• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-87
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• 1984

The earliest memories and dreams have been investigated in many aspects; biological, psychological, statistical, and psychotherapeutic, in psychiatric field. The approach methods to these psychic contents are innumerable according to the schools, the collector's attitudes to these materials, the collecting methods and the variable factors of the reporter. In this study the author attempted to compare the distribution of the aggression and dependency themes in these psychic contents among groups of different sexes and clinical diagnoses. In this purpose the author devised new scales, the Aggression and the Dependency Scales for the earliest memories and dreams which are composed of 12-theme classes, according to 3 aspects of the ego attitudes and 4 degrees of the intensity of drives. The scales were tested on a series of the earliest memories and dreams from 100 male medical students by two raters. The interrater reliabilities, measured by kappa method, were all significant at better than the .001 level. The author collected the reports of the earliest memories and dreams from 293 schizophrenics (161 males and 132 females) and 301 neurotics (164 males and 137 females) who were either outpatients or inpatients of 5 general hospitals and 2 private neurospychiatric clinics and from 310 controls (169 males and 141 females) who were either students, housewives or employees in Taegu area during the periods from March to August, 1980 and from April to August, 1983. The author compared the contents of the earliest memories and dreams from these 3 clinical groups on the newly devised scales and the results could be summarized as follows: In general, the contents of the earliest memories showed more differences among diagnostically different groups, while the contents of dreams showed more differences among sexually different groups. The dependency themes were more frequent than the aggression thems in all groups. The aggression themes were more frequent in dreams than in the earliest memories. Of the earliest memory themes, the distribution of the aggression themes was different among clinical groups, i.e., most frequent in schizophrenics, next in neurotics, and least in controls. The distribution of the dependency themes was in reverse order. Attitudes of being attacked were more frequent in schizophrenics. Observing attitudes of dependency need were more frequent in neurotics while gratifying attitudes were more frequent in controls. Highest degrees of aggression and delpendency were more frequent in neurotics. In the distribution of the dream themes, there were some differences among male and female schizophrenics. Aggression themes, especially active and the highest degree of aggression, were more frequent in male sclizophrenics, while dependency themes, especially frustrated themes, were more frequent in female schizophrenics. Among 3 clinical groups, observing attitudes of dependency need were more frequent in female groups, while gratifying attitudes were more frequent in male groups.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.369-379
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• 1993

The bone mineral density(BMD) of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) was measured by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(Norland XR26 DEXA) in 80 children aged between 2months and 15years (group 1 : 2month-1years, group 2 : 1year-5years, group 3 : 6years-10years, group 4 : 11years-15years). The correlation coefficient of BMD with age, body weight, height and Tanner stage were 0.696, 0.693, 0.717 and 0.636 respectively. There were significant difference in BMD($g/cm^2$) between group 1(BMD : $0.335{\pm}0.175$) and group 2(BMD : $0.627{\pm}0.200$). and group 3(BMD : $0.714{\pm}0.189$) and group 4(BMD : $0.873{\pm}0.163$)(P<0.05). There was no significant difference of BMD between boys and girls(P<0.05). BMD also increased significantly with development of Tanner stages(Tanner stage 1 : $0.547{\pm}0.234$, Tanner stage 2 : $0.783{\pm}0.136$, Tanner stage 3 : $0.998{\pm}0.080$ )(P<0.05). These data indicate that the BMD was correlated with age, body weight, height and Tanner stage significantly and BMD increased significantly during growth spurt occured in 1 to 4years of age and puberty.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.644-652
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• 2007

