• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.43-48
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• 2022

In this study, simulation method was developed to improve the accuracy of the warpage simulation based on the equivalent anisotropic viscoelastic model. First, a package with copper traces and bumps was modeled to implement anisotropic viscoelastic behavior. Then, equivalent anisotropic viscoelastic properties and thermal expansion coefficient for the bump region were derived through the representative volume element model. A thermal cycle of 0 to 125 degrees was applied to the package based on the derived mechanical properties, and the warpage according to the thermal cycle was simulated. To verify the simulation results, the actual package was manufactured, and the warpage with respect to the thermal cycle was measured through shadow moiré interferometer. As a result, by applying the equivalent anisotropic viscoelastic model, it was possible to calculate the warpage of the package within 5 ㎛ error and predict the shape of the warpage.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2021

The membrane-type Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cargo tank is equipped with a double barrier to seal the LNG, of which the secondary barrier serves to prevent LNG leakage and mainly uses fiber-reinforced composite materials. However, the composite materials have thermal expansion anisotropy, which deteriorates shape distortion and mechanical performance due to repeated thermal loads caused by temperature changes between cryogenic and ambient during the unloading of LNG. Therefore, in this study, the longitudinal thermal expansion characteristics of the composite materials were obtained using a vertical thermo-mechanical analyzer, and the elastic modulus was obtained through the tensile test for each temperature to perform thermal load analysis for each direction. This is considered that it is useful to secure reliability from the viewpoint of the design of materials for a LNG cargo hold.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.184-190
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• 2000

We investigated the effect of filler content on the thermo-mechanical properties of modified ACA composite materials by incorporation of non-conducting fillers and the reliability of flip chip assembly on organic substrates using modified ACA composite materials. For the characterization of modified ACA s composites with different content of non-conducting fillers, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and thermo-mechnical analyzer (TMA) were utilized. As the non-conducting filler content increased, CTE values decreased and storage modulus at room temperature increased. In addition, the increase in the content of filler brought about the increase of Tg^{DSC}$ and $Tg^{TMA}$. However, the TGA behaviors stayed almost the same. Contact resistance changes were measured during reliability tests such as thermal cycling, high humidity and temperature, and high temperature at dry condition. It was observed that reliability results were significantly affected by CTEs of ACA materials especially at the thermal cycling test. Results showed that flip chip assembly using modified ACA composites with lower CTEs and higher modulus by loading non-conducting fillers exhibited better contact resistance behavior than conventional ACAs without non-conducting fillers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.181-187
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• 1997

고강도 알루미늄 합금 링롤재의 급냉, 링 팽창(expansion) 및 링 압축(compression) 응력제거처리후 잔류응력을 예측하기 위하여 2차원 축대칭 열해석 및 탄소성 해석을 수행하였다. 급냉 및 응력제거처리 후 2단 과시효 처리(T73)된 링롤재에 대하여 3단계 절단법(Three step sectioning method)을 적용하여 링롤재의 두께에 따른 잔류응력 분포를 측정하였으며, 측정결과를 급냉 및 응력제거처리후 잔류응력 해석결과와 비교분석하였다. 링의 급냉후 원주 및 축방향의 잔류응력 해석값은 T73후 측정값과 비슷한 경향을 보였으며, 링의 내면과 외면에서 압축응력을 나타내었고 중심에서 인장응력을 나타내었다. 잔류응력은 링 팽창(T7351) 및 링 압축(T7352) 적용후 T73에 비해 현저히 감소하였으며, 축방향의 제거 효과가 원주방향보다 우수하게 나타났다. 또한 링 압축에 의한 제거효과가 링 팽창보다 크게 나타났다. 링롤재의 응력제거처리는 제거 효과 및 실용성 측면에서 링 압축 공정이 유리하며, 치수제어 및 장비용량 측면에서 링 팽창 공정이 유리하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2005

Magnetic properties of YIG films grown by solid phase epitaxy (SPE) was measured as a function of temperature with focus on magneto-crystalline and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy was not induced in the SPE YIG films annealed at low temperature by relaxing residual stress through formation of dislocation. On the contrary the films annealed at high temperature showed perpendicular magnetic anisotropy which shows very low density of dislocation. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field decreased linearly up to a high temperature of $230^{\circ}C$ above which magneto-crystalline anisotropy disappeared. Coercivity also decreased linearly with temperature up 세 $230^{\circ}C$. Magneto-crystalline anisotropy of perpendicular anisotropy induced epitaxial (111) YIG films can be measured using $H_k=4K_1/3M_s$. Temperature behavior of initial susceptibility can be successfully explained by Hopkinson effects. Curie temperature of YIG films grown on GGG substrate with high paramagnetic susceptibility can be easily measured using the results.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2022

