• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.163-193
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• 2007

Jeon-buk is well equipped for the growth of the logistics industry as it is the center of inland and marine traffic. However, it was not activated because of the infrastructure insufficiency. This paper surveyed the logistics industry facilities, interviewed people who are engaged in its business, researched into their business difficulties and the problem of the logistics industry of Jeon-buk. As a result of research, this paper makes an alternative plan for the development of the logistics industry of Jeon-buk area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.230-241
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• 2020

Since the construction of Pohang New Port, the problems of the low harbor tranquility caused by decreasing port operation rate has been continuously reported. In order to improve the harbor tranquility, a detached breakwater (DB) has been constructed outside the outer breakwater of Pohang New Port in 2018~2020. In this study, the effectiveness of the DB was proved by comparing the reduction rates of wave heights that were observed before and after the construction of the DB. First, the observed data were compared with the numerical model results available from a previous study, and the model data showed reasonable agreement with measured data at 3 out of 4 locations inside the port. The discrepancy in one of the locations was because the model could not accurately calculated the effect of wave interference in the inner corner of the port. The observation data showed excellent results that the number of waves that exceeded 0.3 m, the critical value to reach desired harbor tranquility, was significantly reduced after the construction of the DB. In addition, the reduction rate, the ratio of wave heights between outside and inside of the port, was decreased after the DB construction, which proved that properly designed coastal structures such as DB in this study could be effective in improving the port tranquility. The results of this study can be usefully applied for solving problems in similar cases.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.284-292
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• 2015

Monthly variation of species composition and abundance of fish eggs were examined to know the spawning time and location of the fishes inhabiting the coastal region of Jejudo Island. Samplings had been performed at the four locations (Jeju port, Seongsanpo, Seogwipo port and Chagwido) with a bongo net which was towed monthly at the sea surface from August 2006 to July 2007. The fish eggs were identified based on phylogenetic analyses with the DNA sequences generated through PCR-amplification and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Among a total of 43 taxa classified during the study period, 34 were identified to species, 4 to families, and the remaining 5 were unidentified. Of them, 23 taxa were occurred at Jeju port, 21 at Seongsanpo, 19 at Seogwipo port and 18 at Chagwido, whereas 15 taxa were found in September 2006, 12 in June 2007, 6 to 8 in August 2006 and January~May 2007, 5 in each October and November 2006, 3 in each December 2006 and July 2007. Among 34 species of fish eggs, Engraulis japonicus and Callanthias japonicus most frequently appeared at 16 times out of 48 observations in total. When those eggs were collected, the surface seawater temperature ranged $14.0{\sim}28.6^{\circ}C$ for E. japonicus and $14.9{\sim}20.5^{\circ}C$ for C. japonicus. The success rates of PCR-amplification and species identification in this study were 68.3% and 79.1%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2011

Korea coastal area is highly potential dangerous zone of marine accident due to frequent ship's encounters. VTS center can't identify ship's information because of beyond VHF range. It is also difficult of us to efficiently manage vessel traffic beyond VTS control area, so that it can't prevent marine accident. Presently, korean government is conducting maritime traffic safety assessment according to enlargement of harbor & development of new port but do not have the system which provide danger of information depending on maritime traffic environment with real time. So it is necessary to develop evaluation index which can assess sea risk through the evaluation of maritime traffic environment. In this paper, on the basis of vessel navigator's risk consciousness, we carried out survey & statistical analysis vessel navigator's subjective risk depending on the LOA, crossing situation($045^{\circ}$, $090^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$), overtaking, head-on situation, encountering vessel's side, within or outside harbor, speed with other vessel(ex. same, fast or slow), speed difference with other vessel and distance with other vessel & propose basic expression to develop maritime traffic safety evaluation model. And by using this model, we can confirm that this proposing expression is suitable for domestic maritime traffic environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1991.06a
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• pp.37-44
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• 1991

