• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.89-92
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• 2005

The effect of cement on survival, LC/sub 50/, safe concentration (SC) and application factors of pollutant (AF) for pond smelt, Hypomesus olidus were investigated for 96 hours. Mean body length of pond smelt used in this experiment was 8.6±1.2 cm. Cement concentrations established in this experiment were 0 (control group), 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 ppm, respectively. All fishes were dead in concentration more than 500 ppm cement within 4 hours. The LC/sub 50/ to cement toxicity was 123.03 ppm for 48h, 91.20 ppm for 72 h and 58.88 ppm for 96h. The value of SC and AF to cement toxicity for this species were 2.64∼9.14 ppm and 0.045∼0.155, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 1981

Four-day bioassay method was used in this study to find out toxicity levels of DDT and PCP. From this study it was found that M. chrysophekadion was the most sensitive to DDT with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.0044 mg/l followed by P. Sutchi with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.0056 mg/l, and the most resistant was C. Siamensis with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.0133 mg/l. In the case of PCP, it was also found that M. Chrysophekadion and P. Sutchi were the first and second most sensitive to PCP with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.065mg/l PCP and 0.125mg/l PCP respectively, as in the case of DDT study. T. Nilotica was found to be the most resistant to PCP with a 96 h-TL sub(m) value of 0.264mg/l PCP. The resistant power of fish to pollution varies with the species of fish and the types of pollutants. In order of decreasing sensitivity of fish to DDT based on TL sub(m), the following sequence is obtained M. Chrysophekadion, P. Sutchi, T Nilotica, P. Gonionotus, K. Bicirrhis, L. Bicolor, C. Carpio, R. Heteromorpha, C. Siamensis while in the case of PCP, M. Chrysophekadion, P. sutchi, L. Bicolor, K. Bicirrhis, P. Gonionotus (R. Heteromorpha, R. Trilineata), C. Siamensis, C. Carpio, T. Nilotica.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

The recycled soil that is proceeded from demolition concrete structures was analyzed by the methods of the physical and mechanical tests of soil and TCLP test to use the soil in low landfilling for the construction of an industrial complex. The laboratory test for diffusion of alkali ion in soil mass was analyzed by the methods of XRF and ICP. The fish toxicity test was also conducted to find an environmental influence. The recycled soil through the laboratory test satisfied the engineering property for low landfilling and the criteria of soil contamination. However, the solution which producted by 1:1 ratio of recycled soil and water contained the high pH concentration by alkali ion. The calcium hydroxide solution by CSH cement paste was estimated as the main reason why pH concentration is increased more than 9.0. The high pH concentration in recycled soils causes a toxicity to the livability of fishes. A diffusion area of pH concentration in the ground was analyzed by the Visual Modflow Ver. 2009 program based on geotechnical investigation. The high pH concentration in the recycled soils can be remained as high value due to cement paste in the long term period. Therefore, in the early stage of landfilling work, the mixing with the weathered granite soil is necessary to control the pH concentration.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2007

Acute toxicity of formalin (37% formaldehyde) was conducted to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) on eel (avarage weight 96 ± 3.6 g, average total length 43 cm), Anguilla japonica at concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 ppm. In particular, this study was designed to estimate the safety concentrations of formalin in testing eels to eradicate Pseudodactylogyrus. All fish died after 10 hours and 24 hours at 500 ppm and 400 ppm, respectively. After 24 hours, cumulative mortality was 96.6% and 13.3% at 300 ppm and 200 ppm formalin, respectively. However, all experimental fish were alive after 24 hours at 100 ppm. The lethal concentration values were computed by using non-linear least square method. At the start of the test, water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen level were 27～28℃, 7.4 and 5.55 ppm, respectively. The 24 hr-LC50 were 269 ppm.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2009

인진호탕(茵蔯蒿湯)은 한의학에서 여러 가지 질환에 사용되어 왔다. 특히 간경의 습열(濕熱)로 인한 질환에 습열을 제거함으로써 증(證)의 완화에 많은 응용이 되어 왔다. 본 연구는 습열(濕熱)로 인한 질환중의 하나인 아토피 피부염에 그동안 응용이 적은 인진호탕(茵蔯蒿湯)을 실험적으로 응용함으로써 임상적인 가치를 가질 수 있는 지에 대한 기초연구를 진행하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 세포주는 rat leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells로 인진호탕(茵蔯蒿湯)은 알레르기와 관련된 사이토카인인 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interleukin (IL)-4를 용량의존적으로 억제하였지만 세포독성은 일으키지 않았다. 그리고 동물실험에서 인진호탕(茵蔯蒿湯)은 PCA반응에서 충분한 억제효과를 나타내었다. 또한 Compound 48/80으로 유도된 anaphylaxis shock도 용량 의존적으로 억제함이 밝혀졌다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2008

