• Title/Summary/Keyword: 영상출력시스템

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A Study of Energy Dependency in Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy of Lung Cancer (폐암환자의 세기조절방사선치료에서 에너지에 따른 선량분포 특성 비교)

  • Kim, Sung-Kyu;Kim, Myung-Se;Yun, Sang-Mo
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.191-199
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    • 2008
  • PTV considered for the energy, dose distribution exposed to lung and spinal cord, and the characteristic of DVH(Dose Volume Histogram) were compared and investigated by planning the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using the photon energies of 6 MV and 10 MV according to tumor location like as the anterior, middle, and posterior regions of lung, and the mediastinum region in lung cancer patients. Our institution installed the linear accelerator (Varian 21 EX-s, USA) equipped with 120 multileaf collimator for lung cancer patients, which is producing the photon energies of 6 MV and 10 MV, and radiation therapy planning was performed with ECLIPSE system (Varian, SomaVision 6.5, USA), which support inverse treatment planning. The tomographic images of 3 mm slice thickness for lung cancer patients were acquired using planning CT, and acquired tomographic images were sent to the Varis system, and then treatment planning was performed in the ECLIPSE system. The radiation treatment planning of the IMRT was processed from various angles according to the regions of the tumor, and using various beam lines according to the size and location of the tumor. The investigation of the characteristic of dose distributions for the energy of 6 MV and 10 MV according to tumor locations in lung cancer patients resulted that the maximum dose of 10 MV energy was 1.2% less than that of 6 MV energy without depending on the tumor location of lung cancer, and the reduction effects of MU were occurred from 10 to 25 MU. Radiation dose exposed to the lung satisfied the less 30% of V20, however radiation dose in 6 MV energy was from 0.1% to 0.5% less than that in 10 MV energy. Radiation dose exposed to the spinal cord for 6 MV energy was from 0.6% to 2.1% less than that for 6 MV energy.

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Active Noise Control in Ductilike System using Adaptive Filtering (적응필터링에 의한 덕트계의 능동소음제어)

