• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.463-464
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• 2008

한국산 약용광물로부터 얻은 미네랄 혼합물이 실험쥐의 알레르기성 염증에 미치는 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 혈청 IgE 농도, 염증성 cytokine 농도, 히스타민 방출정도를 측정하였다. 알부민으로 알레르기성 염증을 유도한 실험쥐에 광물성 미네랄을 처리한 결과 혈청 IgE의 농도가 현저히 감소하였다. 또한 실험쥐 기관지 폐포 세척액의 염증성 cytokine의 농도도 크게 감소하였다. 알부민으로 알레르기성 염증을 유도한 쥐의 폐 조직내 염증세포의 침윤을 확인한 결과 광물성 미네랄을 처리한 쥐의 폐 조직에서는 염증 세포수가 거의 정상군 수준으로 감소하였다. 쥐의 호염기성 백혈병 세포에 anti-DNP-IgE를 감작시킨 후 광물성 미네랄을 처리하고 히스타민 방출양을 측정한 결과 히스타민 방출이 크게 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 한국산 약용광물의 미네랄이 실험쥐의 알레르기 염증을 억제하는 효과가 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1310-1314
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• 2011

Anti-inflammatory activities of septicine, a natural alkaloid product present in the leaves and stems of Tylophora ovata, were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages, RAW264.7 cells. Treatment with septicine inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin-6 production in a concentration-dependant manner. In addition, septicine suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activities of septicine might be attributed to the inhibition of NO, iNOS and cytokine expression.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.221-231
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• 2007

목 적 : 본 연구의 목적은 시상하부에서 침처치에 대한 nitric oxide synthase (NOS)발현을 nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d)를 이용한 조직화학 염색법으로 관찰하였다. 실험방법 : 동물은 Balb/c (wild type) 와 Stat 4 knockout (KO) 생쥐를 사용하였다. 염증유도는 1% carrageenan 용액 (20ul/마리)을 발 뒤꿈치 표피에 주사하였고, 침 처치는 족삼리 (ST36)에 시침하였다. 침 처치 후 5시간까지 부종율을 부종측정기로 측정하였으며, 마지막으로 부종을 측정한 후 동물을 희생하여 뇌를 적출하여 고정하였다. 침에 대한 효과를 확인하기 위하여 NADPH-d 반응의 조직염색을 실시하였다. 염증유도와 그룹간의 유의성 검증은 one-way ANOVA를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 대조군인 Balb/c와 실험군인 stat4 KO 생쥐를 carrageenan으로 염증을 유도시에 대조군은 90%이상 유도된 반면, Stat4 KO 그룹은 50% 정도의 염증만이 유도되었다. 염증을 유도한 생쥐의 족삼리에 침 처치시 대조군은 1시간에서 약 40%정도 감소하였고 (P<0.05), Stat4 KO 실험군은 유의한 염증 감소율을 보이지 않았다. 시상하부의 lateral hypothalamic area (LHA)와 paraventricular nucleus (PVN)부위의 침에 대한 효과를 NADPH-d 에 양성으로 반응하는 세포수로 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) 대조군에서 염증 유도시 시상하부의 PVN는 NADPH-d 양성세포수가 감소하였고, LHA에서는 증가하였다. (2) 염증을 유도한 대조군에 침을 처치시 PVN은 세포수가 증가하였고, LHA에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. (3) 염증을 유도한 Stat4 KO 군에서는 시상하부의 PVN과 LHA부위 모두에서 NADPH-d 양성세포수가 감소하였고, 염증유도그룹에 침을 처치시 PVN과 LHA부위 모두에서 세포수가 증가함을 관찰 할 수 있었다. (4) 대조군과 실험군 모두에 salicylic acid로 비교하였더니 염증유도 효과 및 NADPH-d 세포 수에서 침 처치와 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 결 론 : 침은 염증을 유도한 생쥐에서 염증 감소에 유의한 효과가 있다. 염증을 유도한 Balb/c 와 Stat4 KO 생쥐에 침을 처치 시 시상하부의 NADPH-d 발현이 LHA부위와 PVN에서 서로 다르게 나타나는 것으로 나타난다. 이러한 현상은 침 효과가 시상하부의 위치에 대한 작용이 다르기 때문이라고 생각된다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2020

