• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.406-414
• /
• 2023

Background: This study examined age-group differences in the rate, severity, and cost of injuries among construction workers to support evidence-based worker safety and health interventions in the construction industry. Methods: Ohio workers' compensation claims for construction workers were used to estimate claim rates and costs by age group. We analyzed claims data auto-coded into five event/exposure categories: transportation incidents; slips, trips, and falls (STFs); exposure to harmful substances and environments; contact with objects and equipment (COB); overexertion and bodily reaction. American Community Survey data were used to determine the percentage of workers in each age group. Results: From 2007-2017, among 72,416 accepted injury claims for ~166,000 construction full-time equivalent (FTE) per year, nearly half were caused by COB, followed by STFs (20%) and overexertion (20%). Claim rates related to COB and exposure to harmful substances and environments were highest among those 18-24 years old, with claim rates of 313.5 and 25.9 per 10,000 FTE, respectively. STFs increased with age, with the highest claim rates for those 55-64 years old (94.2 claims per 10,000 FTE). Overexertion claim rates increased and then declined with age, with the highest claim rate for those 35-44 years old (87.3 per 10,000 FTE). While younger workers had higher injury rates, older workers had higher proportions of lost-time claims and higher costs per claim. The total cost per FTE was highest for those 45-54 years old ($1,122 per FTE). Conclusion: The variation in rates of injury types by age suggests that age-specific prevention strategies may be useful.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.57 no.1
• /
• pp.22-36
• /
• 2024

In 1993, a large number of relics was found in Cheongju Sanesa Buddhist Temple. They show superiority as bronze-based products, and are especially important in since they provide much information about the time of their creation. However, there are many opinions about the time they were hoarded: in the middle of the 13^th century, late in the 13^th century, early in the 14^th century, etc. This study estimates the time they were hoarded to be some time in April 1291 during the invasion of Kădīn (哈丹) in the Yuan Dynasty. Kădīn's troops invaded the Goryeo Dynasty, then went through Yangpyeong and Wonju in January 1291 and appeared in Yeongi-hyeon on May 1 of that year. Based on records, this study verified that the troops passed through Cheongju on their way from Chungju to Yeongi-hyeon (currently Sejong-si) and pointed out that the invasion route of the troops was the background for the hoarding of Sanesa relics. The estimation that the Sanesa relics were hoarded in 1291 when Kădīn's invasion was going on makes it possible to reasonably clear up the era of the relics in which the Heavenly Stems called gānzhī (干支) Muo (戊午), Gyeongshin (庚申), Giyu(己酉) etc. were written. That is, Giyu Geumgo is presumed to be the year 1249, Muo Hyangro 1258, Gyeongshin Hyangwan 1260, etc.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.57 no.1
• /
• pp.38-51
• /
• 2024

Although the bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a crop with a cultivation history of about 10,000 years in the Old and New Worlds, archaeological considerations on the cultivation and use of bottle gourds on the Korean Peninsula are extremely rare. Accordingly, we reviewed previous reports on bottle gourds and examined the morphological characteristics of seeds and rind fragments from the Korean Peninsula. The investigation yielded several conclusions. First, bottle gourd cultivation likely began during the Bronze Age alongside the introduction of so-called southern crops. Evidence suggests that bottle gourd remains were more prevalent during the Three-Kingdoms period, indicating its significance as a crop during the historical era. Second, bottle gourd seeds from the Three-Kingdoms period exhibit characteristics of both African and Asian subspecies, showcasing a high level of morphological diversity. Third, rind thickness indicates that bottle gourds found at the Bongseon-ri site were of varieties with large fruits. Taken together, it is concluded that the bottle gourd was introduced to the Korean Peninsula during the Bronze Age, and people cultivated a range of bottle gourd varieties during the Three-Kingdoms period.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2023