  • 이태연;김상명;송원식;오재응
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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    • 1991.04a
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 1991
  • 최근 기계장치로부터 발생하는 소음을 감소시키는 새로운 방법으로서, 능동 적으로 소음을 제어하는 방법에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이것은 원하지 않는 소음을 그 신호의 역위상을 갖는 부가음을 이용하여 능동적으 로 감쇠시키는 방법으로서, 저주파수 대역에서 비효율적인 수동적인 방법인 소음기둥에 대한 대안으로 많은 학자들의 관심의 대상이 되어 왔다. 초기에 는 소음을 줄이기 위해 요구되는 여러가지 음향요소의 전달함수를 제어하는 데 대한 불가능성으로 인해 능동 소음제어에 대한 실질적인 발전이 지연되 어 왔으나 최근 마이크로 컴퓨터를 비롯한 전자공학의 발전으로 인해 적응 신호처리 분야가 등장하게 되었으며, 음향계의 소음을 원하는 수준까지 제어 하는 능동 소음제어의 실시간 구현이 가능하게 되었다. 그 중에서도 음이 1 차원적으로 전파한다고 볼 수 있는 길이가 긴 덕트구조물에서의 능동 소음 제어는 가장 기본적이며 현실적으로 자동차 배기계나 냉동.공조설비에 있어 서 실용적으로 적용할 수 있는 문제임 만큼 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 능동 소음제어 방법을 음향계에 적용하였을 때, 부가적인 음을 발생 하는 제어용 스피커로 인해 입력마이크로폰으로의 음향궤환이 존재하고 이 에 따라 제어계가 불안정해질 수 있으며, 또한 변환기의 사용으로 인한 부가 적인 전달함수가 존재하므로 이에 대한 중요한 의미를 갖고 고려하여야 한 다. 본 연구에서는 적응 필터링 이론에 의한 소음원의 입력신호에 대한 최적 한 예측으로써 부가음을 발생시키고, 입력신호 및 제어된 출력신호간의 차인 오차를 최소화 시키도록 하는 오차적응제어법을 이용한 능동소음 제어 방법 을 제시하였다. 이와 아울러 제어계의 환경변화에 따른 파라메타의 변화에 적응적으로 응답이 가능해야 하는 적응 소음제어 시스템에서, 음향궤환과 함 께 필히 고려해야 하는 부가적인 전달함수의 영향을 고려한 능동 소음제어 에 대해 연구하였다. 경량화 추세에 따라 지반이나 케이싱이 경량이거나 유연하여 회전축과 동적으로 연성된 경우 회전축-베어링-지반으로 이루어진 2중구조의 회전축 계 동특성을 해석할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하므로서 회전 기계류의 진동 전반에 걸친 문제점에 대한 그 원인과 현상을 명확히 분석하여 국내의 전기 계류의 보다 신뢰성있는 설계 및 제작자료를 확보하는데 기여할 수 있게 하 였다.존의 small molecular Gd-chelate에 비해 매우 큼을 알 수 있었다. MnPC는 간세포에 흡수된 후 담도계로 배출되는 간특이성 조영제임을 확인하였다. 장비 내에서 반복 시행한 평균값의 차이는 대체적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 다른 장비에서 반복 시행한 장비간의 사이에는 유의한 차이가 있는 경우가 더 많았다. 따라서 , MRS 검사를 소뇌나 뇌교의 어떤 절환에 적용하기 전에 각 장비 마다 정상 기준치를 반드시 얻은 후에 이상여부를 판 정하는 것이 필수적이라고 생각된다.EX> 이상이 적절한 진단기준으로 생각되었다. $0.4{\;}\textrm{cm}^3$ 이상의 좌우 부피차를 보이는 모든 증례에서 육안적으로도 해마위축이 뚜렷이 나타났다. 결론 : MR영상을 이용한 해마의 부피측정은 해마경화증 환자의 진단에 있어 육안적인 MR 진단이 어려운 제한된 경우에만 실제적 도움을 줄 수 있는 보조적인 방법으로 생각된다.ofile whereas relaxivity at high field is not affected by τS. On the other hand, the change in τV does not affect low field profile but strongly in fluences on both inflection fie이 and the maximum relaxivity value. The results shows a fluences on both inflection field

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The Fabrication and Evaluation of HgI2 Semiconductor Detector as High Energy X-ray Dosimeter Application (고에너지 X선 선량계 적용을 위한 TiO2 첨가된 요오드화수은 반도체 검출기 제작 및 평가)

  • Choi, Il Hong;Noh, Sung Jin;Park, Jung Eun;Park, Ji Koon;Kang, Sang Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.8 no.7
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    • pp.383-387
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, for a new detection system development with the better accurate dose evaluation and beam distribution imaging using the small field irradiation of linear accelerator, the compound semiconductor based detection sensors were fabricated and the performance evaluation was investigated. The special particle-in-binder sedimentation was used for a large area film sensor fabrication. The detection properties for high energy x-rays were investigated from a dark current, an output current, a rising time, a falling time, and response delay measurement. The experimental results, the $TiO_2$ mixed $HgI_2$ sensor showed the best electrical characteristics than $PbI_2$, PbO, pure $HgI_2$. Linearity, repeatability, and accuracy tests from LINAC were tested, the $TiO_2$ mixed $HgI_2$ sensor showed the better performance than the commercially available dosimetry devices.

