• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 1991

In order to compare the food consumption pattern of college girls on weekday and Sunday, the food intake of college girls in a district of Pusan city was analyzed through the factor analysis method. The principal results are as follows. 1. The amount of food intake on Sunday was generally larger than the average values of the food intake on weekday except for soybean & products, meats and beverage. 2. As for correlation coefficients among the intake of each food group, on weekday, positive correlation was noted among rice, potatoes, soybean & products and sea-weeds, fish & shells and fat & oil. And confectionery & sugar showed also a positive correlation to bread, while, on Sunday, vegetables, sea-weeds and meats showed a positive correlation to rice, and other cereals and eggs showed a positive correlation to bread & noodles, too. As for the relationship among rice and bread & noodles, a negative correlation was noted both on weekday and Sunday. 3. As for the factor analysis of the food intake on weekday through the correlation matrix, in the first factor, soybean & products, fat & oil, sea-weeds, rice and fish & shells showed comparatively large factor load, and in the second factor, meats, kimchi, vegetables, soybean & products, fruits and fish & shells showed large factor load. Here the first factor showed the Korean dietary life and the second factor showed subsidiary food (control nutrient) factor. In case of the food intake on Sunday, in the first factor, rice, meats, sea-weeds, soybean & products and vegetables showed large factor load, and in the second factor, fish & shells, vegetables, fat & oil, fruits and rice showed large factor load. Accordingly, the first factor and the second factor were considered to show Korean dietary pattern. 4. Nutrient intake on weekday and Sunday was substantially sufficient to RDA except for energy and iron.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

High energy photon beams from medical linear accelerators produce large scattered radiation by various components of the treatment head, collimator and walls or objects in the treatment room including the patient. These scattered radiation do not provide therapeutic dose and are considered a hazard from the radiation safety perspective. Scattered dose of therapeutic high energy radiation beams are contributed significant unwanted dose to the patient. ICRP take the position that a dose of 500mGy may cause abortion at any stage of pregnancy and that radiation detriment to the fetus includes risk of mental retardation with a possible threshold in the dose response relationship around 100 mGy for the gestational period. The ICRP principle of as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) was recommended for protection of occupation upon the linear no-threshold dose response hypothesis for cancer induction. We suggest this ALARA principle be applied to the fetus and testicle in therapeutic treatment. Radiation dose outside a photon treatment filed is mostly due to scattered photons. This scattered dose is a function of the distance from the beam edge, treatment geometry, primary photon energy, and depth in the patient. The need for effective shielding of the fetus and testicle is reinforced when young patients ate treated with external beam radiation therapy and then shielding designed to reduce the scattered photon dose to normal organs have to considered. Irradiation was performed in phantom using high energy photon beams produced by a Varian 2100C/D medical linear accelerator (Varian Oncology Systems, Palo Alto, CA) located at the Yonsei Cancer Center. The composite phantom used was comprised of a commercially available anthropomorphic Rando phantom (Phantom Laboratory Inc., Salem, YN) and a rectangular solid polystyrene phantom of dimensions $30cm{\times}30cm{\times}20cm$. the anthropomorphic Rando phantom represents an average man made from tissue equivalent materials that is transected into transverse 36 slices of 2.5cm thickness. Photon dose was measured using a Capintec PR-06C ionization chamber with Capintec 192 electrometer (Capintec Inc., Ramsey, NJ), TLD( VICTOREEN 5000. LiF) and film dosimetry V-Omat, Kodak). In case of fetus, the dosimeter was placed at a depth of loom in this phantom at 100cm source to axis distance and located centrally 15cm from the inferior edge of the $30cm{\times}30cm^2$ x-ray beam irradiating the Rando phantom chest wall. A acryl bridge of size $40cm{\times}40cm^2$ and a clear space of about 20 cm was fabricated and placed on top of the rectangular polystyrene phantom representing the abdomen of the patient. The leaf pot for testicle shielding was made as various shape, sizes, thickness and supporting stand. The scattered photon with and without shielding were measured at the representative position of the fetus and testicle. Measurement of radiation scattered dose outside fields and critical organs, like fetus position and testicle region, from chest or pelvic irradiation by large fie]d of high energy radiation beam was performed using an ionization chamber and film dosimetry. The scattered doses outside field were measured 5 - 10% of maximum doses in fields and exponentially decrease from field margins. The scattered photon dose received the fetus and testicle from thorax field irradiation was measured about 1 mGy/Gy of photon treatment dose. Shielding construction to reduce this scattered dose was investigated using lead sheet and blocks. Lead pot shield for testicle reduced the scatter dose under 10 mGy when photon beam of 60 Gy was irradiated in abdomen region. The scattered photon dose is reduced when the lead shield was used while the no significant reduction of scattered photon dose was observed and 2-3 mm lead sheets refuted the skin dose under 80% and almost electron contamination. The results indicate that it was possible to improve shielding to reduce scattered photon for fetus and testicle when a young patients were treated with a high energy photon beam.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.267-281
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• 2019

