• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.148-157
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• 2019

A 70% ethanol extract of Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. was investigated for its whitening activity for application as a functional ingredient in cosmetic products. At the E. annuus extract concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$, the electron-donating ability was found to be 67.83%, the tyrosinase inhibitory effect (related to skin-whitening) was 69%, the elastase inhibitory effect (related to skin-wrinkling) was 69%, and the astringent effect was 80%. The $ABTS^+$ radical-scavenging ability was 87% at the $500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. In the cell viability test measured on melanoma cells, 96% of the cells treated with $100{\mu}g/ml$ of the extract were viable. According to the western blot results, the protein expression of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 was decreased by 60.22%, 47.83%, 54.79%, and 67.88%, respectively, at the extract concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. The protein expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) was decreased with increasing concentrations of the extract. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of the extract showed that the mRNA expression of MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 was decreased by 86.51%, 85.22%, 74.26%, and 66.66%, respectively, at $100{\mu}g/ml$ extract concentration. The findings suggest that the 70% ethanol extract from E. annuus (L.) Pers. has potential as a cosmeceutical ingredient with whitening effect.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2015

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the most serious pathogens of persimmon in Korea. In 2013, 67 isolates of C. gloeosporioides were isolated from infected fruits, leaf and twigs of persimmon (Diosprosi kaki) at Sangju, Gyeongsangbukdo and fungal responses against five fungicides (prochloraz manganese complex, tebuconazole, mancozeb+myclobutanil, fluquinconazole+prochloraz, and tebuconazole+tolyfluanid) were evaluated by their growth on the fungicide-medium. All isolates were inhibited mycelium growth on the medium with each recommended application concentration of flied. $EC_{50}$ (${\mu}g/ml$) of tebuconazole was from 0.02 to 1.04 and average was 0.31. $EC_{50}$ (${\mu}g/ml$) of prochloraz manganese complex was 0.02~0.23 average was 0.078. Average $EC_{50}$ values (${\mu}g/ml$) of Fluquinconazole+Prochloraz (FP) was 0.029. On the basis $EC_{50}$ (${\mu}g/ml$), the correlation coefficient (r) between tebuconazole and prochloraz manganese complex, prochloraz manganese complex and FP, tebuconazole and FP were 0.42, 0.44 and 0.27, respectively.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2014

Anthracnose crown rot (ACR), caused by Colletotrichum fructicola, is a serious disease of strawberry in Korea. The primary inoculums of ACR were symptomless strawberry plants, plant debris, and other host plants. To effectively control anthracnose in symptomless transplanted strawberries, it is necessary to use disease-free plants, detect the disease early, and apply a fungicide. Therefore, in 2010 and 2011, we evaluated the efficacy of pre-plant fungicide dips by using strawberry transplants infected by C. fructicola for the control of anthracnose. Dipping plants in prochloraz-Mn for 10 min before planting was most effective for controlling anthracnose in symptomless strawberry plants and resulted in more than 76% control efficacy. Azoxystrobin showed a control efficacy of over 40%, but plants treated with pyraclostrobin, mancozeb and iminoctadine tris showed high disease severity. The control efficacy of the dip treatment with prochloraz-Mn did not differ with temperature and time. Treatment with prochloraz-Mn for more than an hour caused growth suppression in strawberry plants. Therefore, the development of anthracnose can be effectively reduced by dipping strawberry plants for 10 min in prochloraz-Mn before planting.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2009

To characterize plant root-associated bacteria in wild plant family Solanaceae, Solanum nigrum L. plants were collected in Dokdo island. Forty four strains of nitrogen-fixing or spore-forming bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere of Solanum nigrum L. plants. Among these, 19 strains were able to produce auxin. Thirteen strains of these produced siderophore as determined by color reaction on CAS-blue plate, 8 strains were able to solubilize phosphate. The 16S rDNA genes of the isolated bacteria were amplified and sequenced. Model plants, pepper and tobacco, were established in order to evaluate the bacterial capacities eliciting growth promotion and induced systemic resistance. The plants treated with strain KUDC1009 were more resistant and capable of growth-promotion than control plants when challenged by either Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria or Erwinia carotovora sub. carotovora strain SCC1. Rhizobacteria isolated from Dokdo island can promote growth of wild type Solanum nigrum L. under much environmental stresses.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 1993