The Study of QoS Parameter Metrics For Efficient End-to-End QoS Management (효율적인 End-to-End QoS 관리를 위한 QoS 인자 Metrics 에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Sang-Young;Sohn, Jin-Ho;Ahn, Gae-Soon;Hwang, Sun-Ha;Chun, Tai-Myoung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2003.11b
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    • pp.907-910
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    • 2003
  • 이동통신 기술이 발전함에 따라 이동통신 네트워크를 통한 서비스들이 다양해지고, 사용자들의 수는 점점 늘어가고 있다. 또한 사용자들은 일반적으로 이동통신 서비스에 대해 유선 망과 동등한 수준의 품질을 기대한다. 그러나, 이동통신망은 유무선 통합망으로 구성되어 있으며, 이들 복잡한 구성을 갖는 네트워크에 대한 서비스 품질 보장은 유선망에 비해 훨씬 어렵다. 이의 결과로, 이동통신 서비스 네트워크의 트래픽은 과거에 비해 폭발적으로 증가하였다. 따라서, 네트워크 사업자와 서비스 제공자들은 서비스의 성능 문제에 직면하고 있으며, 네트워크 사업자나 서비스 제공자들은 효과적인 서비스 품질관리 기술을 강력하게 요구하고 있다. QoS 감시는 QoS 제공과 보장을 위한 기본적인 기술로서, 실제 네트워크에서 QoS 감시를 위해서는 네트워크 및 서비스 성능 인자들과 QoS 인자들의 관계를 식별해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 서비스와 네트워크 성능인자 그리고, QoS 인자들간의 관계를 QoS metrics로 정의하며, 각 인자들의 관계는 계층적인 그래프로 나타낸다. QoS metrics의 정의와 이에 따른 계층적 그래프의 구성을 통해 세 가지 이점을 기대 할 수 있다. 첫째, 네트워크 사업자들은 QoS 저하의 주요 원인을 신속하게 식별 할 수 있다. 둘째, 네트워크 사업자들과 서비스 제공자들은 주관적인 QoS 를 수치 적인 성능 지표를 통해 측정이 가능하다. 마지막으로, QoS metrics 는 네트워크 사업자들과 서비스 제공자들이 QoS 감시 활동의 결과에 따라 그들의 네트워크를 재구성하는 데 도움을 주며 E2E QoS 제공에 효율성을 가져다 준다.현을 정형화하기 위해 Oolong 코드의 명령어들을 문법으로 작성하였으며, PGS를 통해 생성된 어휘 정보를 가지고 스캐너를 구성하였으며, 파싱테이블을 가지고 파서를 설계하였다. 파서의 출력으로 AST가 생성되면 번역기는 AST를 탐색하면서 의미적으로 동등한 MSIL 코드를 생성하도록 시스템을 컴파일러 기법을 이용하여 모듈별로 구성하였다.적용하였다.n rate compared with conventional face recognition algorithms. 아니라 실내에서도 발생하고 있었다. 정량한 8개 화합물 각각과 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 스피어만 상관계수는 벤젠을 제외하고는 모두 유의하였다. 이중 톨루엔과 크실렌은 총 휘발성 유기화합물과 좋은 상관성 (톨루엔 0.76, 크실렌, 0.87)을 나타내었다. 이 연구는 톨루엔과 크실렌이 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 좋은 지표를 사용될 있고, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 크실렌 등 많은 휘발성 유기화합물의 발생원은 실외뿐 아니라 실내에도 있음을 나타내고 있다.>10)의 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 얻었다. 결론: $^{18}O(p,n)^{18}F$ 핵반응을 이용하여 친전자성 방사성동위원소 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 생산하였다. 표적 챔버는 알루미늄으로 제작하였으며 본 연구에서 연구된 $[^{18}F]F_2$가스는 친핵성 치환반응으로 방사성동위원소를 도입하기 어려운 다양한 방사성의 약품개발에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.었으나 움직임 보정 후 영상을 이용하여 비교한 경우, 결합능 변화가 선조체 영역에서 국한되어 나타나며 그 유

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A 12b 100MS/s 1V 24mW 0.13um CMOS ADC for Low-Power Mobile Applications (저전력 모바일 응용을 위한 12비트 100MS/s 1V 24mW 0.13um CMOS A/D 변환기)

