• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.159-168
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• 2012

Freedom of speech is indispensable in Democracy. It is a rink among government agencies. Mass media as institutionalized means which forms public opinion impacts quite a few to a society. Mass media as a life media in our daily lives has characteristics of speed and prompt report. It is difficult to measure the effect on a society. Mass media is a lifeline in democracy because it has freedom of opinion for seeing, listening, speaking, and criticizing about the people's right to know in an information society. Our Constitution also guarantees freedom of the press, information(peoples's right to know), report, the collection of news, and edition. Because an unnecessary thing about a privacy is reported by mass media, it can violate defamation. This study seeks to be unbiased in reporting and what the principles of the Constitution for minimizing an invasion of a person's privacy is. This study also seeks freedom of speech and the right to know. In case that a personal honor is invaded by a mass media and a publication, this study provides the Constitution basis, Criminal Law basis, and Civic Law basis for remedy violation. A report for apology on newspaper and by television was widely used as "a proper punishment for honor recovery in the past". The constitutional court had decided that including the report of apology for "a proper punishment of honor recovery" in the article 764 of the Civic Law as a reason of freedom of conscience and the violation of personal rights was against the Constitution. Therefore, this study examples what is a legal remedy in practical?, where is legal basis of special remedy in the Civic Law, and what is a method by the Press Arbitration Law compared with the examples of other countries. On the other hand, because a mass media may injure a person's honor and infringe a person's privacy, if the report is categorized as a malicious press, the true role which mass media has to do may not demonstrated. In conclusion, this study was to minimalize infringement of mass media to a person and to seek a realistic alternative of a legal remedy.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.423-434
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• 2019

An important issues in Korea society in 2018 was the revision of the university entrance examination system. Among the discussions, in order to grasp what the issue of admission officer system is, attention was focused on the function of media such as monitoring and criticism as well as the tried topic analysis of related news articles. As a result, the reorganization of the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) was derived and showed the sensitivity of Korean society towards the CSAT. Topics directly related to the admission officer system were the selection factor and fairness of the university entrance examination system in relation to the selection factor.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.36
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• pp.109-132
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• 2006

It is difficult to found the concept of public interest properly, being ambiguous to distinguish media and service as to the convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications. Accordingly, it is necessary to found the concept of public interest not related to the character of media and service in the age of digital convergence. Therefore this study intended to re-found the concept of public interest, as to industrial changes in the age of convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications. The convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications causes the changes of value chain, which includes contents, platform, network, terminal. It could not help avoiding modifying the industrial structure of broadcasting and telecommunications, because of the changes of value chain. The changes of industrial structure needs the changes of ideology, regulatory policy, regulatory system, and it creates the foundation of new regulatory idea. The purpose of regulatory idea in the age of digital convergence is to practice public interest, and it is an ultimate purpose to increase consumers' welfare. Consequently, for increasing comsumer' welfare, it is necessary to achieve diversity, fairness, objectivity, the preservation of social value in the aspect of contents. Also in the aspect of platform, it is necessary to achieve the protection of privacy, consumer protection, harmful information blocking, and in the aspect of network, it is necessary to achieve the maintenance of secure network, fair competition. Finally, in the aspect of terminal, it is necessary to achieve the maintenance of compatibility, the solution for digital divide. Then regulatory policy of each value chain from a legal and institutional perspective, should be promoted to provide public interest, step by step.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.39
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• pp.428-472
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find that how the principles of Fair Labelling and Advertising Act(called 'FLAA' hereinafter) apply to the unfair comparative labelling and advertising activities, as compared with deceptive and misleading, by analyzing the related judicial precedents for 7 years since FLAA enacted, The exact 17 precedents of Fair Trade Commission were analyzed to be judged the unfair comparative labelling and advertising activities, and partly also deceptive, falsified and exaggerated, which include in overlapping 5 comparative counterparts, 11 comparative standards, 7 comparative contents and 4 comparative methods in the unfairness types of comparison. Conclusively, it is needed that the unfairness of comparative labelling and advertising activities should be multiply considered in the concepts of deception, false or exaggeration and slanderousness, to more clearly apply to the facts and to more sufficiently protect consumers from the misleading environments.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.18
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• pp.269-303
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• 2002

This article presents a historical account of media role in the transition and consolidation period of democracy. Despite the assumption that media plays a important role in the construction of democracy, it is less clear how the media can affect the process of political change itself. This article seeks to answer some of these question, based on the Mill's macro-social comparative 'method of difference' of Korea and Spain. It is widely agreed that both states achieve democracy through transaction from above(pacts). Media role, however, differs significantly in accordance with authoritarian legacies and civic representativeness of the pacts. Whereas Korean dailies is deepening given market oligopoly and prior practices after democratization, Spain dailies market entirely changed in both structural and spiritual respects. As a result, Korean dailies substantially lacks in civic representativeness as before, contrary to Spain. Spain television settled a sort of the external pluralism. Korean television is pursuing the BBC type of internal pluralism. In Korea, television is more commercial than Spain. Consequently, Spain media serve the consolidation of democracy more than Korea on the whole.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.18
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• pp.199-229
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• 2002

This study analyzed the trends of broadcaster licensing policy during 1990-2001 in Korea. It is to seek the answers about how the examination standards and procedures applied to broadcaster licensing has been changed for the last decade. For the purpose this study inquired six cases such as private broadcasting licence (1990 October), cable TV program provider licences(1993 July), cable TV system operator licences(1994 January), private local broadcaster licences(1994 July), satellite broadcaster licence(2000 December) and cable TV home shopping channel licences(2001 March). It examined the degree of specification and measurement of the standards based upon the government white paper; average points per item, average points per quantitative item, and average points per qualitative item etc. The government hadn't opened the standards and procedures how it licensed broadcasters until 1990 and the uncertain attitude brought distrust on the government broadcasting policy. The first white paper about broadcaster licensing was made in 1994 after cable TV broadcaster licensing was finished. The results indicated that Korean broadcasting licensing policy rapidly developed in the dimension of transparency from 'a secret room policy' to 'a sunshine policy' for the last decade. But it still needs improvement in the dimension of fairness of examination. Now one of the main distrust is the ratio that the one of qualitative examination standards are much more than the qualitative one.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• s.268
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• pp.25-29
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• 1999

