• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2000

We investigated characters of transdermal therapeutic system(TTS) and the skin permeability of that with applying drug delivery system(DDS). Natural gums were selected as material of TTS. The permeation of natural gums ointment containing drug in rat skin using diffusion cell model. Permeation properties of materials were investigated for water soluble drug such as riboflavin in vitro. We used glycerin, PEG 600 and oleic acid as enhancers. Since dermis has more hydration than the stratum corneum, skin permeation rate at steady state was highly influenced when glycerin was used in riboflavin. The permeation rate of content enhancer and drug was found to be faster than that of content riboflavin only. These results showed that skin permeation rate of drug across the composite was mainly dependent on the property of ointment base and drug. All the gum ointment tested showed good safety. Proper selection of the materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate.

• 동물약계
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• no.38
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• pp.2-3
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• 1997

[ $\cdot$ ]동물용의약품등 수입자 확인 $\cdot$제조(수입)업체 허가사항 변경 $\cdot$수출입업분회 및 특별회원 협의회 개최 $\cdot$동물약품 수출촉진 협의회 개최 $\cdot$클로람페니콜제제 애완동물 전용 포장단위 변경 $\cdot$유방염 연고제 제조(수입) 품목허가 일괄 변경 $\cdot$동물약품중 폐기물 예치금 및 부담금 납부 대상품목 수입요령 $\cdot$약사감시 결과 행정처분 내역 $\cdot$97년도 동물약품 제조용 유당 업체별 확정량 $\cdot$가축질병 병성감정 실시기관 지정 $\cdot$구제역 발생국 농장방문 자제 $\cdot$동물약품 생산(수입)$\cdot$판매실적 작성 및 판매실적 송신 프로그램 (VPPT 2.0 UPGRADE) 무료 배부

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1998

Tetracycline lyogel ointment consisting of hydroxy ethyl cellulose(HEC) in glycerin and Eudragit RS 100 in triacetin were prepared and then release characteristic were investigated. The physical properties of lyogel ointment such as viscosity, particle size and microscopic structures were also evaluated. The microscopic structures showed that lyogel particles containing drug were dispersed in the triactin solution. The release rate of drug from lyogel ointment as a function of HEC was not changed. However the release rate was significantly decresed when the amount of Eudragit RS 100 and triacetin in lyogel ointment was increased. The viscosity and weight fraction in external phase of lyogel ointment influenced the release rate. The current studies suggest that the release rate of drug can be controlled by changing of lyogel ointment compositions.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 1991

Six different O/W cream bases containing 4% ascorbic acid dipalmitate and two different O/W cream bases containing 1% ascorbic acid were prepared. Percutanceous absorption of ascorbic acid as well as safety were determined using rabbits. The stability of the creams was also tested at room temperature. Ascorbic acid concentrations in urines varied depending on the characteristics of cream bases used. The absorption of ascorbic acid was increased and sustained with the cream bases containing branched chain esters of fatty acid instead of natural oils used currently. The excretion level of ascorbic acid in urine was high with the cream base including nonionic surfactants and a small quantity of natural oils. The creams containing nonionic surfactants showed excellent stability, while those containing anionic surfactants were not stable in terms of pH, odor and coloring test at room temperature during six months. But, the two creams containing ascorbic acid were unstable. All the cream bases tested showed good safety.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1993

To investigate e effect of antimicrobial ointments on wound healing wound contraction was measured in rabbits with daily application of ointments. Full thickness skin defects(1cm$\times$1cm) were made in three different areas on the back. Percentage of wound contraction based on wound area measured on the day of surgery was calculate every other day until day 9. The percentages of wound contraction in saline and gentamycin solution-treated groups were 86.0% and 75.0%, respectively and higher than those in animicrobial ointments, especially gentamycin cream, silver sulfadiazine and madecasol ointments. It was suggested that the effect of antimicrobial ointments on wound healing were not superior to at of physiological saline in respect to wound contraction in rabbits.