Invasive species are organisms that are introduced into places outside of their natural distribution range. The global pet trade is facilitating the introduction of invasive species into new countries and areas. Among the introduced alien species, turtles are one of the most common animal groups whether lives in wetland ecosystems, such as wetlands or reservoirs. Like other countries around the world, exotic turtles is becoming a growing concern for the wetland ecosystem in South Korea. In this study, we report new reports of subspecies of Painted turtle (Chrysemysspp.): Chrysemys picta marginata, C. p. bellii and C. dorsalis, from the reservoirs in downtown Cheongju and Gwangju, South Korea. We used morphological features, such as the characteristics of the legs, plastron, and carapace, to identify the turtles. It is assumed that all turtles were artificially released into nature. Considering the increasing number of reports on the introduction of alien invasive turtles in Korean wetlands, we recommend the formulation of an immediate and systematic management plan for pet trades and organized continuous monitoring programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.58 no.2
• /
• pp.81-100
• /
• 2024

This study analyzed the national diversity of journal editors and authors, focusing on international journals in library and information science, and quantified it through Simpson's Diversity Index. In addition, LIS journals were clustered according to diversity indicators and their characteristics were analyzed, and it was also confirmed whether nationality diversity of editorial members could induce nationality diversity of authors. As a result of the analysis, first, the diversity index of the editors of the LIS (Library & Information Science) international journal was found to be 0.64, which is less than the diversity of the authors, which is 0.76. It was confirmed that as the diversity of nationalities among editorial committee members increases, it is possible to attract authors of various nationalities (r = .79). Second, journals in the IS (Information Science) field showed a high index before or after 0.8 for both editorial members and author contributing countries, but those in the LS (Library Science) field showed relatively low scores, especially among the editorial members, with a very low index of 0.48. Third, the United States has the highest share of both authors and editors, and in particular, it has been confirmed that the LS field has an overwhelming share of 53.39% of editors. On the other hand, in Asian countries, including Korea, the ratio of contributions as editors compared to contributions as authors was found to be lower than in the United States and European countries.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.58 no.2
• /
• pp.251-268
• /
• 2024

Recently, with the implementation of the "e-Government Performance Management Guidelines," there is a growing demand for setting performance indicators for information systems. For systems that provide information services to the public, such as CODIL, it is not easy to set performance indicators. This study presented a research model that applies Monte Carlo simulation to set expected performance targets that can be achieved through CODIL based on objective evidence. Among the survey contents conducted from 2015 to 2023, the statistical characteristics of user satisfaction regarding the frequency of use of construction technology information provided by CODIL were designated as input variables. Future expected targets and confidence intervals from 2024 to 2026 were designated as outcome variables. The expected target value was measured by generating 5 simulation alternatives and 1,000 random numbers for each alternative. Next, the measured expected goals were interpreted and compared with the results of time series regression analysis measured in previous studies. Although, as in previous studies, the expected target value could not be predicted based on time series regression analysis that considers the correlation between years. However, compared to previous studies, this study can be considered a more accurate analysis result because it predicted the expected target value based on 5,000 input variables.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.33-50
• /
• 2023