  • Park, Seung-Jae;Koo, Byeong-Woo;Lee, Seung-Hoon
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.47 no.8
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    • pp.56-63
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    • 2010
  • This work proposes a 12b 100MS/s 0.13um CMOS pipeline ADC for battery-powered mobile video applications such as DVB-Handheld (DVB-H), DVB-Terrestrial (DVB-T), Satellite DMB (SDMB), and Terrestrial DMB (TDMB) requiring high resolution, low power, and small size at high speed. The proposed ADC employs a three-step pipeline architecture to optimize power consumption and chip area at the target resolution and sampling rate. A single shared and switched op-amp for two MDACs removes a memory effect and a switching time delay, resulting in a fast signal settling. A two-step reference selection scheme for the last-stage 6b FLASH ADC reduces power consumption and chip area by 50%. The prototype ADC in a 0.13um 1P7M CMOS technology demonstrates a measured DNL and INL within 0.40LSB and 1.79LSB, respectively. The ADC shows a maximum SNDR of 60.0dB and a maximum SFDR of 72.4dB at 100MS/s, respectively. The ADC with an active die area of 0.92 $mm^2$ consumes 24mW at 1.0V and 100MS/s. The FOM, power/($f_s{\times}2^{ENOB}$), of 0.29pJ/conv. is the lowest of ever reported 12b 100MS/s ADCs.

Implementation of Non-Stringed Guitar Based on Physical Modeling Synthesis (물리적 모델링 합성법에 기반을 둔 줄 없는 기타 구현)

  • Kang, Myeong-Su;Cho, Sang-Jin;Chong, Ui-Pil
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.119-126
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    • 2009
  • This paper describes the non-stringed guitar composed of laser strings, frets, sound synthesis algorithm and a processor. The laser strings that can depict stroke and playing arpeggios comprise laser modules and photo diodes. Frets are implemented by voltage divider. The guitar body does not need to implement physically because commuted waveguide synthesis is used. The proposed frets enable; players to represent all of chords by the chord glove as well as guitar solo. Sliding, hammering-on and pulling-off sounds are synthesized by using parameters from the voltage divider. Because the pitch shifting corresponds to the time-varying propagation speed in the digital waveguide model, the proposed model can synthesize vibrato as well. After transformation of signals from the laser strings and frets into parameters for synthesis algorithm, the digital signal processor, TMS320F2812, performs the real-time synthesis algorithm and communicates with the DAC. The demonstration movieclip available via the Internet shows one to play a song, 'Arirang', synthesized by proposed algorithm and interfaces in real-time. Consequently, we can conclude that the proposed synthesis algorithm is efficient in guitar solo and there is no problem to play the non-stringed guitar in real-time.

A 10b 200MS/s 75.6mW $0.76mm^2$ 65nm CMOS Pipeline ADC for HDTV Applications (HDTV 응용을 위한 10비트 200MS/s 75.6mW $0.76mm^2$ 65nm CMOS 파이프라인 A/D 변환기)

  • Park, Beom-Soo;Kim, Young-Ju;Park, Seung-Jae;Lee, Seung-Hoon
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.60-68
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    • 2009
  • This work proposes a 10b 200MS/s 65nm CMOS ADC for high-definition video systems such as HDTV requiring high resolution and fast operating speed simultaneously. The proposed ADC employs a four-step pipeline architecture to minimize power consumption and chip area. The input SHA based on four capacitors reduces the output signal range from $1.4V_{p-p}$ to $1.0V_{p-p}$ considering high input signal levels at a low supply voltage of 1.2V. The proposed three-stage amplifiers in the input SHA and MDAC1 overcome the low output resistance problem as commonly observed in a 65nm CMOS process. The proposed multipath frequency-compensation technique enables the conventional RNMC based three-stage amplifiers to achieve a stable operation at a high sampling rate of 200MS/s. The conventional switched-bias power-reduction technique in the sub-ranging flash ADCs further reduces power consumption while the reference generator integrated on chip with optional off-chip reference voltages allows versatile system a locations. The prototype ADC in a 65nm CMOS technology demonstrates a measured DNL and INL within 0.19LSB and 0.61LSB, respectively. The ADC shows a maximum SNDR of 54.BdB and 52.4dB and a maximum SFDR of 72.9dB and 64.8dB at 150MS/S and 200MS/s, respectively. The proposed ADC occupies an active die area of $0.76mm^2$ and consumes 75.6mW at a 1.2V supply voltage.

