• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.278-278
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• 2014

저가형 고전도성/고내식 연료전지용 금속분리판 제작을 위해 다양한 조성 및 온도에서 표면개질을 시행하였다. 본 연구에 의해 제작된 시편의 표면분석 결과 Fe 선택적 용출 및 Cr-rich layer 형성이 이루어졌음을 확인하였으며, 성능 평가 결과 2015 DOE 목표를 만족시키는 것을 확인하였다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.48-59
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• 2016

The earth has been warming due to $CO_2$ gas emissions from fossil fuel cars and a ship. So the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle(FCV) using hydrogen as a fossil fuel alternative energy is in the spotlight. Hyundai Motor Company of Korea and a car companies of the US, Japan, Germany is developing a FCV a competitive. Obtained hydrogen as a by-product of the coke plant, oil refineries, chemical plants of steel mill, coal is reacted with steam at high temperatures, methane gas, manufacture of high purity hydrogen Methane Steam Reforming and hydrogen detachable reforming method using the Pressure Swing Adsorption or Membrane Reforming technical or decomposition of water to produce electricity. Hydrogen is the electronic industry, metal and chemical industries, which are used as rocket fuel, etc. are used in factories, hospitals, home of the fuel Ene.Farm system or FCV. And a method of storing hydrogen is to store liquid hydrogen and a method for compressing normal hydrogen to the hydrogen container, by storing the latest hydride or Organic chemical hydride method is used to carry the hydrogen station. Korea is currently 13 hydrogen stations in place and in operation, plans to install a further 43 places.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 2010

In this paper, the heat-transfer characteristics of steam reforming in an annular reactor are presented. Heat is supplied by the catalytic combustion of syn-gas. The thermal behaviors of exothermic and endothermic reactions in a directly coupled concentric-tube packed-bed reactor were investigated experimentally. The gas mixture supplied for catalytic combustion consisted of the off-gas emitted from MCFC anode. Methane in steam at a suitable S/C (steam-to-carbon) ratio was used in the reforming reactions. On the basis of the experimental results, a simple simulation was performed to predict the temperature profile required in the reforming side of the reactor to achieve optimum hydrogen yield. The results of this study may be utilized as reference data in future studies for further development of coupled reactors.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.235-241
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• 2004

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the atomization characteristics of the high viscosity biodiesel blended fuel and ultrasonic energy irradiation one. Test fuels were conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel one. We compared to the characteristics of viscosity and surface tension, SMD between high viscosity biodiesel blended fuel and ultrasonic energy irradiation one. Sauter mean diameter was measured under the variation of the spray distance. Viscosity and surface tension were measured under the variation of the time trace. To measure the droplet size, we used the Malvern system 2600c. Droplet size distribution was analyzed from the result data of Malvern system. Through this experiment, we found that the condition of the ultrasonic energy irradiation situation had smaller Sauter mean diameter of droplet, viscosity and surface tension than those of the conventional situation.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.14-20
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• 1995

연료개선 방향으로서 휘발유에 산소함유량을 증가시켜 불완전연소에 의한 유독성 배기물질을 감소시키기 위한 함산소연료와 광학스모그의 감소 일환으로 규제를 더욱 강화시킨 개질연료에 대한 개발현황과 문제점 및 대기오염에 미치는 영향을 검토하였으며, 앞으로 연구되어야 할 방향을 제시하였다. 1. 환경문제에 의한 가솔린연료의 변화. 2. 함산소연료의 특성. 3. Auto/oil programme. 4. 에탄올 연료의 실험적 고찰.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.239-251
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• 2024

In this study, a hydrogen fuel cell process based on methanol was developed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In Case1, the methanol fuel engine system was designed to investigate the emission of exhaust gas when methanol was supplied as fuel instead of gasoline to the engine. In Case2, a hydrogen fuel cell system was designed by adding a methanol reforming system to Case1. This hybrid system produced gray hydrogen and combined the output of the engine and fuel cell to drive the ship. However, gray hydrogen emits carbon in the process of producing hydrogen. To address this problem, a carbon capture and utilization (CCU) system was added to Case3. The CO2 of the flue gas discharged from Case2 was synthesized with gray hydrogen to produce blue methanol. The results of the case studies revealed that the optimal operating conditions were 220 ℃, 500 kPa, SCR = 1.0, and flow ratio = 0.7. The system of Case3 reduced carbon emissions by 42% compared with that Case1. Thus, the hybrid system of Case3 could considerably reduce the ship's CO2 emissions.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.15.2-15.2
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• 2005

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.602-608
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• 2014