우리 국민에게 2000년은 야누스의 두 얼굴로 다가오고 있다. 새로운 천년에 대한 희망의 얼굴과, 세기말 대재양론에 Y2K문제까지 가세하여 불안함을 감추지 못하는 절망의 얼굴이다. 일부 종교단체나 예언가들은 Y2K문제로 인해 지구의 종말이 온다고 믿고서 피난처를 만들고 있으며 인터넷망 등을 이용, 지지세력의 확장을 꾀하고 있다. 그러나 우리는 이에 편승하여 인류의 미래를 이들에게 맡길 것이 아니라, Y2K문제의 실상을 정확히 이해하고 지혜로운 대처를 위해 모든 역량을 결집해야 할 것이다. Y2K문제는 개인용 컴퓨터에서부터 금융, 통신, 전력, 행정전산망 등 국가산업 전반에 영향을 미칠 뿐 아니라 모든 국민의 생활과 직결되는 문제이기 때문이다. 특히 안전성이 생명인 원자력 발전소에서의 Y2K문제는 모든 국민과 언론의 집중적인 관심의 대상이 되고 있다. 이 같은 관심과 우려의 표명은 원전의 특성을 고려할 때 당연한 현상이지만, 2000년이 되면 원전이 불시에 정지되고 큰 사고가 발생할 것이라는 일부의 시각은 국민의 불안만 가중시킬 뿐이다. 결론부터 말하자면 이러한 우려는 기우에 불과하다. 예를 들면 은행 전산망에서 이자를 계산할 때는 날짜가 필수적이다. 그러나 일반 산업 자동화 설비와 마찬가지로 24시간 연속 가동되는 원자력발전소를 운전 할 때는 미리 일정한 값으로 입력된 각종 운전자료, 즉 온도, 압력, 유량 등과 매순간 생성되는 운전자료들을 단순 비교하기 때문에 날짜가 필요치 않다. 이는 마치 실내 난방온도를 일정 값으로 미리 정해놓으면, 그때 그때의 실내온도와 미리 정해진 온도를 비교하여 난방기가 자동으로 작동되는 방식과 같다. 따라서 운전과 직접 관련되는 설비는 Y2K와 관련이 없고, 운전 편의를 위한 데이터취득설비 일부와 방사능 계측 등의 측정장비에 Y2K영향이 있다. 한전에서는 이들 문제의 적시 해결을 위해 충분한 예산과 인력을 확보하여 문제를 해결하는 과정에 있으며 3월 현재 약 70$\%$의 공정을 보이고 있다.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.48
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• pp.63-89
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• 2009

The contents provided by the terrestrial broadcasters have governed the market based on their excellent quality in Korea. In spite of the launching of various pay TV services focusing on multi-channel, it is not yet easy to find out the substitutionary pay TV channels for the terrestrial. Therefore, the real time retransmission of the terrestrial channels brings about the crucial effects on the pay TV's competency, especially on the new media as the invisible barrier. So it is frequently proposed to change the aim of the retransmission policy from the universal access to the promotion of media industries. The retransmission can be divided into two types as the must carry and retransmission consent. In Korean situation, keeping or reducing the must carry channel would be appropriate rather than expanding them. However, periodic investigation into the public effects of the must carry is necessary, instead of it. Moreover, the rational and fair monetary compensation for the commercial channels(MBC, SBS, KBS2) is arising as the bottle neck in the retransmission agreements between the broadcasters. The conjoint analysis was carried out to estimate the welfare growth from the retransmission, based on the stated preference from the audiences' point of view. For must carry channels, it was certified as the 'win-win' strategy for both sides and audiences. For the commercial channels, it is revealed to be beneficial to the audiences. Thereafter, the standards for the rational price were suggested to promote the retransmission. This can contribute for inspiring the dynamic vitality to the media industry by reinforcing the contents competencies and for establishing the long term growth strategies.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.62
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• pp.159-178
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• 2013

The current study examined the effects of the voters' perception of television news coverage of election poll results on their political participation intention. 700 voters participated in a telephone interview three weeks before the 2012 Korean presidential election. A structural equation modeling with the nationally representative sample was performed. The findings indicate the respondents were more likely to evaluate television news coverage of election poll results negatively when the news coverage presented that the candidate they supported was behind in the race, and the negative evaluation was linked to a greater third-person perception. The third-person perception, in turn, had an indirect effect on political participation intention through negative emotional responses. The results imply that voters' political position influences their perception of the television news coverage of election poll results, and this perception can have indirect effects on political participation.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.627-670
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• 2009

This study analyzed Korean Fair Trade Commission's judgemental cases of cartels in telecommunications and media industry and presented the following results. First, cartels were formed frequently in multi-channel broadcasting industry, telecommunications industry, movie industry, and newspaper industry. In addition, price-fixing were observed in almost all subfield of telecommunications and media industry. Second, administrative guidance facilitated more opportunities for collusion in the telecommunications industry than in the media industry. Third, the telecommunications and media industry, similar to overall domestic industries, had a high proportion of hard-core cartels. Fourth, the depth of judgemental case in evaluating agreements among competitors was generally low, even though detail evaluations were found in the cases of large fines. Fifth, the overall level of sanctions was relatively low.