• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.107-118
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• 2015

Many approaches to agent collaboration have been introduced in military war-games, and those approaches address methods for simulation entity (actor) collaboration within a team to achieve given goals. To meet fast-changing battlefield situations, an actor must be loosely coupled with their tasks and be able to take over the role of other actors if necessary to reflect role handovers occurring in real combat. Achieving these requirements allows the transfer of tasks assigned one actor to another actor in circumstances when that actor cannot execute its assigned role, such as when destroyed in action. Tight coupling between an actor and its tasks can prevent role handover in fast-changing situations. Unfortunately, existing approaches and war-game strictly assign tasks to actors during design, therefore they prevent the loose coupling. To overcome these shortcomings, our Role-based Command Hierarchy (ROCH) model dynamically assigns roles to actors based on their situation at runtime. In the model, "Role" separates actors from their tasks. In this paper, we implement the ROCH model as a component that uses a publish-subscribe pattern to handle the link between an actor and the roles of its subordinates (other actors).

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 1991

This study deals with the effect of dwarf growth on xylem structure, especially on the dimension of xylem elements described for 12 species of naturally occuring dwarf trees. The length and tangential diameter of tracheary elements and fibers in dwarf trees appear to be shorter and narrower than those in normal trees. Radial width and cell number of the same annual rings are narrower and smaller in dwarf trees than those in normal trees. Height of rays in dwarf trees is lower than that in normal trees. Dwarf conifers appear to have higher ratio, of latewood to earlywood than that in normal trees. In the hardwood species studied, mesomorphy of vessel elements is lower in dwarfs than that in normal trees. It can be concluded that this dwarf growth occurs as a result of extremely slow growth by environmental stress such as water deficiency.ciency.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.301-304
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• 2005

문서의 내용을 대표하는 용어를 추출하는데 있어서 반드시 선행되어야 할 작업이 개체명 인식이다. 개체명의 범주로는 인명, 지명, 단체명, 시간, 날짜등이 있다. 높은 신뢰도의 개체명 인식은 정보추출 시스템구축을 한 차원 높일 수 있을 것이다. 일반적인 개체명 인식이나 인명의 개체명 인식에 대한 연구는 활발하게 진행되어 왔다.. 그러나 세분화된 지명 인식의 연구는 다루어지지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 한국어 지명 인식 처리를 위한 사전기반의 세분화된 규칙 적용 시스템 연구방법을 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.253-256
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• 2009

This paper describes a vertical search system based on multiple entity-centric unification, which enables to deal with the search queries including multiple domains. To implement the system, we introduced two search technologies; one is for merging service components dynamically according to the entities in the search keywords, and the other is for searching fields with appropriate entities. Our current system includes about 453,000 overseas journal papers for article information search and two entity types; research topic and researcher.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.215-237
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• 2024

This study proposes a selection plan for research entities and PIDs and a strategy for building and operating a PID consortium based on a survey of advanced cases of research entities and PID operations in major countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Japan, China, and Australia. The criteria for selecting research entities and PIDs are 'research life cycle' and 'PID infrastructure maturity'. Based on the two selection criteria, it is proposed to prioritize research entity-PID pairs such as 'Researcher-ORCID', 'Publication-DOI', 'Data-DOI', 'Institution-ROR', 'Grant-DOI', and 'Project-RAiD' and expand to other research entities and PIDs in the emerging stage. The strategy for establishing and operating a PID consortium should encourage the participation of various PID stakeholders, identify the latest trends through collaborative networks with domestic and international PID organizations, lead education and outreach activities to raise awareness and increase utilization of PID, and secure policy support and financial stability. This is expected to lay the foundation for domestic research entities to gain visibility and accessibility at the global level.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.525-549
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• 2022

The process of biological invasion is led by the dynamics of a population as a demographic and evolutionary unit. Spatial structure can affect the population dynamics, and it is worth being considered in research on biological invasion which is always accompanied by dispersal. Metapopulation theory is a representative approach to spatially structured populations, which is chiefly applied in the field of ecology and evolutionary biology despite the controversy about its definition. In this study, metapopulation was considered as a spatially structured population that includes at least one subpopulation with significant extinction probability. The early phase of the invasion is suitable to be analyzed in aspects of the metapopulation concept because the introduced population usually has a high extinction probability, and their ecological·genetic traits determining the invasiveness can be affected by the metapopulation structure. Although it is important in the explanation of the prediction of the invasion probability, the metapopulation concept is rarely used in ecological research about biological invasion in Korea. It is expected that applying the metapopulation theory can supply a more detailed investigation of the invasion process at the population level, which is relatively inadequate in Korea. In this study, a framework dividing the invasive metapopulation into long- and middle-distance scales by the relative distance of movement to the natural dispersal range of species is proposed to easily analyze the effect of a metapopulation in real cases. Increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying invasions and improved prediction of future invasion risk are expected with the metapopulation concept and this framework.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.548-557
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• 2021

