacent teeth(37.0%) and mesiodens located in the near-palatal side were observed about 3.83 times higher than the far-palatal side. Most of the mesiodens(82.1%) were in contact with adjacent permanent teeth on all three sides of the CBCT and 46.2% of mesiodens had curved roots. The patient's age, vertical position, presence of complications, and proximity showed a significant difference in the selection of general anesthesia among anesthetic methods. The direction and vertical position of mesiodens had a significant effect on complications. These results provide a better understanding of mesiodens for establishing an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.133-146
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• 2021

Aragonite is one of common polymorphs of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and formed via biological or physical processes through precipitation in many different environments including marine ecosystems. It is noted that aragonite formation and growth as well as the substitution of trace elements such as strontium (Sr) in the aragonite structure would be dependant on several key parameters such as concentrations of chemical species and temperature. In this study, properties of the incorporation of Sr into aragonite were investigated over a wide range of various saturation conditions and temperatures similar to the marine ecosystem. All pure aragonite samples were inorganically synthesized through a constant-addition method with varying concentrations of the reactive species ([Ca]=[CO₃] 0.01-1 M), injection rates of the reaction solution (0.085-17 mL/min), and solution temperatures (5-40 ℃). Pure aragonite was also formed even under the Sr incorporation conditions (0.02-0.5 M, 15-40 ℃). When temperature and saturation index (SI) with respect to aragonite increased, the crystallinity and the crystal size of aragonite increased indicating the growth of aragonite crystal. However, it was difficult to interpret the crystal growth rate because the crystal growth rate calculated using BET-specific surface area was significantly influenced by the crystal morphology. The distribution coefficient of Sr (K_Sr) into aragonite decreased from 2.37 to 1.57 with increasing concentrations of species (Ca²⁺ and CO₃^2-) at a range of 0.02-0.5 M. Similarly, it was also found that K_Sr decreased 1.90 to 1.54 at a range of 15-40 ℃. All K_Sr values are greater than 1, and the inverse correlation between the K_Sr and the crystal growth rate indicate that Sr incorporation into aragonite is in a compatible relationship.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2019

CdS and CdZnS/ZnO materials were prepared using precipitation method and used as photocatalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The prepared photocatalysts were also characterized by XRD and UV-vis DRS. The results indicated that the photocatalysts with intended crystalline structures were successfully obtained and both the CdS and CdZnS/ZnO can absorb visible light as well as UV. The photocatalytic activities were examined with the addition of scavenger for various active chemical species and the difference of reaction mechanisms over the catalysts were discussed. The $CH_3OH$, KI and p-benzoquinone were used as scavengers for ${\cdot}OH$ radical, photogenerated positive hole and ${\cdot}O_2{^-}$ radical, respectively. The CdS and CdZnS/ZnO showed different photocatalytic degradation mechanisms of RhB. It can be postulated that ${\cdot}O_2{^-}$ radical is the main active species for the reaction over CdS photocatalyst, while the photogenerated positive hole for CdZnS/ZnO photocatalyst. As a result, the predominant reaction pathways over CdS and CdZnS/ZnO photocatalysts were found to be the dealkylation of chromophore skeleton and the cleavage of the conjugated chromophore structure, respectively. The above results may be mainly ascribed to the difference of band edge potential of conduction and valence bands in CdS, CdZnS and ZnO semiconductors and the redox potentials for formation of active chemical species.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 2019

The number of domestic construction company is expanding every year while the construction workers' exposure to disaster risk is increasing due to technological advancements and popularity of high-rise buildings. In particular, the industry faces greater fatalities and severe large scale accidents because of construction industry characteristics including influx of foreign workers with different language and culture, large number of aged workers, outsourcing, high place work, heavy machine construction. The construction industry is labor-intensive, which is to be completed under given timeline and consists of unique working environment with a lot of night shifts. In addition, when a fixed construction budget is not secured, there is less investment in safety management resulting in poor risk management at the construction site. Taking account that the construction industry has higher accident risk rate and fatality rate, risky and unique working environment, and various labor pool from foreign to aged workers, preemptive safety management through risk factor identification is a mandatory requirement for the construction industry and site. The study analyzes about 8,500 cases of construction accidents that occurred over the past 10 years and identified risk factor by construction industry sector to secure a systematic insight for risk management. Based on interrelation analysis between accident types, work types, original cause materials and assailing materials, there is correlation between each analysis factor and work industry. Especially for work types, there is great correlation between work tasks and industry type. For reinforced concrete and earthwork are among the most frequent types of accidents, and they are not only high in frequency of accidents, but also have a high risk in categories of occurrence.

• The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.247-257
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• 2018

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the trend of the prevalences of atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) from 2011 to 2016~2017 in Korea. And, the risk factors of AG and IM were compared between 2011 and 2016~2017. Materials and Methods: A total of 4,023 subjects in 2011 and 2,506 subjects in 2016~2017 were enrolled. AG and IM were diagnosed on the basis of endoscopic findings. Multivariate analysis was performed for risk factors of AG and IM. Seventeen factors were analyzed. Results: The seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori decreased from 2011 (59.8%; 2,407/4,023) to 2016~2017 (51.6%; 1,293/2,506; P<0.001). The prevalence of AG decreased from 2011 to 2016~2017 (P=0.018), but that of IM increased (P<0.001). The risk factors of AG in 2011 were male sex, old age, H. pylori immuoglobulin G (IgG) positivity, family history of gastric cancer (GC), and high-salt diet. For IM in 2011, the risk factors were male sex, old age, H. pylori IgG positivity, and family history of GC. Risk factors of AG in 2016~2017 were old age, H. pylori IgG positivity, and country of residence. For IM in 2016~2017, the risk factors were male sex, old age, family history of GC, high fasting glucose level (${\geq}126mg/dL$), H. pylori IgG positivity, and low income level. Conclusions: The difference in prevalence trends of AG and IM between 2016~2017 and 2011 could be the result of the different risk factors of AG and IM, such as decreased prevalence of H. pylori infection.