• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.519-531
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise program on short physical performance battery, bone mineral density and parathyroid hormone levels in elderly women. This study subjects were 22 elderly female volunteers, aged 65-75 years and they divided into the combined exercise group(n=11) and the "no exercise" control group(n=11). The combined exercise included the line dance program performed twice per week for 60 minutes and the resistance exercise program performed once per week during 12 weeks. Exercise intensity was progressively increased from RPE "fairly light" to "slightly hard" (from 11 to 14). The findings of this study were as follows; Short physical performance battery(Balance test, gait speed, and rising from a chair five times) and bone mineral density (lumbar spine L2~L4 bone densities, and the T-score) were significantly increased after 12 weeks in the exercise group compared to the baseline. The PTH level was significantly decreased in the exercise group compared to the baseline. In conclusion, regular and continuous physical activity was effective for improving short physical performance and had a positive effect on bone mineral density and parathyroid hormone. With aging, women have decreased muscle strength and bone density and therefore, it is strongly recommended that women need to carry out continuous physical activity to prevent disease and ensure a healthy retirement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.489-498
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of walking exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) on insulin resistance, adipokines and gut hormones in middle aged obese women. Eleven obese women (BMI > 25kg/m2; body fat > 30%) wore pneumatic pressure belts at both femurs and performed walking exercise consisting of walking for 2 min and resting for 1min twice per day, 3 days/wk for 4 weeks. Insulin significantly increased after exercise (p<0.05), while glucose increased slightly, but not significantly. Additionally, HOMA-IR decreased significantly after exercise (p<0.05), while adiponectin and visfatin increased, but not significantly. Finally, ghrelin (p<0.05) and GLP-1 (p<0.05) increased significantly after exercise. These results suggest that walking exercise with blood flow restriction for 4 weeks improves insulin resistance, adipokines, and gut hormones in obese middle-aged women. Therefore, high intensity walking exercise with blood flow restriction for short periods of time has more positive effects on prevention and treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.642-656
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find the difference of the climacteric symptoms and quality of life according to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in climacteric women. The research design was a descriptive survey with questionaries. A convenience sample of 181 climacteric women aged 45-65 who had climacteric symptoms were selected in Kwangju city, Korea. Sixty-six climacteric women among those subjects were receiving HRT at K university hospital in Kwangju city. Data were collected by the interview with questionaries from Feb 3. 1999 to March 25, 1999. Climacteric symptoms were measured using scores developed by Neugarten(1965) and modified by Park(1989), and the quality of life scale related to climacteric symptoms developed by Hildtich(1996) and modified Kim(1998). Data were analyzed by $x^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation procedures, using SAS/win PC+. The results were as follows ; 1. No statistically significant differences were found between the receiving HRT group and not receiving HRT group in demographic, obstetrical and health related characteristics. 2. There were no significant difference on the climacteric symptoms between the group of women receiving HRT (score 2.4) and the group of women who were not (score 2.6) except psychological area (t= 2.407, p= 0.017). 3. The quality of life of the group of women receiving HRT was significantly higher than that the group of women who were not (t=2.151, p=.032). 4. The quality of life of the group of women receiving HRT were high scores There were significantly high of the quality of life in the vaso-motor change area (t=2.634, p= 0.009), psycho-social change area (t=3.239, p=0.001), and physical change area (t=2.031, p=0,043) in the group of receiving HRT compared to not receiving HRT group. 5. The variables showed significantly differences on the degree of climacteric symptoms of the group of women not receiving HRT were the subjective health state (t=15.81, p=0.000), age (t=7.50, p=0.007), feeling of menopause (t=30.88, p=0,000) and climacteric periods (t=8.66, p=0.003), and receiving HRT were number of para (t=3.95, p=0.050) and feeling of menopause (t=3.94, p=0.050). 6. The variables showed significantly difference on the quality of life of the group of women not receiving HRT were the subjective health state (t=4.14, p=0.044) and feeling of menopause (t=10.86, p=0.001). 7. There were significantly positive correlations between the climacteric symptoms and the quality of life in climacteric women (r=0.512, p=0.000).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1108-1116
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• 2004

Purpose: This research was conducted to provide basic information about the effects of aerobic exercise on physiological change in middle-aged obese women according to differences of ${\beta}$3-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms. Method: Twenty-nine middle aged obese women with over 30%BMI were divided into three groups according to ${\beta}$3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism[Variable Group(VG):9, Normal Group(NG):10, Control Group(CG):10]. The VG and NG groups performed walking at 50% exercise intensity for 30 minutes a day, 4 days a week, for 12 weeks. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program. Result: The level of leptin, insulin and % body fat in the VG and NG groups was significantly lower than those of the CG after 12 weeks. In addition, the level of HDL-C in the VG and NG was significantly higher than that of the CG after 12 weeks. However, TC, TG and body weight between groups didn't appear significant at the end of 12 weeks. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise didn't cause differences in persons with differing ${\beta}$3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms, but aerobic exercise affected the physiological change in middle-aged obese women. The findings suggest that aerobic exercise is a desirable nursing intervention for obesity control in middle-aged obese women.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.1
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• pp.15-54
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• 1992

