• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2000

There are various kinds of factors associated with the formation of dental plaque in oral cavity such as nutrient molecules and chemical agents. The factors influencing the formation of insoluble glucan by Streptococcus sobrinus and its replication were examined on orthodontic wires. The results were as follows: 1. Insoluble glucan was well produced in the media initially adjusted at pH 7.0 than pH 5.5 or pH 8.5 like bacterial replication. 2. The synthesis of insoluble glucan and bacterial replication were significantly increased in the media containing 2.5% yeast extract. The formation of insoluble glucan was inhibited by 10 folds in the media containing 20% of sucrose than 1.25%, but the replication of bacteria was increased by 20 folds. 3. Insoluble glucan was significantly formed at a concentration of 1.0mM of calcium chloride, 40mM of potassium chloride, 0.1mM of magnesium chloride, while the replication of bacteria was little influenced by them regardless their concentration. 4. The formation of insoluble glucan and bacterial replication were significant in the media containing 10mM of sodium bicarbonate, but both were completely inhibited at 100mM or above. The production of insoluble glucan and the bacterial replication were largely decreased at 10mM of Tris while insoluble glucan was formed in abundance at 100mM of Tris. 5. The synthesis of insoluble glucan and the bacterial replication were inhibited at 10mM or above of sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.188-195
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• 2001

Type II membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (Dense deposit disease) is an acquired primary glomerular disease characterized by electron microscopic evidence of a continuous dense membrane deposition replacing the lamina densa. It is a subtype of idiopathic membra- noproliferative glomerulonephritis, and was described as a separate entity by Berger and Galle in 1963. It frequently occurs in older chilren and young adults and the clinical course is variable, but is generally progressive. The presenting feature is nephrotic syndrome in many patients, and proteinuria and hematuria are also seen frequently. The purpose of this paper is to present a case of DDD (Dense deposit disease) from a 10 year old boy who was diagnosed as a acute poststreptococcal glomurulonephritis with protenuria, hematuria, and facial edema by renal biopsy 4 years ago. (J, Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2001 ; 5 : 188-95)

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 1986

Empyema thoracis following pneumonia, intra-abdominal pathology, trauma, and surgical procedure continues to be a source of major morbidity and mortality. Thirty seven adult and eleven pediatric patients with empyema thoracis were treated at the University of Yeungnam Medical Center from May 1983 to November 1986. Age distribution ranged from 6 months to 72 years and showed a double-peaked curve with the highest incidence between 36 and 65 years and below 15 years of age. There were male predominence in patients above 16 years of age. The most common predisposing factors was impaired consciousness due to either alcoholism or head injury. The causes of empyema were as follows: pneumonia 64.6%, lung abscess 6.4%, intraabdominal pathology 6.4%, and surgical procedure 6.4%. The cardinal symptoms were fever, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, sputum, weight loss, anorexia, and night sweat in orders. Culture of empyema fluid were positive in 50% of patients. The isolated organisms were Gram-negative bacilli 33.3%, staphylococcus aureus 25%, and streptococcus 25%. The patients received antibiotics in conjunction with various invasive procedures : chest tube drainage 77.1%, decortication 6.3%, and repeated thoracentesis 10.3%. There were 4 deaths, 1 child and 3 adults, with a overall mortality of 8.3%.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.587-596
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• 2006

Most of oral streptococci express the Antigen I/II (AgI/II) proteins, cell wall anchored adhesions. AgI/II protein binds to salivary agglutinin glycoprotein, a component of tooth pellicle and to ligands in other bacteria. These associations play important roles in bacterial colonization. Recently, it was reported that diverse host molecules also interact with AgI/II protein and that these interactions induce inflammatory responses from host cells. Among mutans streptococci containing -type hemolytic activity, Streptococcus mutans is a causative agent for dental caries. Compared with many other strains of S. mutans, GS-5 strain is unique in that this bacterium expresses truncated secretory AgI/II protein due to the nonsense mutation in the agI/II gene. This indicates that S. mutans GS-5 has a different clinical role and a recent report supported this idea based on the results from clinically isolated S. mutans strains. Previously, we had cloned agI/II gene from S. mutans GS-5 and generated recombinant N-terminal AgI/II protein. In this study, we further produced a hybridoma line expressing anti-AgI/II monoclonal antibodies named as 1C11A. This antibody showed high sensitivity to AgI/II protein in Western blot and ELISA. This new reagent will provide a basis for investigating the mechanisms of AgI/II-related diseases.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2008

Dental caries is an infectious disease caused by mutans streptococci, and is a primary etiologic agent of dental caries in humans. The molecular pathogenesis of mutans streptococcal-associated dental caries occurs in three phases. Firstly, S. mutans attaches to tooth surface via a cell surface adhesion termed antigen I/II. In the second phase, the glucosyltransferase(GTFs) synthesize polymers like glucans in the presence of sucrose. In the third phase, the multivalent glucans interacts with glucan binding proteins (GBPs) and they make dental plaque and accumulation of microorganisms. Many studies and clinical trials have indicated that a mucosal immune response to these antigens(Ag I/II, GTFs, GBPs) of S. mutans can influence the pathogenesis of dental caries. So these antigens can be important vaccine candidates for immunologic intervention against dental caries. In this study, we cloned the genes for GTFb, GTFc, GTFd from S. mutans GS-5 and did the nucleotide sequence analysis. And the recombinant proteins of GTFd and N-terminus of GTFd were expressed. Intact GTF which we get from this experiment can be used for antibody production specific for any GTF activity domain through animal experiment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.463-468
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• 2008

