• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2503-2510
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• 2012

This paper proposes a parallel operation intra predictor for H.264/AVC decoder. In previous intra predictor design, common operation units were designed for 17 prediction modes in order to compute more effectively. However, it was designed by analyzing the equation applied to one pixel. So, there are four operation units for computing 16 pixels in a $4{\times}4$ block and they need four cycles. In this paper, the proposed intra predictor contains T3(Three Type Transform) operation unit for parallel operation. It divides 17 modes into 3 types to calculate 16 pixels of a $4{\times}4$ block in only one cycle and needs 16 cycles minimum in 16x16 block. As the result of the experiment, in terms of processing cycle, the performance of proposed intra predictor is 58.95% higher than the previous one.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.416-417
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 구조텐서와 모폴로지 연산을 이용한 유방 MR 영상에서 흉근을 제거하기 위한 분할 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 영상의 그레디언트 정보를 나타내는 구조텐서와 복잡한 구조텐서를 평활화하기 위한 모폴로지 연산을 적용하여 영상 진단 및 영상 정합시 불필요한 흉근부분을 자동으로 분할하고자 한다. 실험결과에서 확인할 수 있듯이 정확한 분할의 결과는 향후 컴퓨터 보조 진단 시스템에 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.3 s.309
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• pp.84-91
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• 2006

In this paper, we present a new segmentation algorithm for color images based on mathematical morphology and a Gaussian mixture model(GMM). We use the morphological operations to determine the number of components in a mixture model and to detect their modes of each mixture component. Next, we have adopted the GMM to represent the probability distribution of color feature vectors and used the deterministic annealing expectation maximization (DAEM) algorithm to estimate the parameters of the GMM that represents the multi-colored objects statistically. Finally, we segment the color image by using posterior probability of each pixel computed from the GMM. The experimental results show that the morphological operation is efficient to determine a number of components and initial modes of each component in the mixture model. And also it shows that the proposed DAEM provides a global optimal solution for the parameter estimation in the mixture model and the natural color images are segmented efficiently by using the GMM with parameters estimated by morphological operations and the DAEM algorithm.

• School Mathematics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.403-425
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• 2005

The study aims to get real picture of primary mathematics education based on RME in the Netherlands focusing on number and operations strand by reflecting and analyzing the documents in relation to the primary school mathematics curriculum. In order to attain these purposes, the present paper describes the core goals for mathematics education, Dutch Pluspunt textbook series for the primary school, and a learning-teaching trajectory by TAL project which are determinants of the Dutch primary school mathematics curriculum. Under these reflections on the documents, it is analyzed what is the characteristics of number and operations strand in the Nether-lands as follows: counting numbers, contextualization, positioning, structuring, progressive algoritmization based on levels, estimation and insightful use of a calculator. Finally, discussing Points for improving our primary mathematics curriculum and textbook series development are described.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.133-142
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose and implement a high-speed algorithm for CGH that is to calculate digital hologram by modeling the interference phenomenon for tow lights. This algorithm changes the computation equations into a parallel-computable ones and implements it with a structure consisting of two kinds of cells (initial calculation cell, and update calculation cell). The parallel computation algorithm is to get the rest hologram pixels concurrently after calculation the first hologram column. Here, the initial calculation cells compute the first column of the hologram and the update calculation cells compute the rest of the hologram. The two kinds of cells performs a pipeline operation to complete the operations of the two cells at the same time. A CGH calculator to compute the hole hologram for a light source is structured by arranging the two kinds of cells. Results from simulation showed that the maximum operation frequency is about 215MHz. So, experiments are performed by setting this frequency and the same environments as the method showing the best performance. As the results, the proposed one could complete the computation of 81.75 CGH frames per second, while the previous method computes 62.9 CGH frames per second.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.289-307
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• 2018

Although mixed calculation of natural numbers is important in that it completes arithmetic calculation of natural numbers in elementary school, few studies have been conducted regarding its instruction methods. Given this, this study analyzed Korean mathematics textbooks (from the fifth textbooks to the 2009 revised textbooks) along with Japanese and Singaporean textbooks in terms of the parentheses and the order of operations regarding mixed calculation of natural numbers. The results of this study showed that there were differences in introducing the parentheses and representing them in an explicit way per textbooks. In the Korean textbooks, the order of operations was presented mostly with the real-life contexts but it was not always in a diagrammatic representation. In contrast, in the Singaporean textbooks, the order of operations was presented without the real-life contexts and the use of calculators was emphasized. In the Japanese textbooks, the order of operations was presented with the real-life contexts and a hierarchy of operations was emphasized. Based on these results, this study suggested several implications of textbook development and instructional methods regarding mixed calculations of natural numbers.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2020

Floating point arithmetic in microprocessor is the computation of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of floating point data to improve accuracy. In general, when designing a processor, floating point instructions are often excluded because of its complexity and only integer instructions are provided. However, in order to carry out the computations for not only engineering and technical operations but also artificial intelligence and neural networks that are in the spotlight today, floating point operations must be included. In this paper, we design a 32-bit ARMv4 family of processors with floating-point arithmetic instructions using VHDL and verify with ModelSim. As a result, ARM's floating point instructions are successfully executed.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.143-168
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• 2019

Along with the significance of algebraic thinking in elementary school, it has been recently emphasized that the properties of number and operations need to be explored in a meaningful way rather than in an implicit way. Given this, the purpose of this study was to analyze how third graders could understand the properties of operations in multiplication after they were taught such properties through a reconstructed unit of multiplication. For this purpose, the students from three classes participated in this study and they completed pre-test and post-test of the properties of operations in multiplication. The results of this study showed that in the post-test most students were able to employ the associative property, commutative property, and distributive property of multiplication in (two digits) × (one digit) and were successful in applying such properties in (two digits) × (two digits). Some students also refined their explanation by generalizing computational properties. This paper closes with some implications on how to teach computational properties in elementary mathematics.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.558-565
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• 2015

Recently, the number of new malware and malware variants has dramatically increased. As a result, the time for analyzing malware and the efforts of malware analyzers have also increased. Therefore, malware classification helps malware analyzers decrease the overhead of malware analysis, and the classification is useful in studying the malware's genealogy. In this paper, we proposed a set of key opcode to classify the malware. In our experiments, we selected the top 10-opcode as key opcode, and the key opcode decreased the training time of a Supervised learning algorithm by 91% with preserving classification accuracy.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.100-103
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• 2017

Motion estimation occupies the largest computation in the video compression. Multiple processing elements are often exploited in parallel to meet processing speed. More processing elements increase processing speed, but they also increase hardware area. therefore, it is important to optimize the number of processing element. HEVC (high efficiency video coding) usually exploits multi-stage motion estimation algorithms for low computation and high performance. Since the number and position of search points are different in each stage, the utilization of the processing elements is not always 100% and the utilization is quite different with the number of processing elements. In this paper, the optimizing method is proposed on the number of processing elements. It finds out the optimal number of the processing elements for the given multi-stage motion estimation algorithm by calculating utilization and execution cycle of the processing elements.