• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1073-1074
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• 2003

본 연구는 고학력 중년 여성을 대상으로 취업 여부에 따른 영양섭취 상태의 차이를 분석하여 고학력 중년 여성의 영양 및 건강관리를 위한 대책 마련의 기초자료로 활용하고자 시행되었다. 연구 대상자의 선정은 유의추출 방법으로 전업 여성은 고학력자 비율이 높은 대전시의 일정 지역에 거주하는 기혼여성으로 하였고, 취업여성은 여러 직업의 특성으로 인한 교란(confounding)을 줄이기 위하여 고학력 여성의 비율이 높은 기혼의 교사로 한정하였다. 연령에 의한 교란을 방지하기 위하여 연령대별로 동일 비율로 무작위 추출하여 전업여성 250명, 취업여성 236명을 대상으로, 24시간 회상법을 이용하여 조사 전일 하루동안의 식이 섭취 내용을 개별 면담으로 조사하였다. 1일 영양소 섭취 조사 결과 취업여성은 전업여성에 비해 인, 비타민 B$_1$, B$_2$를, 전업여성은 취업여성에 비해 지방 및 동물성 지방, 나트륨, 비타민 C, 엽산을 많이 섭취하고 있었다. P/M/S비는 전업여성 1/1.19/1.05, 취업여성 l/l.05/0.87로 나타나 취업여성이 전업여성에 비해서, 그리고 한국인 영양권장량의 기준(1/1/1)에 비해서 포화지방의 비가 낮았다. 또한 지방 에너지 구성비도 전업여성(24.38%)이 취업여성(23.29%)에 비해 높았고, 총 열량에 대한 동물성 지방의 섭취비율이 전업여성 12.44%, 취업여성 11.46%으로 나타나 전업여성이 취업여성에 비해 동물성 지방, 포화지방비, 지방에너지 구성비가 모두 높았다. 영양권장량에 대한 영양소 섭취 백분율에서 전업여성과 취업여성 모두 칼슘과 아연을 권장량에 비해 낮게 섭취하고 있었고, 질적 영양지수(INQ)도 두 군 모두에서 칼슘이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 인의 영양밀도(Nutrient Density)가 취업주부에서 높았던 점 외에는 영양밀도와 영양소 적정섭취비(NAR) 모두에서 비타민 B$_1$, B$_2$가 전업여성에 비해 취업여성이, 비타민 C가 취업여성에 비해 전업여성이 더 높았다. 한편 두 군 모두 INQ가 가장 높은 영양소는 인이었고, INQ가 가장 낮은 영양소는 칼슘으로 나타났으며, INQ가 1 미만인 영양소는 칼슘과 함께 철분으로 나타났다. 이는 1998년도 국민건강영양조사 결과에서 45세 이상 여성의 경우 관절염, 요통.좌골통, 디스크 등 근골격계질환 유병률이 남자보다 3배정도 높게 나타난 결과에 비추어볼 때 이들 관련 영양소에 대한 섭취 방안 지도의 필요성을 제시하고 있다. 결론적으로 고학력 중년 여성중 전업여성에 대해서는 지방 특히 동물성 지방 식품 섭취에 대한 적절한 영양교육과 식사관리 지도가 요구된다 하겠다. 또한 고학력 중년 여성은 취업 여부에 관계없이 칼슘과 철분이 많이 함유된 식품으로 식사량을 증가시켜 주는 영양 지도 및 영양 보강 대책이 요구되며, 칼슘과 인의 적정섭취비가 되도록 인의 섭취를 낮추는 식생활 지도가 필요하다.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2000

The future costs of energy and the cost of the repair of apartment buildings are expected to rise continuously in proportion to the initial costs. Therefore it has become important for these increasing costs to be incorporated and reflected in the design of the building. Systems such as structure and services for the buildings remain constant, but a number of the walls and windows can vary and thus have a major influence on the total construction and running costs of a building. The critical factor in the apartment unit design for the optimization of life cycle cost (LCC) is the ratio of the x and y axis of the walls in the unit plan. This paper demonstrates how to achieve the optimal size and thus optimize the LCC of the building.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2012

This paper assessed environmental impact of tidal power plant construction in the western sea of Korea, and diagnosed problems of the related assessment. We also proposed key assessment items (scoping) and system improvement for environmental impact assessment (EIA). The establishment of a broad consensus of the appropriateness and a clear purpose for business is an important aspect of the aptness of using the waters, and the aggressive collecting of opinions of the stakeholder and institutions will have to be fulfilled. In addition, we presented the following scoping plan in order to minimize the negative effects of the marine ecosystem and the conflict between the people who work in the fishing industry which result due to the construction of the tidal power plants. (1) the change in seawater exchange rates and the aspect of erosion/sedimentation which result from the change in the velocity of running fluid, (2) the destruction of spawns/habitats of fish due to the damage of tidal flats, (3) fishery resources, impacts of fishing grounds, and the spread of suspended sediments, etc. will have to be applied to the key assessment items(scoping). In addition, every citizen will have work hard for an establishment of an active plan which achieves the harmony and balance of environmental preservation and for the policy to be applied through changing their consciousness of environmental preservation.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2019

