• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.17-26
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• 2023

This study aimed to reveal how Vietnamese adult learners at three different proficiency levels perceive Korean word-initial obstruents and whether errors can be corrected through perceptual training. To this end, 105 Vietnamese beginner, intermediate, and advanced learners were given perceptual training on Korean word-initial. The training materials were created by actively utilizing Korean minimal pairs as natural stimuli recorded by native speakers. Learners in the experimental group performed five 20-40 minute self-directed perceptual training sessions over a period of approximately two weeks, while learners in the control group only participated in the pretest and posttest. The results showed a significant improvement in the perception of sounds that were difficult to distinguish before training, and both beginners and advanced learners benefited from the training. This study confirmed that large-scale perceptual training can play an important role in helping Vietnamese learners learn the appropriate acoustic cues to distinguish different sounds in Korean.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.190-202
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• 1996

This study assessed psychiatrically referred 5-to 13-year-old children who presented inattention or hyperactivity as chief complaints. Demographic characteristics, primary diagnosis, and comorbid psychiatric conditions of them were identified, and they were assessed using questionnaires and neuropsychological tests. Primary diagnoses included ADHD, anxiety disorder, mental retardation, depression, oppositional defiant disorder, developmental language disorder and others. functional enuresis, conduct disorder, and developmental language disorder were among the secondarily diagnosed disorders. In patients diagnosed as ADHD, overall comorbidity rate was 55.3%. The disorders that frequently co-occured with ADHD were specific developmental disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety disorder and other. ADHD groups with or without comorbidity differed in performance IQ and CPT scores. ADHD group differed from externalizing disorders group in the information subscore of IQ, MFFT, and CPT scores, and differed in teachers rating scales, the uncommunication factor of CBCL, and CPT card error compared with internalizing disorders group. The authors concluded that inattentive or hyperactive children should be assessed using various instruments to differentiate other disorders and to identify possible presence of comorbid conditions.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.95-126
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• 2010

This study proposes a bottom-up and inductive manual mapping methodology for integrating two heterogenous fine-grained ontologies which were built by a top-down and deductive methodology, namely the Sejong semantic classes (SJSC) and the upper nodes in KorLexNoun 1.5 (KLN), for HLP applications. It also discusses various problematics in the mapping processes of two language resources caused by their heterogeneity and proposes the solutions. The mapping methodology of heterogeneous fine-grained ontologies uses terminal nodes of SJSC and Least Upper Bounds (LUB) of KLN as basic mapping units. Mapping procedures are as follows: first, the mapping candidate groups are decided by the lexfollocorrelation between the synsets of KLN and the noun senses of Sejong Noun Dfotionaeci(SJND) which are classified according to SJSC. Secondly, the meanings of the candidate groups are precisely disambiguated by linguistic information provided by the two ontologies, i.e. the hierarchicllostructures, the definitions, and the exae les. Thirdly, the level of LUB is determined by applying the appropriate predicates and definitions of SJSC to the upper-lower and sister nodes of the candidate LUB. Fourthly, the mapping possibility ic inthe terminal node of SJSC is judged by che aring hierarchicllorelations of the two ontologies. Finally, the ituorrect synsets of KLN and terminologiollocandidate groups are excluded in the mapping. This study positively uses various language information described in each ontology for establishing the mapping criteria, and it is indeed the advantage of the fine-grained manual mapping. The result using the proposed methodology shows that 6,487 LUBs are mapped with 474 terminal and non-terminal nodes of SJSC, excluding the multiple mapped nodes, and that 88,255 nodes of KLN are mapped including all lower-level nodes of the mapped LUBs. The total mapping coverage is 97.91% of KLN synsets. This result can be applied in many elaborate syntactic and semantic analyses for Korean language processing.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.447-458
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• 2010

Time expressions are a very important form of information in different types of data. Thus, the recognition of a time expression is an important factor in the field of information extraction. However, most previously designed systems consider only a specific domain, because time expressions do not have a regular form and frequently include different ellipsis phenomena. We present a two-level recognition method consisting of extraction and transformation phases to achieve generality and portability. In the extraction phase, time expressions are extracted by atomic time units for extensibility. Then, in the transformation phase, omitted information is restored using basis time and prior knowledge. Finally, every complete atomic time unit is transformed into a normalized form. The proposed system can be used as a general-purpose system, because it has a language- and domain-independent architecture. In addition, this system performs robustly in noisy data like SMS data, which include various errors. For SMS data, the accuracies of time-expression extraction and time-expression normalization by using the proposed system are 93.8% and 93.2%, respectively. On the basis of these experimental results, we conclude that the proposed system shows high performance in noisy data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.308-313
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• 2016

