• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.269-295
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• 1995

This research is concerned with the social division of labor within the traditional industry district: Damyang bamboo ware industry district and Yeoju pottery industry district in South Korea, Damyang bamboo ware and Yeoju pottery are well known of the Korean traditional industry. The social division of labor in an industry district is considered as an important factor. The social division of labor helps the traditional industry to survive today. This summary shows five significant points from the major findings. First, Damyang bamoo ware industry and Yoeju pottery industry have experienced the growth stages until 1945, the stagnation in the 1960s, and the business recovery in the 1980s. Most Korean traditional industries had been radically declined under the Japanese colonization; while, Damyang bamboo ware industry and Yeoju pottery industry district have been developed during above all stages. The extended market to Japan helped the local government to establish a training center, and to provide financial aids and technical aids to crafts men. During the 1960s and 1970s, mass production of substitute goods on factory system resulted in the decrease of demand of bamboo ware and pettery. During the 1980s, these industries have slowly recovered as a result of the increased income per capita. The high rate of economic growth in the 1960s and 1970s was playing an important role in the emerging the incleased demand of the bamboo ware and pottery. Second the production-and-marketing system in a traditional industry district became diversified to adjust the demand of products. In Damyang bamboo ware industry district, the level of social division of labor was low until the high economic development period. Bamboo ware were made by a farmer in a small domestic system, The bamboo goods were mainly sold in the periodic market of bamboo ware in Damyang. In the recession period in the 1960s and 1970s, the production-and-marketing system were diversified; a manufacturing-wholesale type business and small-factory type business became established; and the wholesale business and the export traders in the district appeared. In the recovery period in the 1980s, the production-and-marketing systems were more diversified; a small-factory type business started to depend On subcontractors for a part of process of production; and a wholesale business in the district engaged in production of bamboo ware. In Yeoju pottery industry district, the social division of labor was limited until the early 1970s. A pottery was made by a crafts man in a small-business of domestic system and sold by a middle man out of Yeoju. Since the late 1970s, production-and-marketing system become being diversified as a result of the increased demand in Japan and South Korea. In the 1970s, Korean traditional craft pottery was highiy demanded in Japan. The demand encouraged people in Yoeju to become craftsmen and/or to work in the pottery related occupation. In South Korea, the rapid economic growth resulted in incline to pottery due to the development of stainless and plastic bowls and dishes. The production facilities were modernized to provide pottery at the reasonable price. A small-busineas of domestic system was transformed into a small-factory type business. The social division of labor was intensified in the pottery production-and-maketing system. The manufacturing kaoline began to be seperated from the production process of pottery. Within the district, a pottery wholesale business and a retail business started to be established in the 1980s. Third the traditional industry district was divided into "completed one" and "not-completed one" according to whether or not the district firms led the function of the social division of labor. The Damyang bamboo ware industry district is "completed one": the firm within the district is in charge of the supply of raw material, the production and the marketing. In the Damyang bamboo ware district, the social division of labor w and reorganized labor system to improve the external economics effect through intensifying the social division of labor. Lastly, the social division of labor was playing an important role in the development of traditional industry districts. The subdivision of production process and the diversification of business reduced the production cost and overcame the labor shortage through hiring low-waged workers such as family members, the old people and housewives. An enterpriser with small amount of capital easily joined into the business. The risk from business recession were dispersed. The accumulated know-how in the production and maketing provided flexiblility to produce various goods and to extend the life-cycly of a product.d the life-cycly of a product.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.6 s.312
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• pp.28-35
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• 2006