This study was conducted 1)to determine the factors responsible for the gradually increased rice yield by examining any improvements in yield-related characters and physiological characters among the historically recommended varieties of rice in Korea, and 2)to reveal the way of achieving further yield improvement by breeding in the future. Eight recommended varieties from 1911 to 1988 were selected and grown at the same conditions. The yield-related characters were observed at the harvest time, and the physiological characters such as RGR, NAR, LAR, SLA and L WR were estimated by the classical method of growth analysis. The newer varieties are shorter and those released after 1970's are greater in percent of filled spikelets and harvest index than the older varieties. There are no definite changing trends in the variations of number of panicles per hill, number of spikelets per panicle and 1000 grain weight according to the course of evolution in the recommended varieties. There is little evidence of improvement in the physiological characters such as NAR, LAR, SLA and LWR among the recently developed varieties compared with those of the older varieties. The increase in grain yield due to variety improvement, if any, is largely associated with the greater harvest index and percent of filled spikelets by breeding blight resistant and / or lodging resistant genotypes with short culm. It is suggested that increase in NAR should be carried out simultaneously with increase in harvest index to breed high yielding genotypes. I t appears to be important to breed genotypes with long culm in order to enhance light penetration into the canopy as long as they are lodging resistant. Since NAR is negatively correlated with LAR, it is unlikely to succeed to improve both characters simultaneously. The direct effect of NAR on RGR by path analysis is much larger than that of LAR, and hence it is suggested that breeding genotype with large NAR is more effective on enhancing RGR. It is also suggested that improving LAR through LWR is likely effective on increasing RGR.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 1999

In this paper, the thermal characteristics in plastic greenhouses with heating systems of electric power, hot air, and non-heating are measured and analyzed by field tests. From these tests, we were able to estimate the heating efficiency and quantitatively evaluate the characteristics of indoor thermal distributions of the particular heating system in greenhouses. The heating system of electric power was ineffective to reduce the difference of thermal distribution in the vertical direction. The hot air heating system also does not properly reduce the serious temperature fluctuation by time. By removing the above problems, these data will be utilized effectively to design better thermal environment in greenhouses.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 1996

This Experiment was conducted to know effect of cutting times and nitrogen split application rates on shoot and root-related characters of Atractylodes japonica. The cutting time was forced on none, once and twice along with three levels of nitrogen split application, all basic 50 -30 -20% and 40 -30 -30%. The plant height declined with increased cutting time and dry matter weight was increased with nitrogen split application under none and once cutting. Average yield of cutted shoot as edible wild plant was 257kg/10a at once cutting condition, but twice cutting condition was little and unfavorable to use edible wild plant because shoot was coarse. Yield 0 dry rhizome was the highest at once shoot cutting und­er 50 -30 -20% nitrogen split application by 471kg/10a.Especially, culture of Atractylodes japonka needed once shoot cutting one the 10th-30th of May.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1736-1743
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of 80% ethanol grape leaf extract (VGLE) and resveratrol (VGLR) from Vitis romaneti on antioxidant of red blood cells (RBC) of rat and efficacy of blood flow improvement in a rat model of topical ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$)-induced carotid artery damage. RBC oxidative hemolysis and plasma lipid peroxidation induced by the aqueous peroxyl radical generator 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride were significantly suppressed by VGLE or VGLR in a dose-dependent manner. The $FeCl_3$ treatment seriously damaged the carotid artery: the walls of the artery and blood flow. However, VGLE or VGLR administration has ameliorated the blood flow and suppressed thrombus in blood vessels. These results suggest that VGLE or VGLR ameliorates the oxidative stress of RBC and thrombosis against blood vessel damage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2012

In the present study, it was performed that the influences of temperatures and electrical conductivity on the mycelial growth and formation of zoosporangium of the $Phytophthora$ sp. in paprika nutriculture. We investigated mycelial growth of $Phytophthora$ sp. at different temperatures. Morphological characteristics of the isolated pathogen from paprika were typically similar to those of $Phytophthora$ sp. such as no septa and formation of zoosporangia. Optimum growth temperature of the pathogen was $25^{\circ}C$. At $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$, the mycelium growth deceased, respectively. EC level of nutrient solution the mycelial growth was increased EC 0.5 up to $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and reduced 2.0 up to $3.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The formation of sporangia was negatively correlated with EC, and the formation of sporangia were highly inhibited at EC $4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.482-486
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• 2004

Benzyladenopurine (BA), a synthetic chemical commonly used for bean sprout culture, should be minimized for wellbeing foods or not be applied. The study was done to check the effect of different BA concentrations treated during 5 hour imbibition on growth and morphological characters of mungbean sprouts. The mungbean seeds of 3 cultivars (Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu, and Zhong Lu 1) were imbibed for 5 hours in the solutions with different BA concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) before 3 hour aeration. On the 6th day after culture, the mungbean sprouts were classified by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl length; > 7cm, 4 to 7cm, < 4cm, and non-germination, and their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Regardless of cultivars the composition rate of hypocotyls of longer than 7cm was decreased with increased BA concentration over 50 ppm while the reverse result was true in the rate of shorter than 4cm. In the rate of 4 to 7cm. cv. Owoolnogdu showed the highest rate in its 50 ppm concentration although cv. Keumseongnogdu and Zhong Lu 1 showed similar result to the above two rates. Formation rate and its number of lateral roots were largely changed around 50 ppm concentration but the roots was not formed in over its 75 ppm concentration. Hypocotyl and root lengths of all the cultivars were shortened with increased BA concentration. In the diameter of middle part of hypocotyl, 3 cultivars showed nearly the same responses as the rate of 4 to 7cm hypocotyls. Hypocotyl and total fresh weights per sprout were heavier in BA treated sprouts than in no treated ones but the weights of the former sprouts were not influenced by its different concentrations.