Lathyrus palustris often used as a treatment for inflammation of the kidneys in Korean traditional medication. Generally, drugs for arthritis have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. However, the validity of the anti-inflammatory effect has not been scientifically investigated so far. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to investigate the latent anti-inflammatory ability of L. palustris using the ethanol extract. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities, we examined the inflammatory arbitrators such as a nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) on RAW 264.7 cells. Our results indicated that ethanol extract significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide E (LPS) derived PGE₂ production in RAW 264.7 cell. The inhibitory activity of ethanol extract for PGE₂ tests with inhibition ratio showed in 40 ㎍/mL. Overall, PGE₂ tests had a higher inhibitory effect on inflammation than NO tests. This result anticipated that the ethanol extract from L. palustris is a good candidate for developing the origin of anti-inflammatory agents.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.5-9
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• 2005

비만은 제2형 당뇨병, 심혈관계 질환, 그리고 암을 비롯해 각종 질병의 위험인자로 작용한다. 비만은 낮은 수준의 전신성 염증상태로 간주되며, 비만시 증가하는 염증성 분자는 제2형 당뇨병 또는 동맥경화등의 비만성 질병 발생과정에 깊이 관여한다. 따라서, 염증제어는 비만성 질환제어를 위해 매우 중요하다. 지방세포 비대에 따른 지방세포 기능이상은 아디포사이토카인의 분비 이상을 초래하고, 비만성 질환의 발생 및 촉진자로 작용한다. 비만환자에게서의 MCP-1과 같은 염증성 아디포사이토카인의 분비 제어는 비만성 질환을 예방하거나, 또는 질병 발생 및 진행을 지연시키는 전략적 가치가 있을 것으로 사료된다. 지방세포가 분비하는 케모카인 가운데 MCP-1은 비대한 지방조직내로의 대식세포의 침윤 및 활성화를 유도하며, 특히 비대한 지방조직에서의 염증반응을 증폭시키는 역할을 한다. MCP-1은 내 장지 방조직에서 특히 그 분비량이 높았고, 따라서, 복부비만 관련 질환의 타겟분자로서 가치가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한, MCP-1 작용을 저해하는 항염증성 phytochemical은 비만으로 인한 염증성 질환의 발생을 지연시키거나, 즉 예방적인 차원에서 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.69-74
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• 2023

This paper was conducted to examine the effect of Brussels Sprouts Extract on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The inflammatory response is manifested by mediators such as reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8. Therefore, this paper examined the toxicity to cells using the MTS assay, stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and stimulated reactive oxygen species such as NO and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8. Inhibition of inflammatory cytokines after treatment with 10 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, and 1000 mg/mL of Brussels Sprouts Extract was investigated. As a result of the experiment, Brussels Sprouts Extract inhibited NO production, TNF-α and IL-8 in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity, and showed significant inhibition especially at a concentration of 1000 mg/mL. Brussels Sprouts Extract, which inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines, suggests the possibility of reducing inflammatory response and controlling inflammation, and can be seen as providing potential as a health functional food or prevention and treatment of inflammation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.420-433
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• 1996

Background : There have been many debates about the effects of nitric oxide on the neurogenic inflammation. The role of nitric oxide in the neurogenic inflammation of airways will be required a better understanding of the localization and types of nitirc oxide synthase(NOS) activity in the neurogenic inflammation of airways. Method : To investigate the role of nitric oxide in airway neurogenic inflammation, 1) the effects of neurokinin receptor antagonist (FK224) and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, $N^{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) on plasma extravastion were evaluated in four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats ; sham operation group(sham NANC group), electrical vagal stimulation group(NANC2 group), intravenous pretreatment groups with FK224 (1mg/kg ; FK224 group), and L-NNA(1mg/kg ; L-NNA group) 15 minutes before vagal NANC stimulation. 2) NOS activity in trachea with neurogenic inflammation was localized by immunohistochemical stain. Immunohistochemical stain was performed by antibodies specific for inflammatory cells(iNOS), brain(bNOS), and endothelium (eNOS) on trachea obtained from sham NANC, NANC2, and FK224 groups. Results : The results are that plasma extravsation in neurogenic inflammation of rat airways was inhibited by FK224, but enhanced by L-NNA pretreatment(P<0.05). There was significantly increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in subepithelium of neurogenic inflammatory trachea, but the reduction of subepithelial infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed after pretreatment with FK224(P<0.05). Immunostaining with anti-iNOS antibody showed strong reactivity only in infiltrated inflammatory cells in neurogenic rat trachea, and these iNOS reactivity was reduced by pretreatment with FK224. bNOS immunoreactivity was significantly increased only in the nerves both of neurogenic inflammatory and FK224 pretreated trachea compared with sham NANC trachea(p<0.05). eNOS immunoreactivity was not significant change in endothelium in neurogenic inflammation of rat trachea. Conclusion : These results suggest that nitric oxide released from iNOS in infiltrated inflammatory cells has main role in neurogenic inflammation of rat trachea. The presence of bNOS immunoreactivity in the nerves indicates that nitric oxide may be released from the nerves in rat trachea with neurogenic inflammation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2011