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide. Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes was selected to investigate the effects of chlorpyrifos on survival rate, hatching rate, reproductivity and histopathological changes. Adult fish were exposed to CPF at concentrations of 20, 40, 80 and $160{\mu}g/L$, and the test duration was 4 weeks. An experiment with eggs was also performed under CPF exposure continued for 7 days covering from the fecundation to end-hatching stages. Survival rate of the adult medaka decreased in CPF $80{\mu}g/L$ and $160{\mu}g/L$ treatment groups compared with control, solvent control, $20{\mu}g/L$ or $40{\mu}g/L$L treatment group. Spontaneous start of feeding significantly decreased compared with the control (p < 0.01) when exposed to CPF at above 40 $\mu g/L$. Total spawning decreased by the 20 or $40{\mu}g/L$ CPF treatment compared with the control or solvent control in the test with eggs obtained from untreated adult medaka, and abnormal eggs increased in those CPF-treated groups. There were certain adverse effects at above $40{\mu}g/L$ determined from liver and gonad histological examinations. The results indicate that CPF has insignificant toxic effects in Japanese medaka at less than $20{\mu}g/L$ in long term exposure.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.747-756
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• 2023

Purpose: In this study, a grout material mixed using non-alkaline silica-based materials, which is an eco-friendly injection material to stabilize ground, is investigated to improve conventional problems. Method: The homogel specimens of Eco-Friendly Non-Alkaline Silica Sol (ENASS) and L.W. and S.G.R., representative silicate grouting are manufactured. Physicochemical and engineering properties of the specimens are evaluated in laboratory with uniaxial compression strength, hydraulic conductivity, shrinkage, chemical resistance, elution, fish poison, waste leaching. Result: Laboratory test results show that the ENASS was superior in all aspects compared to the existing injection matirial. The suitability of the grout material with ENASS is investigated with filed tests. Conclusion: The results of laboratory and field tests demonstrates that the grout material with ENASS is eco-friendly material that increases the strength, decreases the permeability, and discharges pollutants without leaching.

• Korean Aquaculture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 2002

담수산 rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus는 담수어류의 종묘생산시 초기 자어의 먹이생물로 많이 이용되고 있다. 특히, 이 종의 암컷은 수컷에 관계없이 암컷이 난을 생산하는 처녀생식과 수컷과의 교미에 의해 암컷이 수정란(내구란)을 형성하는 유성생식으로 나뉘어진다. 한편, 유성생식에 의해 형성된 내구란은 두터운 2차 난막으로 싸여져 있어 외부환경이 부화에 적합하지 않으면 강한 내구성을 지니고 있어 휴면 상태를 계속 유지한다. 이러한 내구란은 종의 유전적 형질을 효율적으로 보관할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 대량배양하기 위한 종자 및 수산 생태 독성학의 실험재료로 이용할 수 있다. 또한 내구란은 Artemia cyst처럼 쉽게 부화시켜 자어에 직접 먹이로 공급할 수 있는 장점으로 인해 rotifer 대량배양에서 오는 유해 세균과 원생동물에 의한 자치어의 2차 감염을 방지 할 수 있다. 이처럼 rotifer, B. calyciflorus 내구란은 여러 가지 용도로 이용 가능하기 때문에 내구란을 대량생산할 수 있는 조건을 규명하는 것도 중요하다. 그리고 생산된 내구란을 사용 목적에 따라서 간편하게 이용하기 위해서는 내구란을 제품으로 만드는 것도 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 내용은 담수산 rotifer 내구란을 상품화하기 위한 방법으로 내구란의 대량생산과 보존방법에 대해서 설명하고자 한다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1978