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary apparent metabolizable energy and protein concentrations on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility of Korean native ducks. In $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement, 1-d-old Korean native ducks were completely randomized to experimental diets with 2,800 and 2,900 kcal of AMEn/kgofdiet, respectively, from 0 to 21 d of age. From 22 to 56 d of age, experimental diets 3,000 and 3,100 kcal of, and contained 16% and 17% CP, respectively. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. And BW gain were higher during 0 to 21 d (P<0.01) in AME 2,800 kcal/kg and CP 21% diet treatment than other treatments. As AME increased from 2,800 to 2,900 kcal/kg, feed intake was decreased (P<0.05) during 0 to 21 d. From 22 to 56 d of age, the, BW gain, feed intake and were not different among the treatments. Carcass ratio, relative weight per 100 of BW (wing, back, neck, breast, and leg), nutrient digestibility, meat color and nutrient composition in breast meat the treatments. In conclusion, diets with 2,800 kcal of AME/kg and 21% CP or with 3,000 kcal of AME/kg and 17% CP at 0 to 21 d and 22 to 56 d, respectively, were more efficient.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate whether nutritional supply influences biochemical markers and clinical outcomes in patients who received continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) by evaluating adequacy of nutritional supply for patients. Methods: From January 2012 to December 2013, 239 adult patients who received CRRT in the intensive care unit for more than 3 days were included. General information from electronic medical records and nutritional status related biochemical data and clinical outcomes on the first day of CRRT and 2 weeks after CRRT were collected. Results: The rate of delivered energy and protein was 68.06% and 43.13% which was much lower than energy and protein supply based on their requirement. When the patients were divided into two groups according to 70% of energy received rate and 50% of protein received rate, the group with more than 70% of energy received rate showed significant decrease of length of hospital stay (p = 0.007), length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) (p = 0.008), duration of CRRT (p < 0.001), and APACHE II score (p < 0.001) compared to less than 70% of energy received rate after adjusting for age. In addition, the group with more than 50% of protein received rate showed decreased mortality (p = 0.031), length of hospital stay (p = 0.008), length of ICU stay (p = 0.035), duration of CRRT (p < 0.001), and APACHE II score (p < 0.001) after adjusting for age. We found that the level of hematocrit (p = 0.006) was significantly improved in the group with more than 70% of energy received rate, and the level of TLC (p = 0.049), hematocrit (p = 0.041) was significantly improved in the group with more than 50% of protein received rate. We also found that energy delivery was negatively correlated with length of stay in ICU (p = 0.049) and positively correlated with level of calcium (p = 0.037). In addition, protein delivery was correlated with the levels of serum total protein (p = 0.021), serum albumin (p = 0.048), hematocrit (p = 0.009), and total cholesterol (p = 0.021) when dead patients were included, but was correlated with the levels of hematocrit (p = 0.034) and calcium (p = 0.024) when dead patients were excluded. Conclusion: Proper nutritional delivery may help patients' clinical outcomes for patients receiving CRRT. However, their actual intakes of energy and protein were not adequate for their requirements. Identification of patients with malnutrition is necessary and a multidisciplinary approach for systemic management is also required.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.302-311
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• 2021

This study uses traditional lacquer techniques to coat the metal surface and evaluates its physical properties to check the applicability of the lacquer coating. For this purpose, a total of six specimens were produced by setting the variation conditions for the number of times (1, 2, 3) and the heating temperature (120℃, 150℃) using SS275 metal(60*60 mm) and 'Wonju lacquer'. For analysis, chromaticity measurements, contact angle/surface energy measurements, Chemical Resistance, and cross-cut tests were used. The analysis showed that the corrosivity was improved and the adhesion of lacquer to the metal surface was excellent. There was no significant change in contact angle/surface energy. Also, there was no significant difference in color. Through this study, it was confirmed that lacquer on metal surfaces improves waterproofing and has a anticorrosion effect. We could also check the proper number of lacquer and heating temperature. Additional physical characteristics such as hardness and wear rate should be studied. It is also necessary to study how lacquer can be painted with a certain thickness.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.40-47
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a probability method to determine minimum capacity of energy storage system(ESS) for Micro Grid(MG). Because of high capital cost of ESS, it's very important to determine optimal capacity of ESS and for stable operation of MG and we should determine minimum capacity of ESS. The proposed method has abilities to consider forced outage rate of generators and intermittent of non-dispatchable generators and minimum capacity make MG keep energy balancing by oneself.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2023