Cypripedium japonicum Thunb. is an endemic plant in East Asia, distributed only in Korea, China, and Japan. At the global level, the IUCN Red List evaluates it as "Endangered Species (EN)," and at the national level in Korea, it is evaluated as "Critically Endangered Species (CR)." In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the age structure and the sustainability of the population based on the data obtained by demographic monitoring conducted for seven years in the natural habitat. C. japonicum habitats were observed in 7 regions of Korea (Pochoen, Gapyeong, Hwacheon, Chuncheon, Yeongdong, Muju, Gwangyang), and 4,356 individuals in 15 subpopulations were identified. The population size and structure differed from region to region, and artificial management had a very important effect on the size and structural change of the population. Population viability analysis (PVA) based on changes in the number of individuals of C. japonicum showed a very diverse tendency by region. And the probability of population extinction in the next 100 years was 0.00% for Pocheon, 10.90% for Gwangyang, 24.05% for Chuncheon, and 79.50% for Hwacheon. Since the above monitored study sites were located within the conservation shelters, which restricted access by humans, unauthorized collection of C. japonicum, the biggest threat to the species, was not reflected in the individual viability. So, the risk of extinction in Korea is expected to be significantly higher than that estimated in this study. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect population information in several regions that may represent various threats to determine the extinction risk of the C. japonicum population objectively. In the future, we should expand the demographic monitoring of the C. japonicum population known in Korea.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.167-171
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• 2018

개체명 인식은 문서에서 인명, 지명, 기관명 등의 고유한 의미를 나타내는 단위인 개체명을 추출하고, 추출된 개체명의 범주를 결정하는 작업이다. 최근 개체명 인식과 관련된 연구는 입력 데이터의 앞, 뒤를 고려하기 위한 Bi-RNNs와 출력 데이터 간의 전이 확률을 이용한 CRFs를 결합한 방식을 기반으로 다양한 변형의 심층학습 방법론이 제안되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 연구는 입력 단위를 단어나 형태소로 사용하고 있으며, 성능 향상을 위해 띄어쓰기 정보, 개체명 사전 자질, 품사 분포 정보 등 다양한 정보를 필요로 한다는 어려움이 있다. 본 논문은 기본적인 학습 말뭉치에서 얻을 수 있는 문자 기반의 입력 정보와 Multi-Head Attention을 추가한 Bi-GRU/CRFs을 이용한 다국어 개체명 인식 방법을 제안한다. 한국어, 일본어, 중국어, 영어에 제안 모델을 적용한 결과 한국어와 일본어에서는 우수한 성능(한국어 $F_1$ 84.84%, 일본어 $F_1$ 89.56%)을 보였다. 영어에서는 $F_1$ 80.83%의 성능을 보였으며, 중국어는 $F_1$ 21.05%로 가장 낮은 성능을 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.393-399
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• 2001

자료행렬에서의 개체와 변수간의 관계 또는 분할표 자료에서의 열 범주와 행 범주간의 밀접도를 표준화된 자료행렬에 대한 요인행렬도에서 개체(행)와 변수(열)에 해당하는 두 벡터의 사이각의 코사인으로 정의하였다. 본 논문에서 정의한 개체와 변수간의 밀접도를 15대 및 16대 국회의원 선거자료에 적용하여 보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.71-75
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• 1996

공정육묘의 생장과 품질은 공정묘개체군(이하 '묘개체군'이라 칭함)내 미기상의 영향을 크게 받는다. 현재까지, 식물생태계의 미기상 변화에 따른 작물생육의 반응 또는 식물생태군의 공기역학적 특성과 관련된 연구$^{(4). (5). (6)}$ 는 노지식물을 대상으로 광범위하게 이루어져 왔으나, 식물종묘공장과 같은 폐쇄계 식물생산 시설에서 묘개체군내의 미기상 특성에 관한 연구는 Kim등$^{(3)}$ 에 의해서 최근들어 시도되었다. (중략)