• 월간낙농육우
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• v.18 no.9 s.197
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• pp.62-66
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• 1998

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.442-445
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• 2011

Macrocyclic lactone resistance has been reported in populations of Parascaris equorum from several countries. A Grant's zebra (Equus burchelli bohmi) was admitted to the Equine Hospital at Jeju Race Park with signs of chronic weight loss and severe depression. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia and dehydration. Over the course of a day, the zebra suffered from severe abdominal pain and subsequently died. Prior to admission, the zebra had received prophylactic anthelmintic treatment with ivermectin 3 times at 3-month intervals and was dewormed with ivermectin 30 days prior to the onset of depression. At necropsy, there were masses of ascarids in the stomach and small intestine, and intestinal perforation. There are many reports of ivermectin-resistant P. equorum in horses. However, anthelmintic resistance has not been formally demonstrated in zebras. This report describes diagnosed case of gastrointestinal impaction and intestinal perforation by P. equorum in an adult zebra. We suspect that ivermectin-resistant P. equorum larvae were the cause.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2002

The oriental beetle, Exomala orientalis, Is the most important insect pest of turfgrass in Korean golf courses. The study was carried out to get practical information on the sampling of E. orientalis in golf courses. Real numbers of E. orientalis larvae were compared with and observed numbers depending on sampling size (5$\times$5 cm, l0$\times$10 cm, 20$\times$20 cm, 30$\times$30 cm, and 40$\times$40 cm) and times (3 to 15 replicates) in Dongrae Benest Golf Club. Over 95% accuracy was obtained between real data and estimated data at the density of over 303 larvae/m$^2$ when the 20$\times$20 cm was sampled with 4 replications. Larval density of E. orientalis was different depending on year and course sites (tee, fairway, rough, green).

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.164-167
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• 2006

Potential factors favoring black stains during fruit development in Pyrus serotina was investigated. Black stain occurred from young fruit till harvest. The color of the affected fruits in early stage was black or light reddish brown, but turned to light brown over time. Fruit bags with lower light transmission and inner bags with poor aeration stimulated the symptoms, and high water permeability of the bags increased the black stain. Much rain and/or poor light transmission and aeration within the canopies also favored the occurrence of black stain. Diminution of pathogenic fungi density by lime sulfur was more effective than the canopy spray of fungicide for the prevention of black stain.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

The ultrastructure of the fertilized egg envelope from dark sleeper, Odontobutis obscurus interrupta belong to Eleotrididae was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The fertilized egg of dark sleeper was of transparent, ellipsoidal, adhesive and demersal type, and there were numerous oil droplets in the yolk sac and adhesive filaments in the area of the animal pole. The outer surface of egg envelope was smooth with pore canal. The fertilized egg envelope consisted of two layers, an outer nonadhesive layer and an inner layer, consisting of seven horizontal low electron-dense lamellae alternating with the middle electron dense interlamellae. These ultrastructural characters of fertilized egg envelope from dark sleeper can be utilized in taxonomy of teleost.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.13-18
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• 2007

Morphological characters of adult and immature stages on Elophila turbata (Butler, 1881) belonging to subfamily Nymphulinae, family Crambidae are redescribed base on Korean materials. Also we observed biological characters of this species including host plants, Spirodela polyrhiza(L.) Schleiden, Salvinia natans ($Linn\acute{e}$) Allioni and Lemna perpusilla Torre. And, photographs of adult, genitalia and immature stages are provided.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.317-320
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• 2015

The one specimen of Astrabe fasciata, belonging to the family Gobiidae was collected from the Dokdo of East Sea in Korea, and described as the first record from Korea. The specimen is characterized by having two dorsal fins, pectoral fin with free rays (five upper, two lower), protrusion on upper posterior part of supraorbital dermal fold, white spots dispersed on head and five white transverse bends on the body. We proposed its Korean name "Dok-do-eol-ruk-mang-duk-sok" and "Dok-do-eol-ruk-mang-duk" for the genus and species, respectively.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 1998

The white grubs in turfgrass were investigated from 15 golf clubs in 7 provinces and 2 metropolitan cities. 12 white grub species were collected and 11 species in 8 genera including oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis were identified but 1 species was not identified. The oriental beetle grub was the most serious pest in turfgrass out of them. The brown chafer, Adoretus tenuimaculatus was widely distributed species collected from 6 golf clubs, Maladera castanea was collected from 5 golf clubs and A. orientalis, Holotrichia kiotoensis, and M. orientalis were collected from 4 golf clubs. The white grubs, their density, and distribution depth were also observed at tee, fairway, and green from Yongweon, Daegu, and Dongrae golf clubs. A. orientalis was dominant species in overwintering season but A. tenuimaculatus was dominant one in unoverwintering season. The density of white grubs was low in the green compared with tee or fairway. Distribution depth was different depending on season in Daegu and Dongrae golf clubs but not different in Yongweon golf club. Although there showed no differences in white grub species depending on turfgrass but density was different, that is, A. tenuimaculatus was abundant in Zoysia matrella while A. orientalis abundant in Poa pratensis. The density of A. orientalis grubs was higher in older golf courses but there showed no differences in white grub species depending on the age of golf club.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.230-235
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• 2009

Postharvest skin sooty dapple and decay disease of pear fruit often originates at small stain symptoms that occurred during harvest and handling. Experiments were conducted to characterize the effect of timing of application of disease control materials, and to evaluate sequential postharvest applications of fungicides or fungicides and bio-control agents. Fungicides and bio-control agents were increasingly less effective when the period between harvest and application was prolonged. Thiabendazole (TBZ) applied to fruit without artificial wounding or inoculation effectively reduced skin sooty and decay disease when applied within 3 weeks or 6 weeks in 2 years of study. TBZ, Fludioxonil and pyrimethanil were effective in controlling skin sooty and decay disease at artificial wounds inoculated with Cladosporium tenuissimum up to 14 days after inoculation. Application of TBZ at harvest followed 3 weeks later by application of Fludioxonil was superior to application of TBZ at harvest alone. Two bacterial biocontrol agents reduced skin sooty and decay disease at pear wounds inoculated with C. tenuissimum up to 14 days after inoculation with C. tenuissimum, but were ineffective when applied at 28 days after inoculation. Of possible sequential arrangements of fungicide and bio-control treatments, application of the most effective material promptly after harvest generally resulted in the highest level of disease control.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.468-472
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• 2014

The effect of pre-storage treatments was investigated to control the occurrence of fruit skin stain in 'Niitaka' pears. The incidence of fruit skin stains was significantly reduced when the fruits were stored in paper bags with a yellow inner color, compared to when they were stored in paper bags with blue and red inner colors. Additionally, the pear fruits that were harvested seven days earlier than their optimum maturity date developed less fruit skin stains in cold storage and retained their quality. Storage in polyethylene (PE) bags did not control the occurrence of fruit skin stains as effectively as did bag-free storage or storage in calcium-coated bags. The dipping of the pear fruits in a chlorine dioxide and calcium solution was highly effective in reducing the fruit skin stains compared to when they were not dipped or when they were dipped only in distilled water. In particular, a 1,500 times diluted solution of sodium dichloroisocyannurate (NaDCC) reduced the incidence of fruit skin stains and the size of the lesions. No stain was observed on the skin of the fruit with a water content lower than 67.7% (w/v) during its storage. In conclusion, packaging pear fruits in bags with an inner calcium coat and dipping them in a chlorine dioxide, calcium, or NaDCC solution can effectively reduce their skin stains during their storage.