Energetic mesoscale eddies in the East Sea (ES) associated with strong mesoscale variability impacting circulation and environments were statistically characterized by analyzing satellite altimeter data collected during 1993-2017 and in-situ data obtained from four cruises conducted between 2015 and 2017. A total of 1,008 mesoscale eddies were detected, tracked, and identified and then classified into 27 groups characterized by mean lifetime (L, day), amplitude (H, m), radius (R, km), intensity per unit area (EI, $cm^2/s^2/km^2$), ellipticity (e), eddy kinetic energy (EKE, TJ), available potential energy (APE, TJ), and direction of movement. The center, boundary, and amplitude of mesoscale eddies identified from satellite altimeter data were compared to those from the in-situ observational data for the four cases, yielding uncertainties in the center position of 2-10 km, boundary position of 10-20 km, and amplitude of 0.6-5.9 cm. The mean L, H, R, EI, e, EKE, and APE of the ES mesoscale eddies during the total period are $95{\pm}104$ days, $3.5{\pm}1.5cm$, $39{\pm}6km$, $0.023{\pm}0.017cm^2/s^2/km^2$, $0.72{\pm}0.07$, $23{\pm}21TJ$, and $588{\pm}250TJ$, respectively. The ES mesoscale eddies tend to move following the mean surface current rather than propagating westward. The southern groups (south of the subpolar front) have a longer L, larger H, R, and higher EKE, APE; and stronger EI than those of the northern groups and tend to move a longer distance following surface currents. There are exceptions to the average characteristics, such as the quasi-stationary groups (the Wonsan Warm, Wonsan Cold, Western Japan Basin Warm, and Northern Subpolar Frontal Cold Eddy groups) and short-lived groups with a relatively larger H, higher EKE, and APE and stronger EI (the Yamato Coastal Warm, Central Yamato Warm, and Eastern Japan Basin Coastal Warm eddy groups). Small eddies in the northern ES hardly resolved using the satellite altimetry data only, were not identified here and discussed with potential over-estimations of the mean L, H, R, EI, EKE, and APE. This study suggests that the ES mesoscale eddies 1) include newly identified groups such as the Hokkaido and the Yamato Rise Warm Eddies in addition to relatively well-known groups (e.g., the Ulleung Warm and the Dok Cold Eddies); 2) have a shorter L; smaller H, R, and lower EKE; and stronger EI and higher APE than those of the global ocean, and move following surface currents rather than propagating westward; and 3) show large spatial inhomogeneity among groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.333-338
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• 2014

The fact is that in addition to an increase in social needs that must be managed systematically unnecessary exposure in the field of medical Recent important that the shield has emerged. However, products that are now in practical use, are not subdivided as compared to various medical radiology. Therefore, in the present study, we tried to present with the help of Monte Carlo simulation the structure of the shielding material that has been optimized. Simulated estimation result, the energy of the mammography for (30 kVp) spectrum, check the shielding rate of 90% or more $30{\mu}mPb$, at 2 mmAl case of shielding material of a single, at design time of 1 mmAl and 0.03 mmPb a double shield structure it is determined that more efficient. Also, check the blocking rate of 90% or more $340{\mu}mPb$, at 30 mmAl energy captured general in (80 kVp) spectra, it is considered that a double shield structure, design 1 mmAl and 0.3 mmPb is useful. These results, be used as basic material for the development of commercialization customized products for dose reduction is expected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.237-244
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• 2011