영산강 하구언 방조제의 건설로 인한 항만 및 이의 인접해역 해면의 변화는 예상한 바 있으며 실제 여러개소에서 월 2회정도의 주기로 목포 구항부근 상업지역에서 해면상승에 따라 주기적으로 침수되는 현상이 나타나고 있다 목포항의 영산강 하구언 방조제 조성으로 인한 조류성분중 최고기록을 가진 수로에서는 6kts 정도로 감소된 것으로 보고되고 있으나 주위자연환경 변화에 따른 수면 상승 및 해수면의 주기적인 변화 등에 대한 상세한 언급 및 깊이 있는 분석은 회피되어왔다. 수자원의 효율적관리를 위해 하구언 방조제는 이미 건설되었고 앞으로 대규모의 항만개발과 대불산업단지조성을 위해 추가 3개의 만입해안해역에 댐으로 해역을 막아 매립공사를 추진하고 있다 그러나 이 지역에 대한 분석은 타당성의 여부만을 강조한 상업적 용역이 이루어지고 있고 장래 개발에 대해 학술적이고 실질적인 문제점 추출과 해결방아네 대해서는 무시하거나 경시한 바가 많다 더구나 태풍 저기압 등과 같은 자연재해를 고려한 분석은 시도되지 못하고 있다 따라서 개발전후의 현상에 대한 상세한 자료 및 현장 조사와 극한 상태를 고려하여 개발에 따른 수위상승 부진동, 조류 수질등 이해역의 변화요소를 수집하고 분석하며 과학적 접근방법에 기초를 둔 수치모델의 실험을 포함하여 현장관측 및 측정자료를 검증하는 것이 필수적이라고 사료되어 종합분석의 한단계로 여기서는 하구언 및 하구간척(Land Reclamatic of Estuary barren)으로 해역축소에 따른 해면변화의 실제현상을 조사하여 정리하고 이를 수치모델을 통해 시뮬레이션하여 보았다 이는 종합개발의 좋은 기초자료로 이용됨은 물론이로 이지역의 개발에 기여할 것으로본다.적절하게 가정된 지반의 응력-변형률 관계와 간극수압특성에 의하여 고려되었다. 그 결과 응력 및 변위가 심하게 발생하는 지역은 황색 점토층이었으며 이로부터 황색 점토층에서 부터 파괴면이 생성되어 다른 지역으로 전파되었음을 유추할 수 있었다.form trap with 2.88[eV] deep of injected space charge from the chathode in the crystaline regions. The origin of ${\alpha}$$_2$ peak was regarded as the detrapping process of ions trapped with 0.9[eV] deep originated from impurity-ion remained in the specimen during production process of the material, in the crystalline regions. The origin of ${\beta}$ peak was concluded to be due to the depolarization process of "C=0"dipole with the activation energy of 0.75[eV] in the amorphous regions. The origin of ${\gamma}$ peak was responsible to the process combined with the depolarization of "CH$_3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of ca

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.505-513
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• 2010

This study investigate the characteristics of tidal constituents, and long-term mean sea level oscillations at Incheon bay. For this, the conditions of three tide stations around Incheon bay have examined, and carried out harmonic analysis on water level data for periods of about 40 years(1960~2007). Four major tidal constituents($M_2$, $S_2$, $K_1$, $O_1$) of each tide station showed tendency that change over the 18.61year lunar node cycle, and the type of tide at three stations is mainly semi-diurnal tides. And also, the past monthly tidal modulations are especially sensitive to the cumulative year of water level data in accuracy of tidal prediction. In case that regard the detached data at three tide stations as a single time series data of 40 years, the results of analysis on a single time series, long-term mean sea level oscillations and modulations of tidal datum at tide stations appears with a range of about 10cm, respectively. In addition, the predicted tides at the Inchcon harbor by global and regional tide models of OSU(Oregon State University) based on various satellite altimetric(Topex Poseidon, Topex Tandem, ERS, GFO) data are compared with the observed tides by KHOA(the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration). The results show that the high resolution regional model is a quite good agreement at coastal shallow water region.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.389-397
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• 2018