Statistical models of shape variability based on active shape models (ASMs) have been successfully utilized to perform segmentation and recognition tasks in two-dimensional (2D) images. Three-dimensional (3D) model-based approaches are more promising than 2D approaches since they can bring in more realistic shape constraints for recognizing and delineating the object boundary. For 3D model-based approaches, however, building the 3D shape model from a training set of segmented instances of an object is a major challenge and currently it remains an open problem in building the 3D shape model, one essential step is to generate a point distribution model (PDM). Corresponding landmarks must be selected in all1 training shapes for generating PDM, and manual determination of landmark correspondences is very time-consuming, tedious, and error-prone. In this paper, we propose a novel automatic method for generating 3D statistical shape models. Given a set of training 3D shapes, we generate a 3D model by 1) building the mean shape fro]n the distance transform of the training shapes, 2) utilizing a tetrahedron method for automatically selecting landmarks on the mean shape, and 3) subsequently propagating these landmarks to each training shape via a distance labeling method. In this paper, we investigate the accuracy and compactness of the 3D model for the human liver built from 50 segmented individual CT data sets. The proposed method is very general without such assumptions and can be applied to other data sets.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate proper stem cutting position and air temperature to regenerate roots from cuttings of bitter gourd. 'NS454' (NS) and 'Dragon' (DR) cultivars were tested and the cutting position was cut at the 3rd node in the stem (treatment I) and cut at the central part (stem segment) between 3rd leaf and 4th leaf in the stem (treatment II). The air temperature was maintained at 18, 23, 28 and $35^{\circ}C$ in the growth chambers, respectively. The photosynthetic photon flux at the ground of a chamber was maintained in approximately $150-200{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ during the 16-hour photoperiod. The relative humidity in the chambers was maintained over 85%. After 10 days of cuttings, regardless of cutting position, DR and NS cultivars showed 100% the survival rate in the $18^{\circ}C$ or $23^{\circ}C$ treatments, however, most of plants $18^{\circ}C$ treatment had not rooting. In the $28^{\circ}C$ treatment, regardless of cutting position, DR and NS cultivars showed 100% of the rooting rate. In the $23^{\circ}C$ treatment, for DR cultivar, the node cutting showed 90% of rooting rate and the stem segment cutting showed 40% rooting rate. For NS cultivar, the node cutting showed 50% of rooting rate and the stem segment cutting showed 40% rooting rate. DR and NS cultivars have high rooting rate, while the rooting rate remarkably decreased in the $35^{\circ}C$ treatment. For DR cultivar, the stem segment cutting showed 5.3 of the highest rooting number and the node cutting showed 2.7 rooting number in the $28^{\circ}C$ treatment. NS cultivar was not significantly different the rooting regardless of cutting position. The results suggested that cutting at the stem segment cutting of bitter gourd is an effective cutting method for increasing survival rate and the air temperature should be maintained at $28^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.495-505
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• 2014

The retention basin is a river-facility for the flood mitigation by storing the river flow temporarily. The new 3 retention basins are installed in these regions YeoJu, NaJu, YoungWol by the Large River Management Project. In this study, 1D and 2D numerical flow simulation are conducted to evaluate the reduction effect of the peak flood stage for the YeoJu retention basin. HEC-RAS and FLDWAV models are used for 1D simulation with the option of retention basin. CCHE2D model is used for 2D simulation with the same hydrograph used in 1D simulation. It is verified that the peak flood stage is reduced very largely about 0.13 m near the overtopping section of the levee in 1D simulation. It is verified that the peak flood stage is reduced very largely about 0.20 m at the upstream-end of the simulated reach in 2D simulation. 2D simulation for the retention basin is more reasonable because physical characteristics of topography in the model, and also more advantageous for the evaluation of the flow characteristics of the in- and outside of the retention basin on the results of simulation of this study.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 1993

Although corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids are now widely grown as a silage crop in Korea, but agronomic data and silage quality of the corn hybrids produced from farmer's fields have not been published. Therefore, a research survey assessing forage yield and quality of the corn hybrids was conducted at 8 and 13 dairy farms in 1988 and 1989, respectively. in Yoju and Ichon. Kyeongi Province. In 1988, percent ear bearing plants, plant population, ear/total dry matter ratio. percent dry matter and dry matter yield of corn hybrids were 75.3%, 75,826 plants/ha, 38.3%, 23.8% and 12,661 kg/ha. respectively. compared with corresponding values of 79.5%. 79,981 plants/ha, 41.1%. 20.7% and 16.152 kg/ha in 1989, but 11.9% of rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) was recorded in 1989. The Flieg's score of corn silage made by dairy farmers ranged from 70 to 100 and averaged 91. The corn silage produced from dairy farms was characterized as a high quality grade. Survey data indicated that late maturing types of corn hybrids with a higher plant population were grown at farmer's fields. As a result, the performances of the corn hybrids produced by farmers were much lower than those of research institutes. Therefore, dairy farmers in the mid-northern regions of Korea should grow more early maturing corn hybrids and use much lower plant population than those of the present.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.190-194
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• 2017

Oyster mushrooms are one of the most popular edible mushrooms in Korea. The 'Santari' cultivar bred in this study, which belongs to the species Pleurotus pulmonarius, is a new oyster mushroom cultivar for bottle culture. It was bred by mating monokaryons isolated from 'GMPO20404' and 'Hosan'. The optimum temperature for 'Santari' mycelial growth was $26-29^{\circ}C$ on PDA medium, and the temperatures for primordium formation and for growth of the fruit body on sawdust medium were $22^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. It took 34 days to complete the spawn run, 3 days to form primordia, and 3 days to finish fruit body growth in the bottle culture. The fruit body pilei were round in shape and brownish, whereas the stipes were long, thick, and white. The yield per bottle of 'Santari' was 172 g/1,100 mL, which was 43% higher than that of the reference cultivar ('Hosan'). The springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and brittleness of the stipe tissue were 87%, 82%, 193 g, and 16 kg, respectively. These physical property values of 'Santari' were lower than those of the control cultivar, except for the cohesiveness.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.137-153
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• 2010

