• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the U.S. Coast Guard's origins and powers with respect to the warrantless searches of vessels at sea. In principle, searches and seizures of vessels at sea require a warrant. However, a ship at sea may easily slip away and destroy evidence while authorities attempt to get a warrant. Thus, warrantless searches and safety inspection need to be validated because of the exigent circumstances at the sea. There are also two kinds of exceptions that justify warrantless searches at sea namely, border searhes and administrative searches. These theories in the U.S. will be useful for legislation and law enforcement related to the Korea Coast Guard's mission.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2020.07a
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• pp.187-188
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• 2020

형사소송법 제106조에서 '범위를 정하여 출력 또는 복제하는 방법이 불가능하거나 압수의 목적을 달성하기에 현저히 곤란하다고 인정되는 때에는 정보저장매체 등을 압수할 수 있다'의 규정과 제122조에서 '급속을 요하는 때'의 예외 규정을 근거로 스마트폰 압수·수색과정에서 범죄혐의와 관련성에 대한 구분 없이 정보가 무분별하게 탐색 복제되는 등 기본권을 침해하고 있으며, 영장주의 원칙에 반하는 위법한 집행이 되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 긴급압수 후 사후영장 발부 전에 별건의 범죄혐의를 확인하거나 증거로 활용한다면 위법한 압수에 해당할 수 있는 디지털증거 압수·수색 원칙의 문제, 디지털정보의 검색과 추출과정에서 참여권 보장의 문제, 스마트폰 정보에 대한 무결성 확보 등을 문제점으로 도출하였다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 사전영장 없는 범죄사실과 관련성이 없는 정보의 탐색이나 추출 금지, 정보검색이나 추출과정에서 피압수자의 참여권 보장 및 디지털증거 분야 전문가로부터 조력을 받을 권리 보장, 무결성 확보를 위한 절차적·실체적 적법절차 준수 등 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.25
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• pp.103-133
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• 2004

Korean citizens enjoy not only the freedom of communication but also the secrecy of electronic communication. Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea prescribes that the secrecy of correspondence should not be infringed. Namely, all citizens enjoy guaranteed privacy of correspondence. But many people have been experiencing the infringement of those rights. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether Paragraph 2, Article 13 of the Act on Protection of the Secrecy of Correspondence infringes on the constitutional rights of privacy of electronic communication. The results of this study indicate that the law violates the Constitution. Paragraph 3, Article 12 (Personal Liberty, Personal Integrity) of the constitution stipulates that "Warrants issued by a judge through due process (upon the request of a prosecutor) have to be presented in case of arrest, detention, seizure, or search." However, prosecutors, the police, and National Intelligence Service have made numerous inquiries calling for the journalists' telephone records without warrants issued by a judge. So, this study suggests that the paragraph should be amended to be compatible with the Constitution. Meanwhile, journalists should make a more concerted effort to protect their news sources in exercising constitutionally protected freedom of the press.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.35-43
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• 2018

