• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 1996

Efforts are concentrated onto effective simulation of surface discharged heat water in two-dimensional depth-averaged finite element model using Gaussian puff algorithm incorporating near-field characteristics as patches computed from CORMIX3 with ambient flow variations. Concise analyses of horizontal and vertical temperature distributions are made for real coastal power plant discharges through four field observations and the results from this proposed method are in good agreements with observations in far-field as well as near-field. Thus, this method can simulate the heat dispersion effectively for the whole region since the complex jet momentum characteristics and ambient flows are easily represented in 10 meters of finite element discretization around a discharging point.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.127-138
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• 1996

The in-situ consolidation behavior of drainage system-installed deposits has three dimensional characteristics. Therefore, for an approximate 2-D plane strain consolidation analysis, it is necessary to convert the 3-D spatial flow of actual cases into the laminar flow simulated by the 2-D plane strain model. . In this paper, in order to properly model the effect of three dimensional characteristics, an equivalent and efficient model has been applied in a finite element technique for the analysis of the drainage system-installed soil deposits. The equivalent two dimensional model involves equivalent permeabilities and drainage widths. To validate the equivalent two dimensional model, three dimensional analyses were per formed by using the ABAQUS program and the results of 3-D analyses were compared with those of the 2-D analyses. By using the proposed equivalent model, one may be able to appropriately predict the consolidation behavior of drainage system-installed soft deposits.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

In order to accelerate the rate of consolidation settlement and gain a required shear strength for a given soft clay deposit, vertical drain method combined with a preloading technique has been widely applied. In this paper, a theory of axisymmetric nonlinear consolidation fer drainage-installed deposit, which considers secondary compression (or creep) during primary consolidation, as well as the variations of compressibility and permeability during the consolidation process, has been developed. A computer program named AXICON based on Hypothesis B fur the analysis of axisymmetric nonlinear consolidation was developed by adopting finite difference method. The results of AS(ICON were compared with Hansbo's solution based on Hypothesis A, as well as in-situ settlements and pore pressures measured in test embankment of Ska-Edeby. The results indicated that Hypothesis A usually underestimated the in-situ settlement and Hypothesis B was considered to be logically correct. It was also shown that one may able to appropriately predict the real in-situ behaviors using the proposed program.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 1994

For an accurate prediction of the temperature field induced by heated water discharged into a shallow crossflow, a two-dimensional near-field numerical model is developed. It is based on a 4-equation turbulence model in which the transport equations for mean of the temperature fluctuation squared and its dissipation rate are added to those of a 2-equation turbulence model which cannot give the information of the thermal time scale ratio. Vertical diffusion is also considered by including buoyancy production and turbulence heat flux terms. The developed model is applied to a steady flow in an open channel with simple geometry and the results are compared with existing experimental data and those of the already established 2-equation turbulence model. Numerical results of the model agree with the experimental data better than those of the 2-equation model. The present model also simulates quite adequately the physical characteristics of thermal discharge in the jet entrainment and stable regions.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2004

Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation theory has some important assumption, which can't be applicable to predict the behavior of soft clay ground. Especially, predictions using infinitesimal strain and linear material function related with permeability can give rise to mistake in comparison with the result of real behavior in site. For this reason, Gibson et al. established a rigorous formulation for the one-dimensional nonlinear finite strain consolidation theory, which can consider non-linearity of material function. But it is difficult to apply this theory to predict the behavior of common soft clay ground with vertical drain. In this study, consolidation model which can consider the vertical and horizontal flow of a fully saturated clay layer, self-weight of soil and nonlinear characteristics of compressibility and permeability are derived. Numerical analysis scheme, which can be applied to consolidation analysis by derived consolidation model in this study was developed. The characteristics of material function were examined using laboratory testing such as standard consolidation test, Rowe-cell test and modified consolidation test.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.1178-1189
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• 2010