Development of Position Encoding Circuit for a Multi-Anode Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube (다중양극 위치민감형 광전자증배관을 위한 위치검출회로 개발)

  • Kwon, Sun-Il;Hong, Seong-Jong;Ito, Mikiko;Yoon, Hyun-Suk;Lee, Geon-Song;Sim, Kwang-Souk;Rhee, June-Tak;Lee, Dong-Soo;Lee, Jae-Sung
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.469-477
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: The goal of this paper is to present the design and performance of a position encoding circuit for $16{\times}16$ array of position sensitive multi-anode photomultiplier tube for small animal PET scanners. This circuit which reduces the number of readout channels from 256 to 4 channels is based on a charge division method utilizing a resistor array. Materials and Methods: The position encoding circuit was simulated with PSpice before fabrication. The position encoding circuit reads out the signals from H9500 flat panel PMTs (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Japan) on which $1.5{\times}1.5{\times}7.0\;mm^3$ $L_{0.9}GSO$ ($Lu_{1.8}Gd_{0.2}SiO_{5}:Ce$) crystals were mounted. For coincidence detection, two different PET modules were used. One PET module consisted of a $29{\times}29\;L_{0.9}GSO$ crystal layer, and the other PET module two $28{\times}28$ and $29{\times}29\;L_{0.9}GSO$ crystal layers which have relative offsets by half a crystal pitch in x- and y-directions. The crystal mapping algorithm was also developed to identify crystals. Results: Each crystal was clearly visible in flood images. The crystal identification capability was enhanced further by changing the values of resistors near the edge of the resistor array. Energy resolutions of individual crystal were about 11.6%(SD 1.6). The flood images were segmented well with the proposed crystal mapping algorithm. Conclusion: The position encoding circuit resulted in a clear separation of crystals and sufficient energy resolutions with H9500 flat-panel PMT and $L_{0.9}GSO$ crystals. This circuit is good enough for use in small animal PET scanners.

Development of Preliminary Quality Assurance Software for $GafChromic^{(R)}$ EBT2 Film Dosimetry ($GafChromic^{(R)}$ EBT2 Film Dosimetry를 위한 품질 관리용 초기 프로그램 개발)

  • Park, Ji-Yeon;Lee, Jeong-Woo;Choi, Kyoung-Sik;Hong, Semie;Park, Byung-Moon;Bae, Yong-Ki;Jung, Won-Gyun;Suh, Tae-Suk
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 2010
  • Software for GafChromic EBT2 film dosimetry was developed in this study. The software provides film calibration functions based on color channels, which are categorized depending on the colors red, green, blue, and gray. Evaluations of the correction effects for light scattering of a flat-bed scanner and thickness differences of the active layer are available. Dosimetric results from EBT2 films can be compared with those from the treatment planning system ECLIPSE or the two-dimensional ionization chamber array MatriXX. Dose verification using EBT2 films is implemented by carrying out the following procedures: file import, noise filtering, background correction and active layer correction, dose calculation, and evaluation. The relative and absolute background corrections are selectively applied. The calibration results and fitting equation for the sensitometric curve are exported to files. After two different types of dose matrixes are aligned through the interpolation of spatial pixel spacing, interactive translation, and rotation, profiles and isodose curves are compared. In addition, the gamma index and gamma histogram are analyzed according to the determined criteria of distance-to-agreement and dose difference. The performance evaluations were achieved by dose verification in the $60^{\circ}$-enhanced dynamic wedged field and intensity-modulated (IM) beams for prostate cancer. All pass ratios for the two types of tests showed more than 99% in the evaluation, and a gamma histogram with 3 mm and 3% criteria was used. The software was developed for use in routine periodic quality assurance and complex IM beam verification. It can also be used as a dedicated radiochromic film software tool for analyzing dose distribution.

