• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.169-177
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• 2011

To evaluate the whitening effect of Camellia sinensis water extract (CSWE), CSWE was treated to melan-a cells. Total polyphenol contents and flavonoid contents of CSWE were 102 mg/g and 87 mg/g, respectively. The electron-donating ability of CSWE revealed a dose-dependent response, showing the excellent ability of 82% at 800 ${\mu}g$/mL, and which was higher than the arbutin (48%). The CSWE significantly (p<0.001) suppressed the melanin synthesis and the development of melanocyte dendrites was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The CSWE significantly (p<0.001) inhibited both intra-cellular and cell-extracted tyrosinase activities. And inhibitory efficacies of CSWE on both melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were significantly (p<0.001) higher than the arbutin. The tyrosinase protein expression was not influenced by arbutin treatment. However, CSWE treatment significantly (p<0.001) reduced it. Both arbutin and CSWE treatment did not influence on mRNA expressions of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 and tyrosinase related protein-2.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.357-366
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• 2003

This study was conducted to develop n convenient and efficient granular type absorbent with high CEC from powdery zeolite, which is a waste produced while crushing the natural zeolite of Korea to get a particular particle size. The change of mineralogical characteristics during hydrothermal alternation of natural zeolite to Na-P zeolite in alkaline solution at various reaction times was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and total elemental analysis. The columnar aggregate of Na-P Zeolite was produced by calcinating the natural zeolite-charcoal extrudates of about 3 mm diameter. In 24 hours reaction, clinoptillonite, mordenite and feldspar in natural zeolite were disappeared by 3 N NaOH treatment, while Na-P Zeolite with spherical granular structure was newly detected by XRD. As increasing reaction time, Si/Al ratio in remaining solution was deceased. The CEC of the synthesized material increased more than 2 times compared with that of natural zeolite, although the diameter of Na-P zeolite were rather increased.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1752-1760
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• 2011

In this study, the effect of the Opuntiahumifusa extracts on proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis and ROS level of a cell was investigated using an osteoblast. Opuntiahumifusawas separated intoOpuntiahumifusapeel (OH-P), seed (OH-Se) and stem (OH-St).These were subjected to extraction by using hot water and ethanol. The proliferation of the MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells that were treated with OH-Se water extract were increased by approximately 120%. Regarding the effects of OH-Se on ALP activity, the $50{\mu}g/ml$ ethanol extract group showed the highest activity. The synthesis of collagen increased significantly in response to treatment with OH-Se water extract. The ROS scavenging effects of Opuntiahumifusawere investigated for involvement of oxidativedamage, cell culture and staining. Also, when OH-Se water extract $100{\mu}g/ml$ was added, the ROS level decreased by 54%. These results indicate that Opuntiahumifusa extracts have an anabolic effect on bone through the promotion of osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting that it could be used for the treatment of common metabolic bone diseases.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the biological activity of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of citrus by-product ferment. Hot water extracts and 80% methanol extracts from citrus byproduct of ferment were screened for antibacterial activity pathogenic bacteria by paper disc method. Among the various hot water extracts and 80% methanol extracts the Bacillus subtilis showed relatively strong antibacterial activities in the order. The reducing activity on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical and ${\cdot}OH$ radical scavenging potential were sequentially screened, in search for antioxidant activities of citrus by-product ferment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.219-224
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• 2001