In this study, we examined family history of chronic diseases, food group intake and physical activity in $5^{th}\;and\; 6^{th}$ grade elementary school children. Food group intake was compared with the KDRI food guides for children. The measurements of daily physical activity, television viewing, computer use, and daily servings of five food groups, including grains, meats, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables, were based on child and parent self-reports. As indices of obesity, the obesity index(%) and BMI(Body Mass Index) were used. The results were as follows. In boys, 83.2% were normal weight with 7.4% slightly obese, 7.4% moderately obese, and 2.0 were highly obese while the percentages of normal and slightly obese in girls were 89.9% and 6.2% respectively (p<0.05). The boys had more hours of daily physical activity(p<0.05) and more hours of computer usage(Internet searching or games)(p<0.05) than the girls. Slightly over 50% of the subjects met the daily recommended servings of grains, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables according to the KDRI food guides. However, only 26% of boys and 27% of girls met the recommended daily servings of protein foods such as meats, beans, and eggs. Thirty two percent(32%) of girls consumed high fat snacks everyday while 32% consumed high sugar snacks every day. The girls consumed more vegetables(p<0.05) and more high sugar snacks(p<0.05) than the boys. The children with family histories of obesity showed greater obesity rates(p<0.05) and sedentary lifestyles(p< 0.05) than those children without a family history of obesity. Children with family histories of high blood pressure consumed more sewings of vegetables and high fat snacks than the controls(p<0.05). The children with family histories of obesity consumed more high sugar or high fat snacks than the controls(p<0.05).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.509-517
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• 2009

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai CAB109 isolated in Korea is known active against Spodoptera sp.. Especially, B. thuringiensis aizawai CAB109 isolates showed 100% mortality against Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua. To screen highly active B. thuringiensis, the pathogenicity of B. thuringiensis CAB109 was compared with that of commercialized B. thuringiensis products. $LC_{50}$ values of CAB109, product TB-WP and product SC strains of B. thuringiensis were $1.3{\times}10^5$, $2.3{\times}10^6$ and $5.2{\times}10^5\;cfu/ml$ against the 2nd larva of S. litura and $1.8{\times}10^4$, $1.3{\times}10^6$ and $1.5{\times}10^6\;cfu/ml$ against the 2nd larva S. exigua, respectively. To determine new gene's existence and absence, the plasmid DNA was extracted, and compared to that of B.t. aizawai HD-133. Both B. thuringiensis were not like plasmid DNA pattern. PCR technique was used to predict both plasmid DNA's cry gene. PCR products analysis showed that B.t. CAB109 harbor Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1C and Cry1D and B.t. HD-133 has Cry1Aa and Cry1Ab, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.215-225
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• 2013

To assess the efficacy of nematicides for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes in fruit and vegetables fields, soil samples were collected from a cucumber field at Gongju; from strawberry fields at Buyeo, Nonsan, and Jinju; and from a melon field at Gocksung in Jeonnam Province, Korea. Plant-parasitic nematodes were separated from each soil sample and identified. The susceptibilities of the nematodes to abamectin 1.68% SC, cadusafos 3% GR, dazomet 98% GR, fosthiazate 30% SL and BA12011 SL were examined under laboratory and field conditions. The average population density of plant-parasitic nematodes was generally reduced after the treatment with nematicides; however, there was increase in the population of Pratylenchus spp. in soil after treatment with fosthiazate at Buyeo and Gocksung. Furthermore, there were increased populations following treatment with abamectin, cadusafos, and dazomet at Gocksung. The control effects of BA12011 treatment on plant-parasitic nematodes were confirmed to be similar to those of the other 4 nematicides evaluated, although its control effect was higher than that of fosthiazate in cucumber-growing soil at Gongju. The effects of nematicide treatment on egg mass formation in each of the collected soils differed according to the region of soil origin. Abamectin was effective in reducing the degree of egg mass formation in Buyeo and Jinju soil, whereas BA12011 was effective in Nonsan and Gocksung soil. Dazomet was found to inhibit egg mass formation in Gongju soil. To evaluate the effect of the newly developed nematicide, BA12011, experiments were conducted in a cucumber-growing greenhouse. The average population densities of Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., and Helicotylenchus spp. after the first treatment were reduced to a greater extent than after the second treatment. It is thus suggested that early nematicide treatment is important for effective control of plant-parasitic nematodes.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2006