낙동강 하구지역 연직배수공법이 적용된 연약지반에서 성토시 발생할 수 있는 지반의 측방변형에 대해 3개소 현장 35개 지점에서 수행한 현장 계측데이터를 분석하였다. 성토과정에서 측방변형 패턴 및 변형량을 파악하는데 가장 우선적으로 파악해야 할 계측항목이 지중경사계이며 지반특성별 측방변형 패턴(최대 측방변위발생 지점, 전단변위 발생지점, 지층에 따른 변위발생 형태 등)의 정밀 분석을 위해서는 지중경사계가 설치된 지점의 지층구성을 파악하는 것이 가장 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 최대 측방변위량과 성토체 중앙부 침하량과의 관계에서는 Tavenas et al.(1979)이 제안한 ${\Delta}_y=(0.18+0.09){\Delta}_s$이하로 관측되었다. 또한 측방변형 억제 및 인접지반의 동반침하를 차단하기 위해 보강된 D.C.M., C.I.P.구간에서는 Tavenas et al.(1979)이 제안한 ${\Delta}_y=(0.18-0.09){\Delta}_s$이하로 관측되었다. 최대 측방변위량과 성토속도와의 관계에서는 과잉간극수압 소산에 필요한 충분한 시간과 원활한 배수가 될 수 있도록 시공관리(성토속도조절, 배수관리 철저)하는 것이 무엇보다도 중요하다는 사실을 다시 한 번 확인 할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 편재하중 재하에 따른 인접 지반 및 구조물의 침하 및 기울기 변화는 측방유동에 의한 거동과 함께 압밀침하에 의한 제체의 체적감소로 인한 인접지반의 동반침하가 상당기간 동안 발생하고 있는 것으로 관측되었다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6C
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• pp.321-329
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• 2008

In this study, a series of column test as a way in order to make up for the weakness point of the conventional acceleration method were conducted to both propose the suction board drain method and grapes the specific improvement character of this method as a result of a sort of plastic drain board and a phase of vacuum pressure conditions. On this occasion, the study focused on computing the effective factors of the fittest Suction board drain method affected by each condition through confirming the settlement generated during the test, the water content reduction and stress increase effect occurred arising from the test, and the ratio of consolidation related to the improvement period. In accordance with the shape of core and that whether the core is attached to the filter(pocket or adhesion), the castle type of adhesion and the column type of pocket are more efficient than the others as a consequence of the test to find out the improvement effect depending on each drainage such as a castle type, coil type, harmonica type, column type of pocket and a castle of the adhesion. In case of the step suction pressure, the shorter the period of $-0.8\;kg/cm^2$ as a final step of the suction pressure is, the better the improvement is. In addition, the correlation between degree of consolidation per each suction pressure level and duration of application was drawn as a curve and the point of inflection on this curve was provided to determine the duration period to maximize the consolidation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.03b
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• pp.655-662
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• 2000

This study concerns with the variation of engineering characteristics of soft ground under embankment treated vertical drains. The derived engineering characteristics can be used in the prediction of increased strength of soft ground treated with vertical drains. The variations of physical properties such as liquid limit, natural water content, void ratio, and dry unit weight, and mechanical properties such as strength, preconsolidation ratio, compressibility are analysed and suggested. The co-relation of physical properties and mechanical properties with installation of vertical drains in soft ground are derived in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.1024-1029
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• 2010

The conventional factor of safety as used in geotechnical engineering does not reflect the degree of uncertainty of the relevant parameters. Then in the geotechnical engineering, there have been efforts to reflect the uncertainties of the geotechnical properties through probabilistic analysis. In this study, a practical method for calculation the second moment reliability index using the optimization tool of a spreadsheet software is introduced. And this methodology was proposed by Low, B. K.(1996). The method is based on the perspective of an ellipsoid that just touches the failure surface in the original space of the variables. The method is applied to vertical drains(PVD) and compared with th result of Monte Carlo Simulation method.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

The conventional factor of safety as used in geotechnical engineering does not reflect the degree of uncertainty of the relevant parameters. Then in the geotechnical engineering, there have been efforts to reflect the uncertainties of the geotechnical properties through probabilistic analysis. In this study, a practical method for probabilistic analysis using the Hasofer-Lind reliability index is introduced. The method is based on the perspective of an ellipsoid that just touches the failure surface in the original space of the variables. The method is applied to prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) and compared with the result of Monte Carlo Simulation method.