Modern systems have become more and more complex due to the ever-increasing user requirements and rapid advance of technology. As such, the frequency of accidents due to system design errors or failure has been increasing. When the damage incurred by accidents to human beings or property is serious, the underlying systems are referred to as safety-critical systems. The development of such systems requires special efforts to ensure the safety of the human beings operating them. To cope with such a requirement, in this paper an approach is employed in which we consider safety starting from the conceptual design phase of the systems. Specifically, a systems design method that can detect functional failure is proposed by utilizing meta-models and M&S methods. To accomplish this, the safety design data from international safety standards are first extracted and also a meta-model is generated using SysML (systems modeling language). Then, a SysML-based system design method is proposed based on the use of the developed meta-model. We also discuss how the safety requirements can be created and verified using a simulation method. Finally, through a case study in automotive design, it is demonstrated that the detection of a functional failure and the verification of a safety requirement can be accomplished using the SysML-based M&S method. This study indicates that the use of meta-models can be useful for collecting and managing safety data and that the meta-model based M&S method can make it possible to satisfy the system requirements by reducing the design errors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.224-231
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• 2019

The current paper was conducted to unravel the influence of affect induction as a background emotion in the process of cognitive task to judge the degree of sequence in groups with or without anxiety symptoms. Four types of affect induction and two sequential task types were used as within-subject variables, and two types of college students groups classified under the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) as a between-subject variable were selected to determine reaction times involving sequential judgment among the lexical relevance information. DmDx5 was used to present a series of stimuli and elicit a response from subjects. Repeated measured ANOVA analyses revealed that reaction times and error rates were significantly larger with anxiety participants compared to the normal group regardless of affect and task types. Within-subject variable effects found that specific affect type (sorrow condition) and number-related task type showed a more rapid response compared to other affect types and magnitude-related task type, respectively. In sum, these findings confirmed the difference in tendency with reaction time and error rates that varied as a function of accompanying affect types as well as anxiety level and task types suggesting the that underlying background affect plays a major role in processing affect-cognitive association tasks.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2021

This study is to develop a Korean version of nonword intervention by modifying and supplementing a Rapid syllable transition treatment (ReST) and to determine its effect by applying it to children with CAS. Ultimately, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether nonword interventions are effective for nonword production ability and generalization of real words. Single-subject research using the ABA design was performed for a child aged five years and six months with diagnostic features of CAS. The nonwords used in the interventions were made suitable for the individual child. The intervention was provided in one-hour sessions, twice a week for six weeks. In all cases, performance of the treated three-syllable nonwords improved, and untreated three-syllable words, four-syllable words, and nonwords showed a generalization effect. However, the generalization of treatment effects to words was smaller than for nonwords. The nonword intervention was effective in improving the subject's speech motor programming skills. As a result, transition errors due to impaired speech motor programming were greatly reduced, and the ability to produce untreated nonwords was greatly increased. However, there was a limit to the full improvement of strongly habitable word errors, which would be expected if a more intensive and repetitive intervention schedule was provided.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.14A no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2007

Generally, virtual machine platform is composed of a compiler, an assembler, and VM(Virtual Machine). To develop it, the design of VMC(Virtual Machine Code) is an essential task. And it is very important to verify the virtual machine platform. To do this and furthermore to execute VMC, it needs to implement VMC execution system using compiling method, interpreting method, or decompiling method. In this paper, we suggested and implemented the executing system of VMC using decompiling method out of three methods to execute the VMC. In our implementation, the VMC is SIL(Standard Intermediate Language) that is an intermediate code of EVM(Embedded Virtual Machine). Actually, we verified the usefulness of the decompiling method. And the decompiling method suggested in this paper can be used to minimize the mistake in developing Virtual machine platform.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.625-637
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• 2002

The Internet had been taken properties which were both a slow speed and low-bandwidth of the first time. It was impossible to transmit large multimedia data because of a Internet properties. After tens of Year Passed, many people began to transmit multimedia data in the Internet which had fast-speed and high-bandwidth. Some people want to team classes to be taught in school through the Internet. And, educators wish to use multimedia data in the educational field. Due to previous reasons, many parts in the educational field had tried to join real-time objects to multimedia objects. But, real-time data didn’t appear easily due to many faults like network errors and system bugs if we want to control data in order to teach and learn classes. Then, this paper separates real-time and unreal-time data and controls these data that aye made a time scheduler to have time information in the extended SMIL-file for deceasing these faults.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.284-299
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate elementary school students' conceptions about the energy represented in the integrated theme 'Energy and life' of the 2015 revised science curriculum. The instruments were developed to grasp students' understanding about 'the concepts of energy,' 'forms of energy,' 'conversion of energy,' and 'energy use of plants and animals.' The surveys were conducted on 92 elementary school students in Seoul. The students' answers were analyzed by descriptive statistics, clouds and semantic network analysis. The results are as follows: 'Electricity' and 'electric energy' were most frequently mentioned as the associated concepts to energy and forms of energy, respectively. Also, the daily use of energy was mixed to the use in science. According to conceptual hierarchy, understanding of energy conversion was dependent on the understanding of energy forms. Although students have basic concepts about the energy use of plants and animals, they had some misconceptions and lack of understanding. The educational implications were discussed to teach 'Energy and Life' as integrated theme in new elementary school curriculum.