This study is to propose the ecosystem service valuation method as a complementary or alternative tool to overcome the limitations of the contingent valuation method(CVM), typically used to assess social benefits in preliminary feasibility studies. With an increasing interest in natural and environmental restoration projects, we assessed social benefits with theses CVM and ecosystem service valuation method from a case of Janghang wetland restoration project and compared the extent of the two social benefits. For quantitative evaluation of ecosystem services, the biophysical quantity for each ecosystem service indicator was calculated and then converted into currency (KRW) units to estimate the economic value of ecosystem services. The four ecosystem regulating service indicators were selected including greenhouse gas capture/storage, air pollution, water quantity and quality regulation. The amounts of CO₂ sequestration and storage as a ecosystem's greenhouse gas regulating service in the study area were 73.04 tCO₂/yr and 5,867.53 tCO₂/yr respectively. The reduction of SO₂, one of air pollutant gases by ecosystems was calculated to be 180.27 kg/yr, the reduction of NO₂ to be 378.90 kg/yr, and the reduction of fine dust (PM10) to be 9,713.92 kg/yr. The amount of freshwater regulating service by the ecosystem was estimated to be 459,394,319ℓ/yr, and the amount of nitrogen in freshwater removed by the ecosystem was 78.00kg/yr. Study results show that the benefits derived from the CVM were KRW 227.8 billion over the 30-year analysis period and those from the ecosystem service valuation method were KRW 41.4 billion for regulatory services and KRW 148.8 billion for cultural services, totaling KRW 189.5 billion. With KRW 184.8 billion of the total costs, the benefit/cost ratio using the CVM was 1.23 and that with the ecosystem service valuation method was 1.03. This study implications include that the CVM and ecosystem service valuation method can be applied together to assess and compare social benefits for natural and environmental restoration projects.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.169-189
• /
• 2024

In the current work, a series of three-dimensional finite element analyses have been carried out to understand the behaviour of pre-existing single piles and pile groups to adjacent Shield TBM tunnelling by considering various reinforcement conditions. The numerical modelling has analysed the effect of the pile cutting, ground reinforcement and pile cap reinforcement. The analyses concentrate on the ground settlements, the pile head settlements, the axial pile forces and the shear stress transfer mechanism at the pile-soil interface. In all cases of the pile tips supported by weathered rock, the distributions of shear stresses presented a similar trend. Also, when the pile tips were cut, tensile forces or compressive forces were induced on the piles depending on the relative positions of the piles. Furthermore, when the pile tips are supported by weathered rock, approximately 70% of the load is supported by surface friction, and only the remaining 30% is supported by the pile tip. Furthermore the final settlement of the piles without reinforcement showed approximately 70% more settlement than the piles for which ground reinforcement is considered. It has been found that the ground settlements and the pile settlements are heavily affected by the pile cutting and reinforcement conditions. The behaviour of the single pile and group piles, depending on the pile cutting, conditions of ground and pile cap reinforcement, has been extensively examined and analysed by considering the key features in great details.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.361-367
• /
• 2024

Ultrasound in the air is widely used in industry as a measurement technique to prevent abnormalities in the machinery. Recently, the use of airborne ultrasound imaging techniques, which can find the location of abnormalities using an array transducers, is increasing. A beamforming method that uses the phase difference for each sensor is used to visualize the location of the ultrasonic sound source. We exploit a random sparse ultrasonic array and obtain beamforming power distribution on the source in a certain distance away from the array. Conventional beamforming methods inevitably have limited spatial resolution depending on the number of sensors used and the aperture size. A high-resolution ultrasound imaging technique was implemented by applying functional beamforming as a method to overcome the geometric constraints of the array. The functional beamforming method can be expressed as a generalized beam forming method mathematically, and has the advantage of being able to obtain high-resolution imaging by reducing main-lobe width and side lobes. As a result of observation through computer simulation, it was verified that the resolution of the ultrasonic source in the air was successfully increased by functional beamforming using the ultrasonic sparse array.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2024

This study presents a model for educational planning based on user participatory design for the purposes of curriculum development and educational space innovation. It reviewed previous research and practices related to educational space innovation, educational planning processes, and user participation design and suggested a draft model. This model was applied in the renovation project of an elementary school, and the problems encountered during the application were reflected upon and used to improve the model. The final model comprises four phases. Phase 1 is an initial exploratory phase foruser participation, where educational planners and users form a shared perspective regarding the future of education. Phase 2 is a needs-analysis phase for the transition to future education, which focuses on setting the overall direction of the school-level curriculum. Phase 3 specifies the direction of future school curricula and identifies needs for educational spaces. Finally, Phase 4 focuses on the interaction between educational and space planners. Based on the above discussion, the study discussed the benefits and limitations of this educational planning model for school space innovation.