Currently, digital evidence takes judicial discretion in adopting it, which does not clarify the criteria for adoption, and it can shorten the analysis time of digital evidence with distributed processing techniques. However, due to the development of cryptographic techniques, there is a problem in that it is not suitable for the 48 hour limit of the warrant request. In this paper, we analyze the precedents for admissibility of evidence and the probative power in the civil/criminal proceedings, and discuss the need for objective and detailed adoption criteria to replace judicial discretion. In addition, we'd like to propose a preliminary application form for analysis of digital evidence as a problem for limit time for warrant claims from the perspective of forensics and a solution to the problem.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.44-53
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 그동안 축적된 디지털 증거 관련 판례를 분석하여 디지털 증거가 법정에서 유효하게 사용될 수 있는 증거 능력 요건을 검토하였다. 법정에 제출된 디지털 증거가 증거능력을 인정받기 위해서는 다음과 같은 요건을 충족해야 한다. 첫 번째 요건으로서 적법하게 수집된 증거이어야 한다. 영장주의에 위반하거나, 압수수색절차에 피압수자의 참여권을 보장하지 않은 경우에는 증거의 증거능력이 인정되지 않는다. 또한 그동안 논란이 되었던 별건정보도 앞서 살펴본바와 같이 대법원이 제시한 요건을 충족해야 한다. 두 번째 요건으로는 법정에 제출된 디지털 증거의 진정성이 인정되어야 한다. 대법원은 디지털 증거의 진정성이 인정되기 위해서는 무결성과 동일성, 신뢰성이 인정되어야 한다고 판시한바 있다. 세 번째 요건으로 법정에 제출된 증거가 전문증거인 경우에는 당사자의 동의가 없는 한 전문법칙의 예외에 해당되어야 한다. 2016년 5월 형사소송법 제313조가 개정되기 전에는 법정에 제출된 디지털 증거를 진술자가 진정성립을 부인하는 경우, 해당 문서가 업무상 필요로 작성한 통상문서나 기타 특히 신용할 만한 정황에 의하여 작성된 문서에 해당되지 않는 한 증거능력을 인정받을 수 없었다. 그러나 형사소송법 제313조 제2항의 개정으로 인하여 이제는 진술자가 진정성립을 부인하는 경우에도 "과학적 분석결과에 기초한 디지털 포렌식 자료, 감정 등 객관적 방법"에 의해 성립의 진정을 인정받을 수 있다. 과학적 분석결과에 기초한 디지털 포렌식 자료, 감정 등 객관적 방법에 대한 구체적인 내용은 앞으로 판례를 통해 정립해 나아가야 할 것이다.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.43
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• pp.231-257
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• 2015

Today, the international community make every effort to suppress security crimes, to provide numerous institutional strategies and to prevent security crimes such as the terrorism and spy. Particularly, developed countries in the field of security are strengthening related legislation under new-security conditions. Things work a little differently about security crimes because the nation's benefit and protection of the law is the basis of individual benefit and protection of the law under investigation procedure of the security crimes. Therefore they have policy that permits major investigative agency under the arrest and detention procedure(e.g. security and communication monitoring ${\ldots}$). Criminal procedure's improvement and reinforcement are very important for events related security. But, The investigation procedure between criminal offense and security crimes makes no odds in the Korea. Continuance of such a national mood will accuse of not responding appropriately in preparation for new-security conditions recently. To revise with international best security legislation, We should institute a proper registration system in Korea's situation. This study have been discussing how to improve related legislation under new-security conditions through the cases analysis of the arrest and detention procedure in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.446-454
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• 2012

This study discusses effective extraterritorial application of criminal Law outside the territorial sea. The paper focuses on the factual differences between vessels and cars which justify the varying standard. Thus, warrantless searches and safety inspection need to be validated because of the exigent circumstances of the sea. Warrantless searches at sea may also be justified based on border search exception. These theories in U. S. law will be helpful for legislation and law enforcement related to the Korean Coast Guard's mission. The paper also discusses Korean Coast Guard's Act's newly enacted provisions concerning search, arrest and hot pursuit.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.123-131
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• 2015

Bright development of information communication is caused by usabilities and another case to our society. That is, the surveillance which is unlimited to electronic equipment is becoming a transfiguration to a possible society, and there is case that was able to lay in another disasters if manage early error. Be what is living on at traps of surveillance through the Smart phones which a door of domicile is built, and the plane western part chaps, and we who live on in these societies are installed to several places, and closed-circuit cameras (CCTV-Closed Circuit Television) and individual use. On one hand, while the asset value which was special of enterprise for marketing to enterprise became while a collection was easily stored development of information communication and individual information, the early body which would collect illegally was increased, and affair actually very occurred related to this. An investigation agency is endeavored to be considered the digital trace that inquiry is happened by commission act to the how small extent which can take aim at a duty successful of the inquiry whether you can detect in this information society in order to look this up. Therefore, procedures to be essential now became while investigating affair that confiscation search regarding employment trace of a computer or the telephone which delinquent used was procedural, and decisive element became that dividing did success or failure of inquiry whether you can collect the act and deed which was these electronic enemy. By the way, at this time a lot of, in the investigation agencies the case which is performed comprehensively blooms attachment while rummaging, and attachment is trend apprehension to infringe discretion own arbitrary information rising. Therefore, a lot of nation is letting you come into being until language called exile 'cyber' while anxiety is exposed about comprehensive confiscation search of the former information which an investigation agency does. Will review whether or not there is to have to set up confiscation search ambit of electronic information at this respect how.