Generally, X-ray examinations for dentistry use low energy radiation. It explains that the radiations are mainly absorbed to a human body because of the weak permeability. We made up some counterplans for decrease in radiation exposure, when guardians and radiologists are overexposed owing to unavoidable circumstances. The equipments for the test are GX-770 and CRANEX TOME CEPH which are used for various exams. Besides we measured the radiations in the projection room and in the control room using model 2026c and 20X6-1800. According to the test, the measurement value in the control room was low dose below $20{\mu}R$, the maximum dose in the projection room was $702.8{\mu}R$ and the measurement value of back dose was higher than lateral one. As the result, if we use a shielding door, it's effective for radioprotection and when we didn't prepare protectors, we should secure appropriate distance and be situated at the side area($90{\sim}135^{\circ}$) on the basis of centeral radiation. That way will provide valuable aid for radioprotection.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

Cell segmentation is an important but time-consuming and laborious task in biological image analysis. An automated, robust, and fast method is required to overcome such burdensome processes. These needs are, however, challenging due to various cell shapes, intensity, and incomplete boundaries. A precise cell segmentation will allow to making a pathological diagnosis of tissue samples. A vast body of literature exists on cell segmentation in microscopy images [1]. The majority of existing work is based on input images and predefined feature models only - for example, using a deformable model to extract edge boundaries in the image. Only a handful of recent methods employ data-driven approaches, such as supervised learning. In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven cell segmentation algorithm for bright-field microscopy images. The proposed method minimizes an energy formula defined by two dictionaries - one is for input images and the other is for their manual segmentation results - and a common sparse code, which aims to find the pixel-level classification by deploying the learned dictionaries on new images. In contrast to deformable models, we do not need to know a prior knowledge of objects. We also employed convolutional sparse coding and Alternating Direction of Multiplier Method (ADMM) for fast dictionary learning and energy minimization. Unlike an existing method [1], our method trains both dictionaries concurrently, and is implemented using the GPU device for faster performance.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1A
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• pp.11-18
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• 2012

This paper deals with the numerical determination of the stress intensity factors of cracked aluminum plates under the mixed mode of $K_I$ and $K_{II}$ in glass-epoxy fiber reinforced composites. For the stress intensity factors, two different models are reviewed such as VCCT and two-step extension method. The p-convergent partial layerwise model is adopted to determine the fracture parameters in terms of energy release rates and stress intensity factors. The p-convergent approach is based on the concept of subparametric element. In assumed displacement field, strain-displacement relations and 3-D constitutive equations of a layer are obtained by combination of 2-D and 1-D higher-order shape functions. In the elements, Lobatto shape functions and Gauss-Lobatto technique are employed to interpolate displacement fields and to implement numerical quadrature. Using the models and techniques considered, effects of composite laminate configuration according to inclined angles and adhesive properties on the performance of bonded composite patch are investigated. In addition to these, the out-of-plane bending effect has been investigated across the thickness of patch repaired laminate plates due to the change of neutral axis. The present model provides accuracy and simplicity in terms of stress intensity factors, stress distribution, number of degrees of freedom, and energy release rates as compared with previous works in literatures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.26-50
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• 1982

In order to obtain more detailed information concerning the degradation of lignin in the oxygen alkali pulping single stage isothermal delignification of pine wood meal (Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.) was studied in the oxygen alkali system at five temperature level ($110^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$, $140^{\circ}C$, $150^{\circ}C$) for 60 min.. The rate constant, activation energy, oxygen and alkali consumption during the oxygen alkali delignification were determined by the kinetic method. The 2/5 of total lignin was eliminated at the start of the reaction. The delignification rate constant was about 3 times that of caustic soda pulping. The activation energy was about 1/3 lower than in caustic soda pulping. Like oxygen consumption, alkali consumption was also rapid early at the reaction and almost ceased after about 10 min.. The degradation reaction of lignin was strongly dependent upon the pH decrease of the cooking liquor by organic acid generated in pulping. The lignin in the oxygen alkali pulping degraded into lover molecular weight and had more hydrophillic properties. The methoxyl group decreased considerably at the first of oxygen alkali delignification, while the carbonyl, carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl group increased rapidly.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.82.1-82.1
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• 2010