Background: Malignant pulmonary nodules account for about 30 to 40 percent of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN). Therefore, tissue characterization of SPNs is very important. Recently, PET/CT has been widely used for tissue characterization, and has become of importance. The purpose of this study was to compare and to assess multiple factors in PET/CT comparing benign and malignant nodules. Materials and Method: Nineteen patients with SPN underwent PET/CT and biopsy. The difference of standardized uptake value 1 (SUV1), standardized uptake value 2 (SUV2) and retention index in PET/CT between malignancy and benignancy were compared by Levene's test. Result: There were twelve malignant and seven benign nodules. SUV1 and SUV2 were significantly different between malignant nodule and benign nodule (p=0.006 and 0.022), but retention index was not significantly different between malignant nodule and benign nodule (p=0.526). By receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis, the sensitivity was 66.7% and the specificity was 71.4% at a cut off value of 5.40 in SUV1. The sensitivity was 75% and the specificity was 71.4% at cut off value of 7.45 in SUV2. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference in SUV1 and SUV2 between benign and malignant nodules. However, the cut off value of SUV1 and SUV2 by receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis was 5.40 and 7.45 which is different from previous studies. Therefore, studies on a larger sample of patients are required for confirmation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 1991

The purpose of the this study was to assess the morbidity pattern of urban residents in the poor area by health screening for the community diagnosis. The items of health screening were history taking and physical examination by medical doctor and hearing test, check blood pressure, test for hematocrit, liver function(sGOT, sGPT), urine sugar and protein, and chest X-ray. The examinee in health screening were 437 persons and they occupied 16.9% of total residents in the poor area. Male examinee were 129 persons(9.9% of total residents) and female examinee were 308 persons(23.9% of total residents). Age group of above sixty years old, 42.0% of total residents in the poor area were participated, but only 5.9% were participated in age group of 10 to 19 years old. Among the 437 examinee, 191 persons(43.7%) had one or more abnormal findings in health screening. In male 38.7% had abnormal findings, and some what lower than that of female(45.8%). Age group of above sixty years had most high rate of abnormal findings(69.8%), in contrast to age group of 10 to 19 years old (10.9%). Diseases of the digestive system was the most common and which occupies 23.7% of total abnormal findings. And diseases of the circulatory system occupied 19.7%. Low hematocrit(14.6% of total participants of 437 persons) occupies the most common abnormal findings for screening test(hematocrit, blood pressure, hearing test, sGOT/sGPT, urine protein and urine sugar, chest X-ray) and high blood pressure(10.1%) occupied second, third; hearing impairment (5.5%), fourth ; abnormal liver function (4.1%), fifth ; sugar in urine (2.3%), sixth ; protein in urine(1.4%) and lastly abnormal chest X-ray (0.9%). The positive rate of abnormal findings in health screening was very high compared with morbidity rate by health interview. It is supposed that some portion of this high rate is by selection bias in examinee in health screening specially high participating rate in older age, and the other portion is due to the low socioecomic status and bad environment of the residents of the poor area. These findings will be good information for the research and development of health care system in the urban poor area.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 1991

To determine the incidence rate of accidents and its associated factors, a prospective survey was carried out in a rural area of a total of 1,360 residents for 1 year from January 1 to December 31, 1988 in Shin-am Ri, Jungdong Myun, Sangju Kun, Kyungpook Province. Data for accidents were collected by the community health practitioner who is working at Primary Health Post in Shin-am Ri. A total number of accident cases was 85 among 1,360 persons during one year study period, and annual incidence rate was 62.5 per 1,000 persons. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in the age group of 30-39 was 179.8. The incidence rate of accident in male was 86.5 which was about 2 times that in female. In male, the highest incidence rate was seen in 30-39 age group and in female, 60-69 age group. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in spring(29.4%) and summer(29.4%), and the lowest in fall(17.7%). The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in Friday(24.5%) by day of week, and between 9 a.m. to 12 a.m. by time zone. The most frequent use of medical facilities was Primary Health Post(51.8%) and the next was clinic(38.8%). Mean duration of treatment was 9.8 days. The accident occured in the room and kitchen(23.5%), in the yard and barn(23.5%), on the road(22.4%). and in the rice field and dry field(20.0%). The causes of accident were motor vehicle accident(20.0%), piercing or cutting(20.0%), collision or fighting(12.9%), and poisoning(11.8%) in order of frequency. The most common type of injury was open wound which was 43.5%. The most common tool of accident was farm machine which was 23.5%. The most common injuried part of body was extremity(55.3%).