Background: Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a life-threatening cervico-mediastinal infection extending from the oropharynx or periodontal space. We reviewed clinical outcomes of DNM patients that underwent surgical management. Material and Method: We analyzed the demographic and surgical data from 8 patients (6 males and 2 females) that underwent surgical management for DNM between August 2003 and August 2007. Result: The mean age was $56.6{\pm}12.3$ ($34{\sim}72$) years, Types of DNM were I (n=2), IIA (n=1), and IIB (n=5), based on the classification system of Endo et al. Four patients were septic at the time of operation. The infectious organism was identified in three cases and turned out to be Streptococcus. ICU stay was $24.3{\pm}17.9$ ($3{\sim}58$) days, and hospital stay was $49.1{\pm}33.8$ ($20{\sim}125$) days, There were two deaths (25%), both of which were due to multi-organ failure. Conclusion: Despite aggressive surgical drainage and appropriate medical management, DNM still had a high mortality rate, Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are key to DNM management. In addition, transcervical drainage should be used in limited disease only.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of carvacrol against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria and its cytotoxicity in human oral tissue cells. We tested their antibacterial properties against mutans streptococci and five major periodontopathic bacterial species involved in periodontal disease. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The cell viability of carvacrol on normal human gingival fibroblast (NHGF) cells was tested by metyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The data showed that carvacrol had remarkable antimicrobial effect on tested bacteria with a MIC and MBC values ranged from 16 to $128{\mu}g/ml$ and from 32 to $128{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In cell toxicity studies, carvacrol had significantly decreased cell viability when NHGF cells were treated at $128{\mu}g/ml$. These findings suggest that carvacrol has a strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. However, in order to use it as a component of gargling solution or toothpaste, its concentration should be below $64{\mu}g/ml$ and other compounds having an antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria should be used together.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1998

This research was carried out to know the trend in annual occurrence of bacterial disease. The diseased fish were collected from 147 flounder farms of Cheju Island from January, 1991 to December, 1997. Two types of diseases, that is "simple infection" and "mixed infection", were recognized. The simple infections were Vibriosis, Edwardsiellosis Streptococcal infection and Columnaris disease. The mixed infections were caused by a pair of pathogens mentioned above. During the whole period of this study, the highest number of annual occurrence of simple infection was 243 (26.8% of the total) in 1997 and the lowest one was 82 (9.1 %) in 1991. Monthly occurrence of simple infection was the highest number at 132 (14.6% of the total) in August and the lowest one was at 38 (4.2%) in January. Monthly occurrence of the mixed infected disease showed common pattern except November and December. The highest number of annual occurrence of the simple infected disease was 437 (48.2% of the total) in Vibriosis and the lowest one was 22 (2.4%) in Columnaris disease. The highest number of annual occurrence of the simple infected disease was 178 (53.1% of the total) in Vibriosis+Columnaris disease and the lowest one was 28 (8.4%) in Edwardsiellosis+Streptococcal infection.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.579-586
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• 2004

The objective of the present prospective trial was to compare the efficacy of chlorhexidine(Cervitec), Fluoride (Fluorprotector) and combination of chlorhexdine and fluoride varnishes in decreasing the level of salivary mutans streptococci. Forty healthy students of school of dentistry, Chonbuk national university were investigated to evaluate mutans streptococci(MS) counts and randomized into four groups to treat with the experimental varnishes; A) untreated group(n=10), B) chlorhexidine group(n=10), C) fluoride group(n=10), D) chlorhexidine and fluoride group(n=10). Dentocult $SM^{(R)}$ (Orion Diagnostica) strip method was used for measurement of the level of mutans streptococci in saliva. Stimulated saliva were collected at baseline for mutans streptococci counts evaluation (ms1), 12 weeks later the completion of each varnish treatment, mutans streptococci counts were re-evaluated. In varnish group with chlorhexidine, fluoride and combination of chlorhexidine and fluoride, the level of mutans streptococci was lower after 12 weeks than at baseline, but there were no significant differences in saliva(p>0.05), when compared with baseline. After 12 weeks, a remarkable reduction was still found in the subjects with high level of mutans streptococci at baseline, but not different in the low and moderate level of mutans streptococci(p>0.05).

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.14.3-15
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• 1981

Midline Granulcma(Malignant midline reticulosis) of upper respiratory tract was known as one of the fatal diseases that involve the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx and larynx, with progressive localized necrotizing inflammation and granuloma formation. The disease was first described in 1897 by McBride and after Stewart many clinical and histological studies have been done in 1933. But its etiology is still unclear and therapeutic methods are still under development. The authors carried out a clinical study of 15 cases which were diagnosed and treated as midline granuloma, including 7 cases which received combination radiation and steroid therapy from January 1964 to December 1980. The results are as follows: 1) Age and Sex distribution: 6 cases fell into the ages from 30 to 39 years: 13 cases (87%) were male and 2 cases (13%) were female. 2) Primary lesion sites were nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses area (8 cases: 53%), palatine tonsil (3 cases: 20%) and pharynx (2 cases: 13%) in order. 3) Common symptoms were nasal stuffiness and sore throat (6 cases: 40%), headache (5 cases: 33%), nasal discharge and facial edema (3 cases: 20%) in order. 4) Microorganisms were identified in 4 cases: staphylococcus in 2 cases, pseudomonas in 1 case and streptococcus in 1 case. 5) All 7 cases who received combination radiation and steroid therapy revealed complete regression and no recurrence. 6) Among the 5 cases, who received steroid and antibiotic therapy, 2 cases died and other 3 cases improved temporarily and then developed aggrevation of symptoms.