수소화된 비정질 실리콘 박막을 이용한 반도체는 현재 태양전지, 트랜지스터, 매트릭스 배열 및 이미지 센서 등의 분야에서 이용되고 있다. 자세히 이야기 하면, 여러 가지의 광전효과 물질에 대한 특성이 있으며, 가시광선영역에 대하여 > $10^5cm^{-1}$이상의 매우 높은 광흡수계수와 낮은 온도를 갖는 증착공정 등이 있다. 박막의 밴드갭은 약 1.6~1.8eV로서 태양전지의 흡수층과 passivation층으로 적절하다. 여러 가지 종류의 태양전지 중 비정질 실리콘 박막/결정질 실리콘 기판의 구조로 이루어진 이종접합 태양전지는 저온에서 공정이 가능한 대표적인 것으로서 HIT(Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer)구조로 산요사에 의해 제안된 것이다. 이것은 결정질 실리콘 기판과 도핑된 비정질 실리콘 박막사이에 얇은 진성층 비정질실리콘 박막을 삽입함으로서, 캐리어 전송을 좋게하여 실리콘 기판 표면의 passivation효과를 증대시키는 결과를 가지고 온다. 실험실 규모에서는 약 20%이상의 효율을 보이고 있으며, 모듈에서는 19.5%의 높은 효율을 보이고 있어 실리콘 기판을 이용한 고효율 태양전지로서 각광을 받고 있다. 이러한 이종접합 태양전지의 대부분은 단결정 실리콘을 사용하고 있는데, 점차적으로 다결정 실리콘 기판으로 추세가 바뀌고 있어, 여기에 맞는 표면 passivation 공정 및 분석이 필요하다. 본 발표에서는 다결정 실리콘 기판위에 진성층 비정질 실리콘 박막을 유도결합 플라즈마 화학기상 증착법(ICP-CVD)을 이용하여 제조하여 passivation 효과를 분석한다. 일반적으로 ICP는 CCP(coupled charged plasma)에 비해 약 100배 이상 높은 플라즈마 밀도를 가지고 있으며, 이온 충돌같은 표면으로 작용하는 것들이 기존 방식에 비해서 작다라는 장점이 있다. 먼저, 유리기판을 사용하여 ICP-CVD 챔버내에 이송 한 후 플라즈마 파워, 온도 및 가스비(SiH4/H2)에 따른 진성층 비정질 실리콘 박막을 증착 한 후, 밴드갭, 전도도 및 결합구조 등에 대한 결과를 분석한 후, 최적의 값을 가지고 250um의 두께를 갖는 다결정 실리콘을 기판위에 증착을 한다. 두께(1~20nm)에 따라 표면의 passivation이 되는 정도를 QSSPCD(Quasi steady state Photoconductive Decay)법에 의하여 소수캐리어의 이동거리, 재결합율 및 수명 등에 대한 측정 및 분석을 통하여 다결정 실리콘 기판의 passivation effect를 확인한다. 제시된 데이터를 바탕으로 향후 다결정 HIT셀 제조를 통해 태양전지 효율에 대한 특성을 비교하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

The segmentation of cartilage is crucial for the diagnose and treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), and has mostly been done manually by an expert, requiring a considerable amount of time and effort due to the thin shape and vague boundaries of the cartilage in MR (magnetic resonance) images. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic method to segment cartilage in a knee joint on MR images. The proposed method is based on a small number of manually segmented images as the training set and comprised of an initial per patch segmentation process and a global refinement process on the cumulative per patch results. Each patch for per patch segmentation is positioned by classifying the bone-cartilage interface on the pre-segmented bone surface. Next, the shape and intensity priors are constructed for each patch based on information extracted from reference patches in the training set. The ratio of influence between the shape and intensity priors is adaptively determined per patch. Each patch is segmented by graph cuts, where energy is defined based on constructed priors. Finally, global refinement is conducted on the global cartilage using the results of per patch segmentation as the shape prior. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed framework provide accurate and clinically useful segmentation results.