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2000

Background: Echocardiography is rapidly establishing itself as the primary diagnostic technique for investigation of children with heart diseases, and referrals are increasing to the pediatric cardiology clinic for investigation. However, because there is a lack of analyzed data on the patients referred to the pediatric cardiology clinics, we have proceeded to compare and analyze their characteristics to provide basic data base. Methods: From Oct. 1, 1998 to Jul. 10, 1999, total 443 cases referred to the pediatric cardiology clinic of Yeungnam University Hospital were studied retrospectively by medical records, chest X-ray, EKG and echocardiography, etc. Results: The results were as follows. 1. The proportion of male was 61.0%(261 cases) and that of female was 39.0%(67 cases). The ratio of male to female was 1.6:1. The proportion infants less than 1 year-old was 62.6% (26R cases) of all patients. 2. Cardiac murmur was present in 248 cases(57.9%), which was the most common case of referral ed to the pediatric cardiology clinic. The impression at referral was more congenital heart disease(70.6%) than acquired heart disease(17.8%) and arrhythmia01.6%). 3. The final diagnosis was as follows : congenital heart disease was present in 212 cases(49.5%), acquired heart disease, 59 cases(13.9%); arrhythmia. 13 cases(3.0%); normal heart. 144 cases(33.6%). Conclusion: Among the patients referred to pediatric cardiology clinic, 33.6%(144 cases) had normal hearts and why these patients were referred may be possibly due to more dependence on echocardiography than on auscultation instruction. Therefore, clinical and auscultatory skill should be emphasized to minimize dependence on expensive echocardiography for evaluation of pediatric heart disease.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was a phantom study to measure the diffusion properties of water molecules by steady-state free precession diffusion-weighted imaging (SSFP- DWI) with a low b-value and to determine if this sequence might be useful for application to the evaluation of bone marrow pathology. Materials and methods : 1. The phantom study: A phantom study using two diffusion weighted sequences for the evaluation of the diffusion coefficient was performed. Three water-containing cylinders at different temperatures were designed: phantom A was $3^{\circ}C$, B was $23^{\circ}C$ and C was $63^{\circ}C$. Both SSFP and echo planar imaging (EPI) sequences (b-value: $1000s/mm^2$) were performed for comparison of the diffusion properties. The Signal to noise ratios (SNR) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the three phantoms using each diffusion-weighted sequence were assessed. 2. The Clinical study: SSFP-DWI was performed in 28 patients [sacral insufficiency fractures (10), osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures (10), malignant compression fractures (8)]. To measure the ADC maps, a diffusion-weighted single shot stimulated echo-acquisition mode sequence ($650s/mm^2$) was obtained using the same 1.5-T MR imager Results : For the phantom study, the signal intensity on the SSFP as well as the classic EPI-based DWI was decreased as the temperature increased in phantom A to C. The ADC values of the phantoms on EPI-DWI were $0.13{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$ in phantom A, $0.22{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$ in B and $0.37{\times}10^{-3}mm^2/s$. in C. The SSFP can be regarded as a DWI sequence in view of the series of signal decreases. Conclusion : Bone marrow pathologies with different diffusion coefficients were evaluated by SSFP-DWI. All benign fractures were hypointense compared to the adjacent normal bone marrow where as the malignant fractures were hyperintense compared to the adjacent normal bone marrow.