• 한국조경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1995

This study aimed at reconstruction the forgotten rules of Silla's. Bulguksa and Sokgulam in their conditions of location and spatial orders. So tried to find out what Korean Traditional principles in spatial art were and how they actually worked. The locations of these two temples related to their immediate environments, the geometric cityscape of the old city Kyungju. This geometric figure formed the basic of city master plan in the 8the century. And it highly effected on not these two temples but also many other significant places in locating decision making.

• 이베로아메리카
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.25-57
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• 2020

에두아르도 갈레아노는 라틴아메리카 독재정권과 사회 부조리에 대한 비판과 고발에 앞장 선 좌파 지식인이다. 공식적 역사에서는 드러나지 않은 숨은 역사의 진실을 밝히려 파고든다. 그는 역사에 대한 기억을 중요시한다. 과거와 같은 불행한 역사의 반복을 끊기 위해서다. 본 연구의 주요 연구대상인 『포옹의 책』도 그런 글쓰기의 연장선에 있다. 이 작품의 이야기들은 대부분 작가의 기억에 의존한다. 이야기 전개 내용에서도 일관성이나 통합성이 없고, 글의 길이도 일정치 않아 지극히 비정형적이고 파편적이다. 이는 비논리적이고 비이성적인 라틴아메리카 현실을 형식적으로 드러내기 위한 전략이다. 그는 라틴아메리카 사회에 만연한 분리 시스템의 문제점을 다양한 시각에서 분석한다. 나와 타자는 물론 과거와 현재도 분리시킨다. 역사에 대한 기억을 텅 비게 만들어서 역사의식을 마비시킨다. 이런 시스템은 편리한 통치를 위해 고착화 된다. 이런 상황에서 폭력의 양상은 더욱 노골적이고 광범위해진다. 라틴아메리카 대중의 불안과 공포는 일상화된다. 하루하루를 희망 없이 견뎌내고 있는 현실이다. 갈레아노는 이 견디는 힘을 역사적 기억에서 찾고 있다. 과거와 현재가 만나서 포옹할 때 미래의 새로운 역사를 만날 수 있다고 믿는 것이다. 갈레아노는 단순한 현실 비판이나 냉소적 태도에만 머물지 않고 미래에 대한 희망도 제시한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2016

This paper examines the pagodas during the Bagan period, which are thought to be most valuable among those in Myanmar. They have not been sufficiently studied, in spite of their high Buddhist status. It considers the contemplation of Pato, their formal characteristics in the Bagan period and the formal categorizations of pagodas in the same period. Thus, following seven kinds of conclusions are derived: first, researchers provide opinions to the Pato which should be regarded as the Buddhist shrine-type of pagoda with a unique Bagan form, symbolically indicating that Theravada Buddhism incorporated Hinduism; second, the terraces were characteristic components in pagodas, during the Bagan period, which were built after the enthronement of King Anawratha and are thought to symbolically express the wish to widely spread Theravada Buddhism; third, Shwesandaw Zedi seems to affect not only Shwezigon Zedi, a representative standard form of pagoda in Myanmar, but also Ananda Pato; fourth, it is thought to be proper to examine the terraces by classifying them into lower, central(from pedestals to Angryeon and Bokryeon) and upper part, if it intends to divide a pagoda with bell-shaped body on the terraces during the Bagan period, into three parts; fifth, the Pato may be identified as a form of pagoda during the Bagan period, and such a form can be classified as that of Sikhara on the rectangular terrace; sixth, forms of Myanmar's pagodas can be classified into fourteen kinds of them, and they may be also grouped into transmitted, general and special type; and seventh, on the basis of the findings, it is thought that the pagodas during the Bagan period may be classified into six forms, and they can be largely categorized into transmitted, general and special type.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.21-38
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• 2004

