• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.343-359
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• 2014

This study investigates how cultural differences between countries affect bilateral trade volumes, using Hofstede's cultural index that reflects nations' cultural characteristics. Empirical analyses of the impacts of Hofstede's five cultural characteristics on bilateral trade volumes are conducted either in each separate equation or simultaneously. Bilateral trade data of OECD countries plus China as of year 2010 is used for regression analysis on gravity model. Regression results from individual equation for each cultural index variable show tthe smaller the index gaps of power distances and uncertainty avoidance among countries, the larger bilateral trade volumes. On the contrary, the larger the index gaps of long-term orientation among countries, the larger bilateral trade volumes. If five Hofstede cultural indexes are regressed in a single equation, however, only variables of power distance and long-term orientation are significant. The analysis largely confirms that bilateral trade among countries with similar culture have much potrential to grow. It implies that policy actions for cultural proximity are very important for furthering bilateral trade.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to improve the faceted navigation function of next-generation library catalogs(NGC) using the tables in a classification scheme. Because the tables provide forms or contents of materials systematically, faceted navigation based on the tables can be as effective as faceted navigation based on language, publishing date, or class-level subject facet. Therefore, class numbers based on the Korean Decimal Classification (KDC) were examined and the characteristics of schedules and tables were analyzed. As a result, suggestions to improve faceted navigation was provided. Moreover, the method using the tables does not need additional resources to derive facets because the facet analysis process is always carried out in the classification process.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.319-328
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• 2004

The communication environment made by digital technologies has made it possible to exchange information and deliver messages fast and easily among people of various classes in virtual space beyond time and space. Net-generation, who is accustomed to this virtual space, couldn't be satisfied with the linear text-oriented language any more, and began to make signs by use of computers in order to differentiate itself from others and to express its desires. Among the signs, emoticon created by joint of popular culture and digital communication centering around young generation is a new visual sign and emotional sign that can deliver a sender's feelings contained in a message. This paper has studied social phenomena, their relationships with emoticon and background of its creation through documentary review of media development, changes in the communication environment and popular culture. Furthermore, it has analyzed the meaningful action and roles of emoticon as a sign in terms of semiotics and also, studied a possibility of using emoticon as a new emotional sign. The study results say that emoticon can play the roles of a non-linguistic sign just like general signs that make mutual exchange through meaningful action, and also that it can be used to effectively deliver messages not only in virtual space, but also in advertising, posters, magazines and CI. However, emoticon is better at emotional expressions yet than other textual signs or visual signs, but in order to position itself as a universal and popular sign, emotional expressions should be clear, any difference in understanding messages should be removed, and message delivery should be more efficient.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.327-338
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the degree of satisfaction and the demand for the current education service of language therapy. We surveyed a total of fifty two nurturers of children who had been diagnosed as autistic. A three-part questionnaire that covered the environment of the therapy institution (7 questions), the programs provided by the Speech-Language Pathologist (7 questions) and the degree of satisfaction and the demand for therapy education (7 questions) was used. The study results showed, in the area of the institution environment for therapy education, that the degree of satisfaction was highest for Social Welfare Center users due to the therapy costs. The level of satisfaction then decreased in the order of private clinic users and general hospital users. However, in the area of education programs provided by Speech-Language Pathologists, it was highest for the users of general hospitals due to the proper contents of the programs and consulting service. The satisfaction level then decreased in the order of private clinic users and Social Welfare Center users. Regarding the level of satisfaction with therapy education and related demand, the degree of satisfaction with language therapy and all therapy education services was generally satisfactory. After the language therapy, the children showed considerable improvement in their living skills (60% of survey respondents) and psychological stability (stress reduction, 30% of the total survey respondents). Regarding the future demand for therapy education, the degree of demand was high for the individual and group language therapy education service. In summary, the results of this study uncovered a number of problems related to services provided by language therapy education institutions and suggested various implications that Speech-Language Pathologists and relevant professionals should endeavor to use so as to enhance the satisfaction level of therapy education for autistic children.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.173-178
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• 2005

지식 베이스는 대량의 인적 물적 자원을 투입하고 철저한 설계에 기반하여 구축하여야 하는 부담이 큰 자원이다. 그렇지만, 지식 베이스 없이 다양한 응용 분야와 서비스를 만족시키는 시스템을 구축할 수 없기 때문에 그 중요성을 인정하지 않을 수 없다. 기존의 지식베이스 구축에 있어서 간과했던 것들의 하나는 응용 분야와 서비스를 명확히 하고, 해당분야에 안는 지식 베이스를 선택해야 한다는 것이다. 어휘의미망을 포함하여 시소러스를 범용 또는 여러 분야에서 구축하고 있으나 이들이 어떤 서비스에 도움이 되는지를 확실히 분석하지 못함으로 인해 응용 시스템에서 제 기능을 다하지 못하고 있으며, 온톨로지 또한 근본적으로 분야와 활용 목적에 의존적이어서 이를 고려하여 설계를 하지만 시소러스나 용어 사전과 같은 기본적인 지식 베이스와의 연계를 통한 효율성 재고라는 측면에서 약점을 보여왔다. 본 연구에서는 사용자 질의와 실 데이터간의 어휘 불일치 해소를 위해 시소러스를 설계 구축하고 온톨로지의 사례화 결과인 인스턴스와 연동시킴으로써 연구자 간 협업 지원 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 기반 자원으로서의 지식 베이스 구축에 초점을 둔다.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.165-184
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• 2023

