• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.35
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• pp.289-317
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• 1998

This study aims to review and evaluate the changes of the British social housing policy under the Conservative government(1979-1997), and to get some implications for the Korean case. The Conservatives tried to diminish the role of state in the realm of social welfare :in general, and to retreat the social housing policy in particular as a reaction to the' welfare state crisis' started from the early 1970s. In the realm of housing policy, privatisation and marketisation including the massive sale of council houses were driven enthusiastically. Public expenditure cut and redirection of the housing subsidy scheme were also implemented according to the changed policy orientation. The clear visible results of the policy changes can be seen as follows; radical changes of the housing tenure distribution, changing role of local authorities, and the worsening housing problems- housing shortages, residualisation, affordability problem, deepening dependency and the negative distribution of housing subsidy etc. Furthermore the goal of public expenditure cut, in fact, was not accomplished successfully. The results of this study support the argument that the Neo-liberalistic approach to the 'welfare state crisis' have resulted in reconstruction and redirection rather than total abolition of the role of state in welfare provision. This conclusion could provide important implications to Korean case, especially concerning the role of state in the social housing policy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.1 s.94
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• pp.7-21
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the transportation, equity and efficiency impacts of cordon pricing schemes in the Seoul Capital Region of Korea. Autos would be required to pay a toll of 2.000 Won each time they enter cordons around the CBD or the subcenters during morning peak periods. The imposition of the toll would produce a substantial decrease in traffic volumes within the cordons as well as throughout the Capital Region. The lower the income level of commuters is, the more the share of auto decreases and that of transit increases. For equity impacts, the welfare of commuters would increase or decrease according to the cordon pricing schemes but would produce progressive impacts irrespective of the schemes. However, the commuters who have the highest value of time would experience welfare gains and it would result in regressive impacts. The schemes would result in a substantial net social welfare gain for the efficiency impacts. When the toll is charged at the CBD cordon only, the net social welfare would increase more.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.529-532
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• 2012

This paper presents the system modeling, analysis, and controller design and implementation with a inverted pendulum system in order to test robust algorithm for sweeping machine. The balancing of an inverted pendulum by moving pendulum robot like as 'segway' along a horizontal track is a classic problem in the area of control. This paper will describe two methods to swing a pendulum attached to a cart from an initial downwards position to an upright position and maintain that state. The results of real experiment show that the proposed control system has superior performance for following a reference command at certain initial conditions.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.1133-1138
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• 2012

In the paper, design of nonlinear sliding surfaces which are based on optimal control is studied, The state trajectory by the input of optimal control was obtained by Frobenius theorem and matrix decomposition method, was set the nonlinear sliding surfaces of the system. The states is maintained to sliding surfaces from initial states. As the result, robustness of the system can be guaranteed throughout an entire response of the system starting form the initial time instance, the uncertainty and external disturbance that can occur during the reaching time is removed, the problem of large control input was solved, and setting the sliding surfaces optimal path was able to reduce the tracking time. The validity of the proposed control scheme is shown in computer simulation for inverted pendulum.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

In this paper, we design a dynamic state feedback smooth stabilizer for a nonlinear system whose Jacobian linearization may have uncontrollable mode because its eigenvalues are on the right half-plane. After designing an augmented system, a dynamic exponent scaling and backstepping enable one to explicitly design a smooth stabilizer and a continuously differentiable Lyapunov function which is positive definite and proper. The convergence of the designed controller is proved by the new notion 'degree indicator'.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

Sliding mode design and analysis for nonlinear system was carried out. A designer will determine the parameters to know about the performance and robustness of the system dynamics. To investigate the characteristics of sliding mode control, an inverted pendulum model is applied by the sliding mode control and the state concerned is output. Comparison is made by evaluating different initial conditions, sliding numerical components for sliding surface, and input gain, the dynamic of output will be investigated to conclude the generality. Control approaches have their limitations and sliding mode control is no exception. The chattering problem is its main negative effect to overcome. This effect is displayed and in this project chattering problem is suppressed by a modified discontinuous controller.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2004

This paper suggests the design and analysis of the fuzzy sliding mode control for a nonlinear system using Takagi-Sugeno(T-S) fuzzy model. In this control scheme, identifying procedure that the input gain matrices in a T-S fuzzy model are manipulated into the same one is needed. The input disturbances generated in the identifying procedure are resolved by incorporating the disturbance treatment method of the conventional sliding mode control. The proposed control strategy can also treat the input disturbances that can not be linearized in the linearization procedure of T-S fuzzy modeling. Design example for the nonlinear system, an inverted pendulum on a cart, demonstrates the utility and validity of the proposed control scheme.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.1 s.87
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• pp.59-72
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• 2006

In spite of continuous implementation of the transportation demand management (TDM), the profuse use of car at the peak-time has caused chronic traffic congestion in the Seoul downtown area. This study makes a comparative analysis on the effectiveness of commuting cost subsidy system for public transit user with other policy instruments such as an increment in fuel tax and park cost. This study not only follows standard guidelines of stated preference methodology to guarantee objectivity, but also uses sample enumeration method and non-Parametric bootstrapping method to secure reliability of empirical results. As a result of empirical studies, the conversion effect of car to public transit is superior to other two Policy instruments. Also. an increment in fuel tax and park cost is income-regressive from the equity aspect in a wage bracket, but commuting cost subsidy system for Public transit user is Income-progressive As a fundamental research on commuting cost subsidy system for public transit user, this study is likely to Provide Policy-makers with quantitative information useful in establishing Public transport Policy to Promote the use of the public transit.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.317-331
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• 2015

A major barrier to the spread and vitalization of renewable energy lies in its economic infeasibility. And yet, there is a disparity in estimating the economic feasibility between supply and demand sides. Taking this into account, we calculate an appropriate level of mini-solar panel subsidies provided by the Seoul metropolitan government. More pointedly, this research investigates the receptivity and social equity of the subsidy program based on the analysis of the program's financial feasibility. The results show that the subsidies can have anticipated effects for the heavy electricity consumption group but not for the low electricity consumption group. Specifically, estimated pay-back periods for groups of 401kWh ~ 500kWh (per month) users, 201 kWh ~ 400kWh users and 101kWh ~ 200kWh were approximately 5years, 8 ~ 9 years and 12 years, respectively. This implies that differential scales of the subsidies can better contribute to reducing regressive difference between the groups and meeting the goal of social equity in regards to energy justice.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.67-82
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• 2016

This study aims to test the spatial mismatch hypothesis by exploring the relationship between income and commuting time in Seoul, Korea. For this purpose, we analyze the commuting times of individuals who commute to Seoul, using the data for the metropolitan household survey. We employed a hierarchial linear model(HLM) to capture the effects of both individual attributes and regional attributes, and their interactions. The results show that the commuting time decreases with household income controlling for the regional attributes, and the effect of income increases with the housing price of the location of a commuter's firm. This implies that the spatial mismatch holds for Seoul as follows: Lower personal income and housing affordablility extend individuals' commuting times, and the destinations' characteristics such as housing type and land use also have impacts on commuting time. These results have some policy implications for achieving social equity in terms of spatial structure of the city.