Hydrogen energy, a field of low-carbon substitute energy, can be produced by fossile fuel reforming and electrolysis of water etc. We developed 1kW class flat type reformer for PEM Fuel Cells. The PEMFC is highly sensitive to carbon monoxide because CO has detrimental effects on the performance of the fuel cell. Thus, reformed gas supplied to Fuel cell system, which maintained CO concentration below 10ppm. After applying optimum drive condition, reformed gas was measured with gas chromatography and could find out about each experimental condition of $H_2$ and CO concentration. As a results, The 1kW class plate type hydrogen generation system's optimum condition is A/F ratio ${\alpha}=1.3$, STR temperature 1023K, S/C ratio 3, and $PrOx1{\cdot}2$ 30cc/min. It turns out that installation of PrOx 2 stage is more efficient for reducing CO concentration.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.223.2-223.2
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• 2010

용융탄산염 연료전지(MCFC)는 $650^{\circ}C$에서 작동하는 고온형 연료전지 시스템이다. 이 시스템은 천연가스 등을 개질하여 생산된 수소를 바로 전기로 생산할 수 있는 시스템으로 열효율이 높으며, 현재 대체 발전시스템으로 각광을 받고 있다. MCFC는 개질방식에 따라 내부개질 방식과 외부개질 방식이 있다. 내부개질 방식은 수소를 생산하는 개질기가 스택내부에 장착된 형식으로 천연가스를 스택내부에서 개질하여 바로 전기를 생산하는 방식이다. 이 내부개질반응에 사용되는 촉매로는 알루미나에 담지된 니켈(Ni) 계열촉매이 주로 쓰이고 있다. 또한 내부개질촉매의 형태는 작은 원주형의 촉매형태로 성형되어 사용된다. 이 성형된 촉매의 크기가 바로 내부개질 스택의 크기를 결정하는 중요한 요소이다. 그래서 촉매의 크기는 되도록이면 작게 성형하는 것이 중요하다. 그러나 촉매의 크기가 너무 작으면 촉매를 성형하는데 큰 어려움이 생기게 된다. 본 연구에서는 니켈 촉매를 공침법이 아닌 균일용액침전법을 이용하여 제조하였으며, 이 촉매를 이용하여 지름이 약 2 mm 이하로 촉매를 압출성형하는 방법을 연구하였다. 먼저 요소(urea)를 이용한 균일용액침전법으로 촉매를 제조하였다. 최적의 촉매 합성조건을 살펴보기 위해서, 반응 온도를 80, 85, 90, 95, $100^{\circ}C$로 변화 시키면서 제조된 촉매의 특성을 살펴보았다. 그리고 촉매의 적절한 니켈 양을 알아보기 위해서 니켈의 양을 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 wt%로 변화 시켰으며, 조촉매로 사용되는 MgO 양을 5, 10, 15, 20 wt%로 변화 시켜서 제조된 촉매의 특성을 살펴보았다. 물성을 비교하기 위해서, X-선 회절분석(XRD) 및 TPR, 물리화학흡착을 하였다. 그 결과 침전반응온도가 $80^{\circ}C$에서 촉매가 가장 좋은 물성을 보였으며, 우수한 개질성능을 보였다. 그리고 촉매 활성물질인 니켈의 함량은 50 wt% 정도가 가장 적절한 함량이었으며, MgO의 함량이 15 wt%일 때 가장 우수한 물성과 개질 성능을 보여주었다. 이 촉매들은 공침법으로 제조된 상용촉매와 비교하였을 때, 보다 우수한 물성과 개질성능 보였다. 그래서 이 촉매를 균일침전법을 이용하여 대량으로 제조한 다음 압출성형 방법을 이용하여 촉매를 원주형으로 제조하였다. 먼저 제조된 촉매는 별도의 분쇄작업(볼밀 혹은 제트밀)을 거치지 않아도 입자사이즈가 약 $4{\mu}m$ 수준이 나오도록 촉매 제조조건을 조절 하였다. 그리고 소량의 Methyl cellulose(MC) 바이더와 물만 사용하여 촉매를 혼합한 다음 스크류 압출기를 이용하여 촉매를 성형하였다. 이 촉매는 지름이 약 2 mm 이하로 제조할 수 있었으며, 기계적 강도는 타정기로 성형한 상용촉매보다 우수하였다. 그리고 촉매 성능 또한 상용촉매와 비교하였을 때, 우수한 성능 보였다. MCFC용 내부개질 촉매로 균일용액침전법을 사용한 촉매가 적합하다고 판단되며, 압출성형에도 적합하다고 판단되었다.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2018

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operates at high temperature, therefor has the advantage of higher power generation and using exhaust heat than other fuel cells. In particular, the reforming reaction can be performed inside the SOFC stack to reduce the cooling of the stack and the burden on the reformer reactor. In this study, the reformer structure, operating characteristics, and thermal efficiency were evaluated for the optimization design of a heat exchanger type reformer of a 1 kW SOFC system.