This study provides a descriptive and analytical account of major aspects of urban development and transformation of housing types of Italian Firenze from the 13th century to the 19th century. It is a typo-morphological depiction of urban spatial structure of the extraordinary city, Firenze, the center of Italian Renaissance. And this study has proceeded on the assumption that the evolving form of the urban structure and housing types cannot be understood without reference to the larger context of political, economic, and social life. Based on these backgrounds, the purpose of this study is threefold: to provide a comprehensive discussion of general characteristics of urban spatial structure of Firenze, and to explain the process of formation of working-class neighborhoods by constructing new city wall in later 13th century, and to discuss transformation of housing types of the working-class neighborhood with understanding the mechanism of existence of housing in the newly formed residential neighborhoods. The development of residential neighborhoods was pursued by 'planned' manner through forming square-shaped blocks, and characterized by the subdivision of larger properties into standardized building lots for the construction of houses. On the bases of documentary evidences, several ecclesiastical institutions are identified as the agents of a distinctive type of development. While the institutions did the major role for developing lands, the construction of houses was done by small scale construction agents with moderate amount of properties. The major housing type of working-class neighborhoods of Firenze has been the 'casa a schiera' characterized by the form of narrow front and long depth. The type was generalized by the newly formed middle and working-class of Firenze which grew their body very rapidly, Even though the type assumed very uniform in its fen there were many variations. And through passing time, the casa a schiera developed to be multi-family housing, and the level of variation became deepen. Eventually, transformation of housing type of Firenze was ended by appearance of the 'casa in linea', which was very similar to modern apartment in its spatial organization.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2006

Signal fire was a communication system which deliver urgent news by smoke and light. It informed the condition of the border to the central government and the military base rapidly. This research was to analyze the border signal-fire which is the main facility of military protective duty for safety of sea side in chosun dynasty. The results of this research were described separately as follows. 1. The border signal-fire has three types of facility layout, The majority was one-site, near two-site, separate type. The majority was near two-site type. 2. Plan configuration of signal-fire stand which is separated with circle, oval, round-rectangular and rectangular type roughly was constructed with circle type generally. Four types of signal-fire stand was observed in southern and western sea side impartially. However, in eastern side, circle type of signal-fire stand was mainly found. Therefore, regional characteristics could be considered partially. 3. The height of signal-fire stand was about 8~10m. The diameter of combustion chamber on the signal-fire stand was 2~3m in circle type, and the dimension of rectangular type was about $1.9{\times}1.9{\sim}3.2{\times}3.0m$. 4. Building base that protect ground moisture and infilteration of rainfall was found in 10 border singal-fire, the height of it was about 0.3m~2.5m.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.135-150
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• 2005

Historical study of Korean traditional houses have been carried, mainly, based on the geographical region of Korean peninsula. However, the case of primitive houses can not be researched according to the geographical and racial concept of modern nations. This study aims to examine the primitive houses of ethnic minorities of northeastern China, where the cultural and racial background have been deeply rooted in the history of Korea as well as Korean traditional houses. Through the field research and literary materials, the basic types of primitive houses of the five ethnic minorities could be identified. Among these types, those that have possible relationship with Korean houses, are cone shaped house, underground house, and elevated wooden house. Archeological evidences of underground houses were amply found in Korea already, but above ground evidences could not be found. However, It seems quite certain that the cone shaped houses and elevated wooden houses, too, existed in Korea as one of the earliest housing types, as can be examined in remaining examples in Korean peninsula. With no doubt, the primitive houses of Korea have strong connection with that of the ethnic minorities of northeastern China. This can be verified through the facts that the evidences of cone shaped houses, the similarities of the use of Inner space, the evidences of elevated wooden houses. Also, the combination of wooden floor and ondol, which is known to be one of the strongest characteristic of Korean traditional houses, could be originated from the combination of primitive summer house, the elevated wooden house, and the winter house, the underground house with ondol.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2004

From the results of an examination of the transition process of the site plan divided into 5 stages based on literature and materials relating to the Sangju Confucian School as well as the construction history, we can see the general transition flow as follows. The arrangement form of Sangju Confucian School shows the structures with both the sacrificial rites function and the learning function in the early period. This shows a large general flow where the form with the learning function structure at the front and sacrificial rites function structure at the back changed to a form where the learning function structure was positioned behind the boarding facilities, after which there was a transformation which left only the learning function (the form where the learning function structure was positioned in front of the boarding facilities). The type where the learning function structure is positioned in front of the boarding facilities is hard to find in the Yeongnam area, also, there are not many examples of the 2 story Myeonglyundang (hall of confucianism teachings) throughout the country Sangju Confucian School which possess the value of rarity is appraised as being a precious material showing another area characteristic in Sangju of the Yeongnam area. Also, during the late Chosun period the scale of the Dongseojae (boarding facility) was reduced and the appearance of Yangsajae can be said to be a typical example of confucian school constructions of late Chosun era.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2008