Business Application of Convolutional Neural Networks for Apparel Classification Using Runway Image (합성곱 신경망의 비지니스 응용: 런웨이 이미지를 사용한 의류 분류를 중심으로)

  • Seo, Yian;Shin, Kyung-shik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 2018
  • Large amount of data is now available for research and business sectors to extract knowledge from it. This data can be in the form of unstructured data such as audio, text, and image data and can be analyzed by deep learning methodology. Deep learning is now widely used for various estimation, classification, and prediction problems. Especially, fashion business adopts deep learning techniques for apparel recognition, apparel search and retrieval engine, and automatic product recommendation. The core model of these applications is the image classification using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). CNN is made up of neurons which learn parameters such as weights while inputs come through and reach outputs. CNN has layer structure which is best suited for image classification as it is comprised of convolutional layer for generating feature maps, pooling layer for reducing the dimensionality of feature maps, and fully-connected layer for classifying the extracted features. However, most of the classification models have been trained using online product image, which is taken under controlled situation such as apparel image itself or professional model wearing apparel. This image may not be an effective way to train the classification model considering the situation when one might want to classify street fashion image or walking image, which is taken in uncontrolled situation and involves people's movement and unexpected pose. Therefore, we propose to train the model with runway apparel image dataset which captures mobility. This will allow the classification model to be trained with far more variable data and enhance the adaptation with diverse query image. To achieve both convergence and generalization of the model, we apply Transfer Learning on our training network. As Transfer Learning in CNN is composed of pre-training and fine-tuning stages, we divide the training step into two. First, we pre-train our architecture with large-scale dataset, ImageNet dataset, which consists of 1.2 million images with 1000 categories including animals, plants, activities, materials, instrumentations, scenes, and foods. We use GoogLeNet for our main architecture as it has achieved great accuracy with efficiency in ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC). Second, we fine-tune the network with our own runway image dataset. For the runway image dataset, we could not find any previously and publicly made dataset, so we collect the dataset from Google Image Search attaining 2426 images of 32 major fashion brands including Anna Molinari, Balenciaga, Balmain, Brioni, Burberry, Celine, Chanel, Chloe, Christian Dior, Cividini, Dolce and Gabbana, Emilio Pucci, Ermenegildo, Fendi, Giuliana Teso, Gucci, Issey Miyake, Kenzo, Leonard, Louis Vuitton, Marc Jacobs, Marni, Max Mara, Missoni, Moschino, Ralph Lauren, Roberto Cavalli, Sonia Rykiel, Stella McCartney, Valentino, Versace, and Yve Saint Laurent. We perform 10-folded experiments to consider the random generation of training data, and our proposed model has achieved accuracy of 67.2% on final test. Our research suggests several advantages over previous related studies as to our best knowledge, there haven't been any previous studies which trained the network for apparel image classification based on runway image dataset. We suggest the idea of training model with image capturing all the possible postures, which is denoted as mobility, by using our own runway apparel image dataset. Moreover, by applying Transfer Learning and using checkpoint and parameters provided by Tensorflow Slim, we could save time spent on training the classification model as taking 6 minutes per experiment to train the classifier. This model can be used in many business applications where the query image can be runway image, product image, or street fashion image. To be specific, runway query image can be used for mobile application service during fashion week to facilitate brand search, street style query image can be classified during fashion editorial task to classify and label the brand or style, and website query image can be processed by e-commerce multi-complex service providing item information or recommending similar item.