The issue of spatial equity in public healthcare services is an important issue in rural areas with lower healthcare resources. This study investigates spatial accessibility to public healthcare services by public transport, focusing on bus travel in Yeoju-gun, Gyeonggi-do. We comprehensively analyzed the spatial patterns of accessibility using the measures based on spatial interaction, and compared them with the accessibility patterns by car travel. As a result of analysis, the spatial disparity between the central part of Yeoju-gun (lower accessibility) and its peripheries (higher accessibility) was identified. More specifically, the area and population of lower accessibility areas are greater than those of higher accessibility areas, and the difference in the accessibility values between higher and lower accessible areas is considerably large. Moreover, the accessibility patterns appears somewhat different according to two different travel modes. In particular, about 20% of the entire area presented the opposite patterns between two travel modes. Interestingly, less populated peripheral areas are more included in higher accessible areas by car.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 1998

Soil loss and runoff were investigated in a small watershed located in Sangeo-ri, Yeoju-eup, Yeoju-gun, Kyonggi-do. The watershed with the area of 35 ha consists of forest, grassland, uplands and mulberry. V-notch type water tank. flow-meter, automatic water sampler and rain gauge were installed at the main outlet stream. Out of $1.037.9Mg\;35ha^{-1}$ of total annual rainfall. 17.9% was lost via run-off. The total amount of soil eroded was $152.2Mg\;35ha^{-1}$, of which $78.6Mg\;35ha^{-1}$ was suspended load and $73.6Mg\;35ha^{-1}$ ha was sediment load. The soil losses under different land uses were $16.02Mg\;ha^{-1}$ for upland annual Crops. $2.69Mg\;ha^{-1}$ for mulberry field, $0.58Mg\;ha^{-1}$ for grassland and $0.55Mg\;ha^{-1}$ for forest. The predicted soil loss by Universal Soil Loss Equation was approximately 20% underestimated in forest, grassland and uplands, and 32% underestimated in mulberry field.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2000

This study was conducted to analyse the distribution of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in fruit vegetable production areas in Korea. Soil samples were collected from greenhouses in Sungju (Kyungpook), Yeoju (Kyungki), Haman (Kyungnam), and Chungwon (Choongpook) provinces in 1997-1999. Plant parasitic nematodes were separated for density counting and some of the root-knot nematodes were identified using enzyme phenotypes of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and esterase (EST). Among the 185 farms in Sungju province, Meloiciogyne spp. were detected from 99 farms (53.5%). Other plant parasitic nematodes detected were; Helic~otylmchuss pp. from 7 farms, Aphelenchus spp. from 43 farms, and Criconematids from 26 farms. Using the female enzyme phenotypes of MDH and EST. the four major root-knot nematodes in Korea, M. incognitc~(M I), M. uretznri~(M~ A), M. huplu (MH), and M. juvunica, could be identified. In the enzyme phenotype identification of 13 populations collected from Sunnam in Sungju province, 6 populations were identified as MA, 5 populations were identified as MI, and 2 populations were mixed with MI and MA. Among the 6 populations from Chojun in Sungju province. 4 populations were MA, one population was MI, and one population showed enzyme phenotypes of unknown species. Among the 14 populations of Yeoju province, l I populations were MH and 3 populations were MA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2010

In this study, the effects of Petasites japonicus and Momordica charantia L. extracts on MC3T3-ET1 osteoblastic cells were investigated. Since the activity of osteoblastic cell is one of the important factors for bone formation, the cellular proliferation of osteoblast was evaluated by MTT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Compared to control, the cell proliferation was elevated to 114% and 112% by the treatment of Petasites japonicus and Momordica charantia L. extracts, respectively at the concentration of $10\;{\mu}g/mL$. The cell differentiation was also measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at 3, 7, 14, and 27 days treatments with one of the extracts, respectively. As results, the ALP activity was significantly increased at 3 days, compared to control (p<0.05). To evaluate the effect of Petasites japonicus and Momordica charantia L. extracts on bone nodule formation, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in $\alpha$-MEM for 3, 14, and 21 days and then stained by alizarin red. To determine the expression patterns of bone-related proteins during the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cell differentiation, osteoblast cells were cultured in $\alpha$-MEM for 24 hr. RNA was extracted and RT-PCR analysis was performed to examine the expression of OPG, RANKL and osteocalcin. Petasites japonicus extract exhibited the significant increment of osteocalcin compared with the positive control, which suggests that Petasites japonicus may have beneficial effects on bone health through the proliferation of osteoblast cells.