Dental bacteria can cause gum diseases, i.e. gingivitis and periodontitis, by inducing inflammation in human gingiva. Therefore, the most effective way to prevent and treat gum diseases is the control of the inflammatory reactions induced by dental bacteria. Almost all present dental care products contain anti-bacterial agents to eliminate dental bacteria. However, recent studies report that even heat-killed dental bacteria can induce the inflammation responses in oral cells. Therefore, the method using anti-bacterial agents should be improved for better anti-inflammatory effect and the effective natural anti-inflammatory substances need to be found. In addition, the mechanisms of gingival inflammation should be elucidated. In this study, we tried to find out the mechanism of the gingival inflammation and effective natural anti-inflammatory substances with human gingival epithelial cells and Prevotella intermedia which is well known as a typical dental bacteria inducing gingivitis and periodontitis. In results, Prevotell intermedia initiated the gingival inflammation response by stimulating gingival epithelial cells to release an inflammatory cytokine, IL-8. Furthermore, the inflammation by Prevotella intermedia is related to COX-2, AP-1, and TNF-${\alpha}$ pathways. Green tea extract could effectively suppress the inflammatory responses induced by Prevotella intermedia. We find out the effective natural substance for the improvement of gum diseases by studying the mechanism of the gingival inflammation induced by dental bacteria.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1062-1073
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• 2023

Although depression is a common psychiatric disorder that negatively affects individuals and societies, its exact pathogenesis is not well understood. Stress is a major risk factor for depression and is known to increase susceptibility by triggering inflammation. Indeed, many preclinical and clinical studies have suggested a strong link between depression and inflammation. Depression is associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL-)1β, IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ, and decreased levels of the anti-inflammatory IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β. Administering pro-inflammatory cytokines causes depression-like behaviors in rodents. Conversely, administering anti-inflammatory drugs appears to ameliorate depressive symptoms. Although the importance of inflammation as a mediator of depression has been demonstrated, the mechanisms by which inflammation is activated in depression remain unclear. To address this issue, recent studies have focused on the importance of stress-induced sterile inflammation. Sterile inflammation refers to the activation of inflammatory processes due to physical and/or psychological stress in the absence of pathogens. Stress promotes the release of endogenous factors known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), thereby triggering sterile inflammation. In turn, DAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we review the role of DAMPs in depression based on preclinical and clinical evidence on the dysregulation of sterile inflammation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.55-63
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• 2005

목적 : 만성 염증성 질환에 대한 전침효과를 알아보기 위해 complete Freund's adjuvant (CA) 유발 관절염 모델에서 염증관련 단백질의 변화를 살펴보았다. 방법 : Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐의 족부에 CFA를 주사한 다음 3일 간격으로 2 Hz, 15 Hz 및 120 Hz 전침 자극을 주며 부종 형성여부를 plethysmometer로 측정하여 판정하였으며 30일 째 거퇴관절을 취하여 4% paraformaldehyde에 고정하고 EDTA용액에서 탈회시켜 파라핀연속 절편을 얻어 $NF-{\kappa}B$를 비롯한 5종의 염증관련 단백질의 발현을 면역조직화학적으로 살펴보았다. 결과 : 관절연골내 면역반응 중 연골기질은 반응이 없거나 약하고 연골세포는 $NF-{\kappa}Bp65,\;I-{\kappa}B{\alpha},\;iNOS$반응이 강하며 특히 유리연골층에서 더 현저하였으나 염증 및 전침자극에 따른 변화는 없었다. 관절낭에서 면역반응을 살펴보면 염증유발시 활액세포의 면역반응세포는 $I-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$가 감소한 반면 iNOS, $IL-1{\beta}$는 증가하며 특히 iNOS 증가가 현저하였으며 전침자극에 의해 iNOS가 감소하였다. 활액막조직에서 모든 면역반응이 증가하며 특히 $NF-{\kappa}Bp65,\;I-{\kappa}B{\alpha},\;iNOS$ 반응이 현저한데 전침자극에 의해 $IL-1{\beta}$를 제외한 모든 반응이 감소하였다. 결론 : 만성 염증성 동물모델의 거퇴관절 내 염증관련 단백질은 관절연골보다 관절낭에서 큰 변화를 보이며 전침처치에 의해 이들 단백질 발현이 억제되는 것으로 보아 전침이 만성 염증성 질환에 효과적임을 알 수 있다.