Piscicidal substance produced by Streptomyces sp. isolated from soil was toxic against various kinds of fish. After extraction with CH$Cl_3$ from the culture medium, the substance was purified by avicel column chromatography. In order to test toxicity, various kinds of fish were subjected to the acqueous solution of 100 us of the substance per liter of water. Generally, the substance was toxic to most fish, but Macropodus chinenes and Misgurnus mizolepis are resistant to the substance than Gobius similis and Pseudorasbora parva. The substance was stable at pH range, 3.0 to 7.0, but labile at alkaline pH, and to heat as well. Succinic dehydrogenase on most of tissue cell of Cyprinus carpio was inhibited by this substance strongly, but spinal cord was not inhibited. By addition of Cu and Pb salts to the culture medium, piscicidal substance producibility was activated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.113-113
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 나일틸라피아, Oreochomis niloticus를 대상으로 염화나트륨, 포르말린 및 과망간산칼륨에 의한 24시간 급성독성 조사를 실시하였다. 부화 후 14일의 양식산 나일틸라피아 치어(평균 전장 14.8±1.1 mm, 평균 체중 0.05±0.01 g)를 공시어로 사용하였다. 3반복 실험 후의 각 농도에 따른 24시 간 LC/sub 50/ 값과 95% 유의수준에서의 상한치와 하한치는 Litchfield and Wilcoxon 법(US EPA, 1978)에 따른 'probit analysis' software로 계산하였다. 각 처리군의 24시간 LC/sub 50/은 매우 좁은 농도 범위 내에서 급성독성 값에 대한 신뢰범위가 결정되었으며, 처리 농도 증가에 따라 매우 유의한 농도 의존성을 나타내었다. 대조군 나일틸라피아 치어는 희석수에 24시간 처리시 모두 생존하였다. 염화나트륨의 24시간 LC/sub 50/ 값은 18.6‰ 이었으며 95% 신뢰한계의 상한치는 18.7‰, 하한치는 18.5‰ 이었다. 포르말린의 24시간 LC/sub 50/ 값은 152 ppm 이었으며 95% 신뢰한계의 상한치는 156 ppm, 하한치는 148 ppm 이었다. 과망간산칼륨의 24시간 LC/sub 50/ 값은 2.09 ppm 이었으며 95% 신뢰한계 상한치는 2.11 ppm, 하한치는 2.07 ppm 이었다. 포르말린과 과망간산칼륨의 24시간 처리시 죽은 나일틸라피아 치어 개체들은 공통적으로 호흡 장애로 기인된다고 판단되는, 아가미덮개 열림과 아울러 입이 열렸고, 표피 점액에 손상을 입는 독성 증후를 보였다. 본 연구 결과와 더불어 앞으로, 1시간 혹은 2시간의 영향농도(Effect concentration) 파악, stage 민감도 조사, 처리 시간 및 처리 환경을 달리한 급성독성에 관한 연구가 필요할 것이다.}C$에서 전반적으로 증가하였으며, 저 수온인 15$^{\circ}C$는 4 시간까지 낮아지다가 이후 증가 되었다. Hb농도는 3$0^{\circ}C$및 $25^{\circ}C$에서 전반적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 4 시간째 일시적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 15$^{\circ}C$에서는 4시간째까지는 감소되었다가 6 시간째에는 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 증가된 경향은 온도가 높아질수록 용존 산소의 포화도가 낮아져 산소부족 요인에 의해 적혈구수의 증가와 함께 Ht수치도 높아지며 아가미운동을 통한 혈액으로의 산소운반이 능동적으로 이루어지고 있음을 나타내고 있다. 혈장 코티졸의 농도는 $25^{\circ}C$에서는 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 1$0^{\circ}C$및 3$0^{\circ}C$에서는 1 시간까지 증가되었다가 회복되는 경향을 나타내었다. 신장에서의 SOD활성은 $25^{\circ}C$인 경우 대조구보다 높은 값을 유지하였다. 하지만, 30도에서는 4 시간째까지 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 저온인 1$0^{\circ}C$에서는 감소하였다. 간장에서의 CAT의 활성은 3$0^{\circ}C$인 경우 4시간까지 $25^{\circ}C$ 및 15$^{\circ}C$에서는 2 시간까지 증가하였다가 이후 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 고ㆍ저 수온변화에 따른 스트레스가 장기화될 경우 어체의 건강상에 문제점의 발생하여 대량 폐사 및 질병발생의 야기될 것으로 사료된다.은 먹이 공급 6시간 후 가장 높은 값인 44.19$\pm$