The starfish, Asterina pectinifera Muller and Troschel (Asterinidae) is an indigenous species commonly found in all coasts of Korea causes damages to shellfish farms. In order to exterminate A. pectinifera, they are dried and used as fertilizer. Although various studies have been conducted to create high added value from the retrieved A. pectinifera, their actual utilization is relatively low. Accordingly, this study aimed to find new practical uses of starfish by identifying useful ingredients for skin anti-aging. Two polyhydroxysteroids and one asterosaponin were isolated from the A. pectinifera. The structures of these compounds were identified as $5{\alpha}$-cholestane-$3{\beta},6{\alpha},7{\alpha},8,15{\alpha},16{\beta},26$-heptol, $5{\alpha}$-cholestane-$3{\beta},4{\beta},6{\alpha},7{\alpha},8,15{\beta},16{\beta},2$6-octol, and asterosaponin $P_1$ on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analysis. Among these compounds, we have found that asterosaponin $P_1$ increased epidermal stem cell proliferation and the expression of hyaluronan synthase-2 and hyaluronan synthase-3 gene, which are enzymes that synthesize water-binding matrix hyaluronic acids in keratinocytes. In addition, asterosaponin $P_1$ increased synthesis of pro-collagen type I, a major dermal collagen in fibroblasts. As a result, asterosaponin $P_1$ isolated from A. pectinifera could be used as a useful cosmetic ingredient that improves skin symptoms accompanying skin aging.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.893-901
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• 2023

The International Association Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) proposed guidelines for VTS manual operation in 2016 for safe and efficient operation of ship. The Korea Coast Guard (KCG) established and operated 19 VTS centers in ports and coastal waters across the country by 2022 based on the IALA VTS manual and VTS operator's education and training guidelines. In addition, IALA proposed the Inter-VTS Exchange Format (IVEF) Service recommendation (V-145), a standard for data exchange between VTS, in 2011 for efficient e-Navigation system services and safe and efficient VTS service support by VTS authorities. The IVEF service in a common framework for ship information exchange, and it presents seven basic IVEF service (BISs) models. VTS service providers can provide safer and more efficient VTS services by sharing VTS information on joint area using IVEF standards. Based on the BIS data, interaction, and interfacing models, this paper introduced the development of the cloud-based VTS integration services performed by the KCG and the results of the VTS integration platform test-bed for IVEF service implementation. In addition, the results of establishing a cloud VTS integrated platform test-bed for the implementation of IVEF service and implementing the main functions of IVEF service were presented.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.430-436
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• 2023

Study on Changes in Vessel Traffic Services Due to Introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface ShipsThe development of technologies related to Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) has been actively progressing since the mid-2010s, focusing on themes such as collision avoidance, route planning, digital twin, and communication technologies. On the other hand, research on land-based infrastructure connected with MASS, such as logistics systems, port facilities, and vessel traffic services, has relatively received less attention. This study analyzed impact of emergence of MASS on existing vessel traffic service operations and proposed changes in control operations to prepare for its impact. To do this, current vessel traffic service operations were analyzed and elements of MASS technology that could affect vessel traffic control were identified. A survey was conducted among vessel traffic controllers to identify items related to the control of MASS. Results analyzed using the AHP method showed that preparation for emergency response and communication methods with MASS were the most important. Based on this, we were able to derive detailed plans for basic MASS control procedures and emergency response procedures based on data communication within maritime traffic control areas. MASS control procedures proposed in this study are expected to be used as a solution to resolve issues related to traffic safety of MASS in coastal areas.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.106-115
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to assess the importance of ballast water discharge as a vector for the introduction of exotic species into Pusan and Daesan Ports, Korea. We also examined to understand the impacts of environmental factors on the survival success of introduced species by ship's ballast water in laboratory experiments. Seven ship's ballast water originated from the coastal water of China (Taicang, Ningbo and Jinshan), Japan (Tokuyama, Moji and Akita), and Singapore. According to PCA (principal components analysis) analysis, environmental factor in the each ballast and shipside waters were different by bioregion. Based on cluster analysis, the phytoplankton community structures were distinguished for ballast water origin. Most of the major taxonomic groups were diatoms and, the others were dinoflagellate, silcoflagellate and several fresh-waters species. In particular, species number and standing crops of phytoplankton in the ballast tanks decreased with the increasing age ofballast water(r = -0.35 for standing crop; r = -0.63 for species number). In the laboratory study, although phytoplankton in ballast water treatment did not survive even in optimal temperature, the in vivo fluorescence of phytoplankton viability increased under the nutrient typical of shipside water and F/2 medium at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. The diatoms species such as Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira pseudonana in ballast water were successfully regrown. On the salinity gradient experiments for Shui Shan (2) vessel, several freshwater species, brackish and marine species were successfully adapted. Of these, S.costatum was able to tolerate a wide range of salinities (10 to 30 psu) and its species-specific viability was suitable for colonization.