This study aims to investigate and analyze the plan and structural system of 4 kan(間) by 4 kan(間) square church built in early 20th century. At that time, three kinds of traditional wooden structure church had been built under the circumstances of transitional era : Basilica style such as Ganghwa Anglican Church, 'ㄱ' shaped style such as Keumsan Church and $4{\times}4$ Square style such as Bukok Church and Jacheon Church that are concerned in this study. Traditional plans and structural system were mixed with new religious function and transformed into korean peculiar style. $4{\times}4$ Square style is a residual product in that process. Despite of it, little concerns on it till now. The results of this study are described as follows. 1. The plan of these $4{\times}4$ square churches is divided into three areas : cathedra($1{\times}1$), attendance($4{\times}2$), and intermediation($4{\times}2$). The location of cathedra is commonly the opposition part of main gate and projected out of the building. Attendance area was also divided into two, man and woman, because of keeping a distance with each other. 2. The structural system of these $4{\times}4$ square churches are somewhat different because of their size and roof style. In the case of Bukok church, $4{\times}4$ square fall off $3{\times}3$ and $2{\times}2$ gradually and turn into paljak(八作) roof, which enable us to get in traditional entering methods. On the contrary, Jacheon church use hipped roof but almost alike pyramidal roof, which could make us not to recognize entering in the aspect of gable part.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.757-764
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• 2021

본 연구는 고레에다 히로카즈의 다큐멘터리 <이시부미>의 의미작용 구조와 신화적 의미에 대해 분석하고 있다. 즉, 스토리텔링을 구성하고 있는 기호적 요소들의 의미작용 구조에 관해 접근함으로써, <이시부미>가 함축하고 있는 신화적 의미를 폭넓게 살펴보는 것이다. 그것은 그가 추구하는 미학적 형식의 본질적인 특징을 살펴보는 것일 뿐만 아니라, 다큐멘터리 스토리텔링의 의미적 가치를 확대하는 미학적 유형을 분석하는 것이기도 하다. 특히, 고레에다 히로카즈는 <이시부미>에서 전형적이며 상징적인 요소를 스토리텔링 과정에서 조화롭게 활용하고 있으며, 그와 같은 이중적인 미학적 형식을 적용함으로써 시대적으로 요구되는 신화적 의미를 관객에게 효과적으로 전달하고 있다. 그러므로 <이시부미>는 신화적 의미를 발산하는 의미작용 체계이며, 그것은 관객의 상상력에 신뢰감을 가진 고레에다 히로카즈의 미학적 의도가 반영된 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.225-238
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 중국에서 대표적인 지역 역사 박물관 심벌마크의 조형적 표현 특징과 규칙을 살펴보고 유형별 심벌마크에 대한 중국 소비자의 선호도를 연구하는데 있다. 먼저 중국 상위 100위 내 박물관 중 지역 역사 박물관 심벌마크의 조형적 표현 주제, 표현 유형, 표현 경향을 분석했다. 다음으로 주제와 표현 유형 간의 관계를 통해 디자인 규칙을 연구했다. 마지막으로 설문조사를 통해 주목성, 전달성, 친근성, 독창성, 심미성, 종합 선호도 등 6가지 측면에서 선호도를 분석했다. 연구 결과에 따르면 주제 측면에서 지역 역사 주제를 표현하는 경우가 가장 많았다. 표현 유형의 경우, 구상형과 한자의 형상화를 사용하는 심벌마크가 가장 많았다. 그리고 유형별 표현 내용과 특징을 살펴본 결과, 다음과 같이 몇 가지 특징을 도출할 수 있었다. 먼저, 구상형을 통해 지역 역사, 건축, 지역 자연 생태 환경 주제를 표현하는 경우가 많다. 그리고 추상형을 통해 이념을 표현하고 기하학적 도형을 통해 이념과 건축의 부분적 특징을 표현하였다. 문자, 구상형(건축, 지역 역사, 지역 자연 생태 환경 주제), 추상형(이념 주제) 세 가지 형식을 결합하고 혼합형인 문자의 형상화, 추상 및 문자 혼합형, 구상 및 추상 혼합형, 구상 및 추상 문자 혼합형으로 표현하였다. 조사 결과에 따르면 중국 관람객은 심벌마크 표현 유형에서 구상형, 표현 내용에서 지역 역사 주제에 대한 선호도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.