Recently, Deep learning analysis of unstructured text data using language models, such as Google's BERT and OpenAI's GPT has shown remarkable results in various applications. Most language models are used to learn generalized linguistic information from pre-training data and then update their weights for downstream tasks through a fine-tuning process. However, some concerns have been raised that privacy may be violated in the process of using these language models, i.e., data privacy may be violated when data owner provides large amounts of data to the model owner to perform fine-tuning of the language model. Conversely, when the model owner discloses the entire model to the data owner, the structure and weights of the model are disclosed, which may violate the privacy of the model. The concept of offsite tuning has been recently proposed to perform fine-tuning of language models while protecting privacy in such situations. But the study has a limitation that it does not provide a concrete way to apply the proposed methodology to text classification models. In this study, we propose a concrete method to apply offsite tuning with an additional classifier to protect the privacy of the model and data when performing multi-classification fine-tuning on Korean documents. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology, we conducted experiments on about 200,000 Korean documents from five major fields, ICT, electrical, electronic, mechanical, and medical, provided by AIHub, and found that the proposed plug-in model outperforms the zero-shot model and the offsite model in terms of classification accuracy.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2019

The study began in recent years with the aim of grasping the nation's medical status following the fast-growing trend of international medical tourism and attracting foreign patients, among other things, Busan, which ranks second in attracting foreign patients after the nation's capital, Seoul, has been highly active in the past eight years, with foreign patients rising by about 426 percent, and Russian patients entering the sea. In addition, Gimhae and Changwon, the Busan-based Gyeongsangnam-do region, ranked first and second in number of foreign residents, and are inhabited by a variety of foreign workers. Medical institutions, such as hospitals, should be able to find directions within hospitals. It is also a space where information in various languages, including Korean, English, Chinese, or Russian, must be delivered in a single medium. Based on this research, the purpose of this research is to provide converged information that helps foreigners who are not familiar with Korean language easily understand the proposed recognition system when visiting hospitals. Therefore, this paper is applied to a multi-language survey of six medical institutions (A, B, C, D, E, F) at the university hospital in Busan, and 10 medical institutions (R, J) in Gimhae, South Gyeongsang Province with high foreign residents. Research results and contents are as follows. First, the results of analyzing the design of the sinusoidal system show that the font uses colorless Gothic fonts, arrows, and pictograms to introduce the design of a typical hospital sign system. Second, the results of the multi-lingual situation were found to have only two languages in the system, such as Korean and English, and to have four languages, including Korean, English, Chinese, and Russian, according to their geographical location. However, it was judged that most medical institutions currently have only two languages (Korean, English) that may cause some discomfort in terms of language for foreign patients in non-English speaking countries. Based on these findings, it is necessary to propose designs that are considered by Koreans as well as foreign users in the use of multilingual hospital sign systems.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.182-189
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the usability of augmented reality (AR) picture book for young children. The participants of this study were 17 five-year-olds attending to M kindergarten in Korea. The measurement of the usability was conducted by observation and interviews during and after children's AR picture book reading 1) usability test score such as task completed that is, reading the AR picturebook successfully, 2) children's behaviors in the process of reading the book, 3) children's response to the questions asking the level of satisfaction with the AR picture book. The result of study showed that most of children could read the AR successfully adjusting the distance and angle of AR picture book to web-camera's location. And children showed verbal and nonverbal expression such as surprise, joy, questions and frustration in reading the book. Children told that AR picture book is fun and easy to read. This study would provide the implications for the interface development and adult-child book reading of AR picture books.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.832-847
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• 2008

This study aims to provide a cornerstone for 'Pedagogical Discourse Analysis' by connecting linguistic theory to science education practice. Pedagogical Discourse Analysis (PDA) focuses its attention on finding educational implications beyond description on classroom language. This study is specially aimed at PDA in terms of the textual aspect, which has not sparked interest in science classroom discourse. For this, we supposed that the framework of PDA composed of two axes: 'thematic flow' and 'information flow'. We presented a case of science classroom discourse in terms of PDA to investigate opportunities in its potential and utilities. This trial crosses the line of traditional science classroom discourse analysis, which has been inclined to linguistics theory. It will also suggest a new horizon for science classroom discourse in an educational context.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.1172-1177
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• 2000

본 논문은 SMIL의 작성 시에 편리함을 제공하기 위한 시각적 편집 도구를 제안한다. SMIL은 서로 다른 미디어간의 동기화를 가능하게 하는 스크립트 언어이다. SMIL은 텍스트 편집기를 통하여 작성되는데 이는 작성에 있어 직관적인 면이 없어 많은 불편함을 갖는다. 따라서 시각적 편집 도구가 필요하며 이를 구현하기 위해 본 논문에서는 SMIL의 작성을 프리젠테이션과 하이퍼 프리젠테이션의 두 측면에서 설계하였으며 시각적 편집 도구 구현에는 멀티미디어 아이콘 프로그램 도구인 VIP를 확장하여 완성하는 방법을 택하였다. VIP를 확장함으로써 SMIL 번역이라는 기본 목적 외에 부가적으로 MuX의 공간적 동기화에 관련된 기능의 한계를 극복할 수 있게 된다.