In this study, to examine the effect of the transverse thermal expansion behavior of FRP reinforcing bars and concrete on the concrete cover thickness, based on 20℃, when the temperature changes from -70℃ to 80℃, the behavior of concrete was studied theoretically and numerically. Theoretical elastic analysis and nonlinear finite element analysis were performed on FRP reinforced concrete with different diameters and cover thicknesses of FRP reinforcement. As a result, at a negative temperature difference, concrete was compressed, and the theoretical strain result and the finite element result were similar, but at a positive temperature difference, tensile stress and further cracks occurred in the concrete, which was 1.2 to 1.4 times larger than the theoretical result. The ratio of the diameter of the FRP reinforcing bar to the thickness of the concrete cover (c/db) is closely related to the occurrence of cracks. Since the transverse thermal expansion coefficient of FRP reinforcing bars is three times greater than that of concrete, it is necessary to consider this in design.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.18-20
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• 2005

일반적으로 저압계통의 고장전류를 차단하기 위해 설치된 차단기의 차단원리는 주로 역전압발생법올 이용하고 있다. 역전압발생법은 효과적으로 저압계통의 고장전류를 차단할 수 있으나, 제한된 한류성능과 긴 아킹 시간은 차단기는 물론 주변 전력기기에 전기적/열적/기계적 스트레스를 주게 된다. 국내외 업체는 고장전류를 보다 빠르고 효과적으로 제한 및 차단을 할 수 있는 한류형 차단기를 제안하고 있는 실정이다. 저압계통의 경우, 정온도계수 (Positive Temperature Coefficient, PTC) 특성을 가지는 한류소자를 기존 차단기에 직렬 혹은 병렬로 연결하여 저압계통의 고장전류를 매우 빠르고 효과적으로 제한 및 차단하는 추세에 있으며, 또한 PTC 한류소자를 이용함으로써 저압계통의 차단보호협조를 효과적으로 구현하고자 하고 있다. PTC 한류소자는 소자는 열팽창이 큰 비전도성 성분과 열팽창이 작은 전도성 성분이 혼합되어 구성되며, 소자의 온도가 증가함에 따라 비전도성 성분이 상대적으로 큰 부피 팽창을 하여 저항이 증가하게 된다. 이러한 PTC 소자를 전력계통에 적용함으로써 고장전류에 따른 줄열에 의한 저항증가로 고장전류를 제한하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 일반적으로 배터리 보호용으로 사용되는 폴리에틸렌 수지 및 카본블랙으로 구성된 폴리머 PTC 한류소자를 이용하여, 기존의 저전력 배터리 보호 폴리머 PTC 소자로부터, 저압계통의 단락사고시 발생하는 단락전류를 효과적으로 제한할 수 있는 대전력 폴리머 PTC 소자를 개발하였다.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.168-174
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• 2020

Recently, the size of Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) carriers has been increasing, in turn increasing the load generated during operation. To handle this load, the thickness of LNG Cargo Containment Systems (CCSs) should be increased. Despite increasing the thickness of LNG CCSs, a secondary barrier is still used in conventional thickness. Therefore, the mechanical performance of the existing secondary barrier should be verified. In this study, tensile test of the secondary barrier was performed to evaluate mechanical properties under several low- and cryogenic-temperature conditions considering LNG environment, and in each fiber direction considering that the secondary barrier is composed of anisotropic composite materials depending on the glass fibers. Additionally, the coefficient of thermal expansion was measured by considering the degradation of the mechanical properties of the secondary barrier caused by the generated thermal stress during periodical unloading. As a result, the mechanical performance of secondary barrier in the Machine Direction (MD) was generally found to be superior than that in the Transverse Direction (TD) owing to the warp interlock structure of the glass fibers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.325-325
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• 2004

최근 UC 공작기계의 활용성 및 산업전반에 차지하는 중요성이 날로 증가하고, If기술을 접목한 네트워크 솔루션의 비약적인 발달에 힘입어 대부분의 공정들이 자동화됨에 따라 최종 부품의 가공정밀도는 전적으로 CNC 공작기계에 의존한다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 공작기계 각 구성 부품들의 가공오차와 조립 시 발생하는 기하학적 오차, 장시간 사용으로 인한 마모, 구조물의 온도 상승에 따른 열팽창 등으로 인하여 공구와 공작물간에 상대적인 공칭거리와 실제로 운동하는 거리와의 차이가 발생한다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 1997

To predict the effect of ring expansion and ring compression on residual stress relief of Al 7175 ring rot]s, 2-D axisymmetric thermal analysis and elastoplastic analysis were performed. The residual stress distributions along the thickness of T73, T7351 and T7352 treated rings were measured using three step sectioning method. The measured results were compared to numerical ones for quenched and stress relieved rings. After quenching, calculated hoop and axial residual stresses were similar to measured ones for T73 treated rings. The residual stresses of T7351 and T7352 treated rings were decreased remarkably compared to T73 treated rings. The effect of axial residual stress relief was superior to that of hoop one, and also ring compression to ring expansion. It was concluded that ring compression is advantageous over ring expansion in view of stress relief effect and practicality, and vice versa in view of dimensional control and press power.