BaTiO$_3$분말을 barium hydroxide, meta titan acid를 이용하여 광화제 첨가 없이 열수처리에 의한 탈수(dehysration) 및 재경정화(recrystallization)과정으로 수열합성법에 의해 제조하였다. Autoclave 반응기를 이용한 실험의 경우, BaTiO$_3$분말을 생성하기 위한 최적 온도 및 반응시간은 각각 18$0^{\circ}C$, 4시간으로 확인되었으며, 이 때 생성된 BaTiO$_3$분말의 크기는 0.1~0.2$\mu\textrm{m}$로 입도분포가 양호하였다. 그리고, 광하제의 영향을 살펴보면 광화제를 사용하지 않았을 경우가 1.0MK KOH를 첨가하였을 때보다 결정성이 우수하게 나타났다. 이와같은 결과로부터 수열합성조건에서 Ba와 Ti의 출발물질이 [-OH]기를 가지고 있는 경우, 원료의 용해도를 증가시키고 출발물질의 수산기(hydroxide)의 생성이 용이하여 광화제의 첨가 없이도 BaTiO$_3$분말을 합성할 수 있음에 따라 공정단순화를 통해ㅐ 에너지 절감 효과를 가져올 수 있었다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.596-603
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate traditional medicinal plants (TMP) 1 and 2, two different multi-herbal mixtures consisting of 24 herbs. Regarding the contents of flavonoid compounds, the ethanol extract (EE) of TMP2 yielded the highest content of flavonoid compounds (40.981 mg/g), followed by EE of TMP1 (28.23 mg/g), hot water extract of TMP2 (WE, 10.046 mg/g), and WE of TMP1 (6.59 mg/g). Antioxidant activities of EE and WE of TMP1 and TMP2 were measured based on DPPH radical scavenging activity. At 1 mg/ml, the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was shown in EE of TMP2 (96%), followed by EE of TMP1 (94%). Nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW264.7 macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was reduced to 82, 77, 86, and 47% by addition of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ of EE and WE of TMP1 and TMP2, respectively. These results were not due to the cytotoxicity of the extracts. NO synthesis was increased by 2.3, 3.6, 3.0, and 1.8 fold by addition of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ of EE and WE of TMP1 and TMP2, respectively. These results show that medicinal plants play a significant role in antioxidative activity and activation of the immune system in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, and different mixtures of the medicinal plants showed different effects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of powdered young barley leaf and its water extract on body weight and lipid metabolism in high-fat fed mice. Male mice were divided into normal group, high-fat (HF) group, high-fat group supplemented with powdered young barley leaf (HF-YBL) and high-fat group supplemented with water extract of the powdered young barley leaf (HF-WYBL). The powdered young barley leaf or its water extract was added to a standard diet based on 1% dried young barley leaf (1 g YBL/100 diet and 0.28 g WYBL/100 g diet) for 8 weeks. Supplementation of YBL and WYBL significantly reduced body weight and epididymal adipose tissue weight in high-fat fed mice. Food intake and daily energy intake were significantly lower in the YBL group than in the HF group. After 8 weeks, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the HF group than in the Normal group; however, both YBL and WYBL significantly lowered those of the high-fat fed mice. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol of the YBL and WYBL groups were significantly elevated compared to that of HF group. Both YBL and WYBL significantly increased fecal excretion of triglyceride in high-fat fed mice, whereas they did not affect fecal cholesterol concentration. The triglyceride levels of liver, adipose tissue and heart were significantly lower in the YBL and WYBL groups than in the HF group. Supplementation of WYBL also lowered the kidney triglyceride and heart cholesterol concentrations compared to those of HF group. Hepatic lipid regulating enzyme activities, fatty acid synthase, HMG-CoA reductase and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase, were significantly lower in the YBL and WYBL groups than in the HF group. Accordingly, these results suggest that YBL and WYBL improve plasma and organ lipid levels partly by increasing fecal lipid excretion and inhibiting fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2011

Martian satellite missions indicate that Martian equatorial plains are covered by ferric iron oxide. As a non-destructive technique, low-temperature treatment of remanent magnetization is effective in identifying magnetic minerals in rocks. In the present study, four sets of ferric iron oxides were prepared by aqueous alteration of ferrihydrite at warm conditions and four others by dehydration of goethite. As the amount of aluminous trivalent cations increases, crystallographic lattice parameters and N$\acute{e}$el temperatures decrease. Such declines originate from lattice distortion as the smaller aluminous trivalent cations substitue the larger terric irons. Whilst high remanence memory was observed for aqueously produced ferric iron oxide, low remanence memory was observed for dehydrated ferric iron oxide. In the future. magnetic remanence memory would be powerful in diagnosing the origin of ferric iron oxide.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.315-319
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• 2016

This study examined the optimization of hot-water extraction conditions for maximizing the total polyphenol compounds (TPC) extracted from amaranth leaf. The effects of three independent variables, including extraction temperature, extraction time and ethanol concentration on TPC were investigated using central composite design (CCD). The concentration of TPC increased with increased levels of extraction temperature and time. The extraction temperature and the ethanol concentration showed the significant effect on TPC production (p<0.05). The predicted values at the optimized condition were acceptable when compared to the experimental values ($R^2=0.9566$). The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: temperature of $90.1^{\circ}C$, time of 50 min and ethanol concentration of 61.6% (v/v) for the maximum TPC of 12.6 mg GAE/g DM.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 2024

This study aimed to improve utilization of the Class C vinyl waste generated in rural areas based on a preliminary investigation on the use of eco-powder, generated through pyrolysis, as a raw material for plastic. The efficiency of pre-processing treatments in controlling ash content of the generated eco-powder and its effect on the basic properties of manufactured plastic were evaluated. The basic properties included ash content of the compressed eco-powder at different levels of ash content, impact strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength. The experimental results confirmed that pre-processing improved the separation efficiency of soil particles and vinyl waste through physical impact. The eco-powder with ash content of less than or equal to 26% was found to satisfy the target performance during impact strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength evaluation. Thus, it was confirmed that the Class C vinyl waste, having low utilization and recovery rates, could be effectively utilized as a plastic raw material after optimum thermal treatment and physical processing using the eco-powder.