Hydrogen has gained attention as an environmentally friendly energy source among various renewable options, however, its application in agriculture remains limited. This study aims to apply the hydrogen fuel cell triple heat-combining system, originally not designed for greenhouses, to greenhouses in order to save energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This system can produce heating, cooling, and electricity from hydrogen while recovering waste heat. To implement a hydrogen fuel cell triple heat-combining system in a greenhouse, it is crucial to evaluate the greenhouse's heating and cooling load. Accurate analysis of these loads requires considering factors such as greenhouse configuration, existing heating and cooling systems, and specific crop types being cultivated. Consequently, this study aimed to estimate the cooling and heating load using building energy simulation (BES). This study collected and analyzed meteorological data from 2012 to 2021 for semi-enclosed greenhouses cultivating tomatoes in Jeonju City. The covering material and framework were modeled based on the greenhouse design, and crop energy and soil energy were taken into account. To verify the effectiveness of the building energy simulation, we conducted analyses with and without crops, as well as static and dynamic energy analyses. Furthermore, we calculated the average maximum heating capacity of 449,578 kJ·h^-1 and the average cooling capacity of 431,187 kJ·h^-1 from the monthly maximum cooling and heating load analyses.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.3 s.29
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• pp.105-114
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• 2006

A popular alternative to extend the life of aged pavement is asphalt overlay. However, it has a very serious and inherent shortcoming in deterring a reflection crack. Although joint-rehabilitation and stress-relief techniques have been applied to deter such reflection cracks in aged pavement, the techniques had a limited success only in slowing down the progress of a reflection crack. Rubblization technique rubblizes the concrete pavement slab in situ and uses the rubblized slab as the base material. Then, pavement overlay is applied to finish off the rehabilitation of aged pavement. This rubblization technique has the advantage of solving the problem of reflection cracking completely. When rubblization technique is applied, the upper layer of aged concrete pavement is rubblized between 40mm-70mm in depth. However, the lower layer is typically rubblized more than 100mm in depth. Nevertheless, it is difficult to turn the entire concrete pavement of more than 30cm in depth into rubblized aggregate of appropriate size. Thus, a simulation experiment was carried out to find the appropriate rubblized depth, which avoids the reflection cracking and still maintains the function of subbase, by varying the depth of rubblized depth in loom increments of 0cm, 10cm, and 20cm. The result indicated the optimum rubblized depth was 10cm (Lee, 2006). Additionally, a small rubblizinge equipment was developed in order to derive the rubblization technique appropriate for thick concrete pavement. This equipment was tested out on an experimental pavement, which was constructed with the same standard and specification for the road in actual use, by varying its rubblizing head shape and energy as well as the effective area of rubblization. This experiment led to a prototype equipment for rubblization of thick concrete pavement. The prototype was put into use on a highway, undergoing a test construction and monitoring afterwards. This entire process was necessary for the validation of the proposed rubblization technique.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.09a
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• pp.58-60
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• 2008

발전소에서 만들어진 전력을 소비자까지 수송하는 송변전변 및 배전설비를 주 대상으로 하는 전력계통 설비의 운영에는 전력의 수송과 이를 위해 설치되는 각종 기자재로부터 인체 및 재산의 안전을 확보하기 위해 많은 종류의 절연재를 사용하고 있다. 지금까지 전력분야에서 사용되어 온 절연재는 자기재(porcelain)가 주종을 이루어 왔으나 재료기술의 발달과 함께 폴리머 절연재료들이 속속 개발되면서 자기재에 비해 가격 및 시공성 등에서 이점이 많은 폴리머 절연재가 자기재를 대체하고 있다. 그러나 폴리머 절연재료는 기들의 재질 및 사용 환경 등에 따라 일정 수명을 가지는 것으로 나타나 수명종기에 이르면 폐기물로 배출되게 된다. 전력산업 중 배전분야에서는 2007년 구매한 기자재를 기준으로 연간 13만연 톤의 전력폐기물이 발생될것으로 예측되었으며 이들은 PE, XLPE, FRP, PVC, EPDM, Silicone 등 유기성분이 약 40%, Cu, Al, 철 등 금속과 무기성분이 약 60% 인 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나 전선 및 케이블류를 제외한 기자재를 대상으로 한 분석에서는 유기성분의 함량이 90%에 이르며 이들은 석유화학공업의 원료로부터 만들어지는 특성상 높은 에너지를 함유하는 것으로 나타난 바, 이들을 적정하게 처리하는 방안의 확보는 폐기물의 처리 외에 폐기물로부터 에너지를 회수하여 자원화하는 것이 가능한 것으로 보여진다.