• 대한한약신문
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• s.116
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

2006년도 제3차 회장단 협의회/정부, 약사법.의료법 전면개정안 국회 제출/"한약재 품질관리 강화된다"/생산단계서 의약품으로 구별 관리해야/치료효과 보장.암시하는 의료광고 형사처벌/의료단체 행정소송 이어 연말정산 '헌법소원' 제기/난치성질환 치료에 '한의학' 적극 활용/한의학연, 사상의학 본격 연구/의료비 자료제출 거부기관 세무조사 경고/"한약, 간기능 악화 요인 없다"/의료기관 공진단 취급 '주의 요망'/한의원, 자체 제조한 안약.연고 등 판매불가/"의료비 소득제출 유언비어 살포시 고발조치"/"연말정산 미제출 병의원 세무조사 없다"/복지부, 요양기관 녹색인증제 폐지/소득.학력 높을수록 약국 서비스에 불만족/PD수첩 방영된 한의사 3명 징계 결정/부정합 판정 한약재 취급 업소 행정처분/개원한의사 전문의 면허시험 자격인정 연구/지부탐방-지부장에게 듣는다/칼럼-고쟁이와 자궁병/애증 이야기/명칭이 비슷하여 감별하기 어려운 한약재/성약과 패륜아/우리 약초를 찾아서-치자나무/한방과 항문질환/노인들 아스피린을 상용하면/전호, 오용에 대한 소고

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2008

Transdermal therapeutic system(TTS) is often used as the method of drug dosage into the epidermic skin. Natural polymer were selected as ointment material of TTS. We investigated the permeation of natural polymer ointment containing drug in rat skin using horizontal membrane cell model. Permeation properties of materials were investigated for water-soluble drug such as Nicotinic acid N-oxide in vitro. These results showed that skin permeation rate of drug across the composite was mainly dependent on the property of ointment base and drug. Proper selection of the polymeric materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate. This result suggests a possible use of natural polymer ointment base as TTS of antihyperlipoproteinemic agent.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.91-119
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• 2005

This study examines the perception and trust of Korean society and people among students and adults using the indigenous psychological analysis. A matched sample of 1,107 participants, consisting of 369 students, their mothers and their fathers completed a questionnaire developed by the present researchers. The results indicate that parents more likely than adolescents to hold negative views of Korean society. Adults are more likely than adolescents to view Korean society as showing high ingroup favoritism, to be insecure, to be conservative, to be corrupt, and to have social inequities. Both groups agree that Korean society is not rational nor democratic, but believe that it has the potential for progress. Second, parents are more likely to hold negative views about Korean people. Adults are more likely than adolescents of viewing Korean people as overly conscious about social face, emotional, selfish, exclusionary, and conceited. Both adolescents and their parents agree that Koreans are cooperative, full of jung (deep affection and attachment), and sincere. Third, adults are less likely to trust Korean institutions than adolescents. Adults are less likely than adolescents to trust National Assembly, political parties, and unions. Adolescents are more likely than their parents to trust family members, school friends, teachers, and government employees. These results indicate that adolescents have higher trust of Korean society and people than their parents. Fifth, the overall results indicate that both group perceive Korean society as showing high ingroup favoritism and corruption. In terms of Korean people, respondents had a more balanced view of perceiving them as highly sensitive to social face and being emotional, while also perceiving them as cooperative and full of jung. The trust of Korean institutions were generally low, especially the National Assembly and political parties. However, the trust of family was very high, followed by trust of school friends and teachers. The trust of government employees was low and this was especially the case for politicians.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.251-263
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• 2013

To explore the device to allow the marriage immigrants' family to take jobs in our country, the social and economic environments that they face are investigated and analyzed through literature survey and field inquiry. The principal motive of the marriage to Korean is economic problem. But their actual economic conditions are inferior, and other legal problems, such as getting jobs and remitting money to their home country, drive them to unstable status. The present hiring policy is applied only to foreign workers with no domestic relations(E-9), hence the marriage immigrants are excluded from the domestic employment. To make institutional devices for giving them the employment opportunity, the modification of the existing laws are proposed. For examples, the 'Act on employment of foreign workers' can be revised to permit immigrant's relatives to get jobs, and 'Immigration control law' can be amended to guarantee legal qualification for taking jobs. It is desirable that the overall control be made by the Prime Minister's Office, and operation as well as surveillance be performed by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family (MGEF) and the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MEL).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.269-275
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• 2019

The aim of our study was to compare the wound responses and fine root development after root cutting and wound dressing among different tree species. The roots (2~4 cm in diameter) of mature Pinus densiflora, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, and Zelkova serrata grown in Sangju, South Korea, were cut every 6 months from May 2014 to November 2016. The cut roots were subjected to pastes of vaseline and organic fertilizer. Six months after cutting, fine root development in the cut roots was examined. There was a significant increase in the fine root development in P. serrulata and Z. serrata; however, the development was rarely observed in P. densiflora. Zelkova serrata showed the highest fine root development among the three species in both the control and organic paste treatment groups. No significant differences in fine root development were observed in P. serrulata among the treatments. These results indicate that different tree species exhibit different responses to wound dressing after root cutting, which suggests that specific treatments must be applied to specific tree species.