The present study was accomplished to investigate the relation between menstrual cycle and ovulation by studying the fluctuation of FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone concentration in serum samples of selected senior high school women with normal and delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungijongoktang which was a widely used herb medicine for controlling abnormal menstrual cycles. The obtained results were summarized as follows : 1. There was a significant increase of FSH concentration in women with delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungjongoktang during the preovulatory phase. 2. Jokyungiongoktang produced a significant elevation od LH concentration in women with normal and delayed menstrual cycles, respectively, during the critical interval of ovulation. 3. Estrogen concentration was significantly decreased in women with delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungjongoktang during the critical interval of ovulation. 4. Peogesterone concentration significantly increase in women with delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungjongoktang, respectively, during the postovulatory phase. According to the above results, it can be considered that Jokyungjongoktang restore menstruation and pregnancy-related hormones to normal serum levels of women with normal menstrual cycles by activating maturation of ovum and action of estrogen during the preovulatory phase, ovulation and progesterone synthesis during the critical interval of ovulation, and nidation and endometrium sufficient for the continued pregnacy during the postovulatory phase in women with delayed menstrual cycles.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.120-129
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of menopause symptoms and associated factors in patients with breast cancer who were receiving hormone therapy. Methods: Data were collected with questionnaires from 150 patients with breast cancer who had been on hormone therapy at a hospital in Seoul. Data were analyzed with the t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient to compare the degree of menopause symptoms by demographic, clinical and psychological factors. Results: The mean menopause symptoms score was $13.39{\pm}7.97$. Most participants reported having hot flushes and sweating (75.3%), physical and mental exhaustion (82.7%) and sexual problems (64.7%). Menopause symptoms and depression were correlated with each other (p<.01). Somato-vegetative symptoms were different significantly by age, menopausal status at time of operation, occupation and tumor. Psychological symptoms were different significantly by marital status, operation type and chemotherapy. Urogenital symptoms were different significantly by prior history of cancer, occupation, operation type and radiation therapy. Conclusion: These findings can be used to provide tailored nursing interventions by identifying high risk groups for menopausal symptom among breast cancer patients receiving hormone therapy.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify menopausal symptoms and quality of life (QOL) according to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in rural menopausal women. Methods: Menopausal symptoms and QOL were measured by questionnaires. A total of 50 participants in HRT group had received hormone replacement therapy for 12 weeks and another 50 who had not received hormone therapy were assigned to non-HRT group. Results: Vasomotor symptom score of non-HRT group was significantly higher than that of HRT group (p=.013). There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in all menopausal symptoms except for vasomotor symptom. There were no significant differences between two groups in the total scores and sub-scores of QOL. Total scores and sub-scores of QOL were very low in both group. Menopausal symptoms were significantly negatively correlated with QOL. Conclusion: These results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between HRT group and non-HRT group in menopausal symptoms except for vasomotor symptom and QOL. Menopausal symptoms were moderate and QOL was very low in menopausal women. It is necessary to develop nursing interventions to improve menopausal symptoms and QOL in menopausal women.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.283-290
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• 2014

Recently, As the prevalence of precocious is increased in Korea This study was evaluated the physical growth and female sex hormone characteristics of girls with Idiopathic precocious puberty. Retrospective analysis about the medical record of 113 girls for evaluation of signs of precocious puberty except for organic causes was done. Physical growth features and Female sexual hormone were analyzed. Height SDS and Weight SDS were significantly increased in true sexual precocity compared to pseudo sexual precocity. Hormone studies showed that the level of basal LH, FSH, E2 was significantly higher in true precocious puberty. The finding of this study suggest that we need to develop intervention about physical and psychological problems for precocious puberty girls.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 2017

Phthalates, known as typical endocrine disruptors, are plasticizers used to soften plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Because of their material properties, phthalates are used extensively in the production of toys, flooring, wood processing, detergents, and even cosmetics as lubricants and perfume solvents. Due to their endocrine disrupting effect and other adverse health effects published, recently, phthalates have been regulated in many countries. Besides, in an effort to replace phthalates, several chemical plasticizers such as trioctyltrimellitate (TOTM) and dioctylterephthalate (DIOP) have been used instead of the existing harmful phthalates, and novel alternatives are continuously being developed. Nonetheless, phthalates are still being detected in several plastic products, and the safety of alternatives that are considered safe is being questioned. In this review, we describe the adverse health effects of phthalates, their regulation and the current status of their alternatives.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2010

The results from eight randomized controlled studies demonstrate that venlafaxine is effective in the treatment of hot flashes with tolerable adverse effects. Based on the results of the above studies, venlafaxine can be recommended for the treatment of hot flashes. However, there are limitations in the above studies. The inclusion criteria of 5 studies reviewed in this paper was breast cancer patients, so it's hard to apply the results to the general population in clinical practice. Also 5 studies had less than 100 subjects included, and 18-week study was the longest one among studies reviewed in this paper. Therefore, large and long-term clinical studies with the general population should be conducted to use venlafaxine for the treatment of hot flashes in clinical practice.