• Review of KIISC
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.28-35
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 양자 인증 기법 및 양자 서명 기법을 살펴보고 양자 암호 분야의 연구 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 기존에 제안된 양자 인증 기법 중 고전적인 인증 수열을 이용한 인증 기법과 양자 고유의 읽힘 상태를 이용한 인증 기법을 소개한다. 양자 서명기법에서는 양자 역학의 고유한 성질을 만족하는 특징인 GHZ 상태를 이용하여 믿을 만한 제 삼자의 중재를 통하여 서명 검증을 수행한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2003

We propose a quantum signature scheme with message recovery implemented by a symmetrical quantum key cryptosystem and Creenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(CHZ) triplet states. The suggested scheme relies on the availability of an arbitrator and can be divided into two schemes . one is using a public board and the other is not. The two schemes give us the confidentiality of a message and the higher efficiency in transmission. We propose a quantum signature scheme with message recovery using Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger(GHZ) triplet states.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.27-37
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• 2023

양자 컴퓨팅의 발전으로 기존의 전자서명 기법에 사용되던 소인수분해 문제와 이산로그 문제가 다항 시간 내에 풀린다. 그에 따라 국내외에서는 양자 컴퓨팅 환경에서도 안전한 암호 기법에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 미국 국립 표준 기술 연구소에서 양자 내성 암호 기법의 표준을 설립하고자 Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process를 진행하였으며 전자서명 기법으로는 CRYSTALS-Dilithium, FALCON, SPHINCS+가 표준으로 선택되었다. 국내에서도 양자 내성 암호 표준 수립을 위하여 KpqC 공모전이 개최되었다. 본 논문에서는 KpqC 공모전 Round 1에 제안된 격자 기반 전자서명 기법 중 Dilithium과 같이 Fiat-Shamir with aborts paradigm 구조로 설계된 3개의 기법, HAETAE, GCKSign, NCC-Sign을 분석하고 Dilithium과 함께 비교하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.268-270
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• 2016

최근 양자 컴퓨터 기술의 발전과 양자 컴퓨터와 관련된 Shor 알고리즘과 Grover 알고리즘으로 인해, 기존에 사용되고 있는 블록 암호의 키 크기 증가와 이산대수 기반의 공개키 암호의 안전성에 대한 재평가가 필요한 상황이다. 이러한 상황에서 양자 컴퓨터에 대해 안전한 포스트 양자 암호에 대한 연구가 활발하며, 다변수 기반, 격자 기반, 코드 기반, 해시 기반 등 다양한 포스트 양자 암호들이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 해시 기반 서명 기법의 경우, 기존의 상태를 활용한 방식의 오랜 연산시간과 키/서명 크기가 크다는 단점을 가지고 있으며, 이를 개선한 Stateless 해시 기반 서명 기법의 최신 동향과 전망에 대해서 살펴본다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.683-688
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• 2021

Digital signature algorithms such as RSA and ECDSA are threatened by the development of quantum computer technology, which is attracting attention as a future technology. Alternatively, various post-quantum algorithms such as grid-based, multivariate-based, code-based, and hash-based are being studied. Among them, the hash-based is a fast and quantitative security level that can be calculated and its safety has been proven. So it is receiving a lot of attention. In this paper, we examine various hash-based digital signature algorithms that have been proposed so far, and analyze their features and their strengths and weaknesses. In addition, we emphasize the importance of reducing the size of the signature in order for the hash-based signature algorithm to be practically used.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 2023

In the 4th industrial revolution, the blockchain that distributes and manages data through a P2P network is used as a new decentralized networking paradigm in various fields such as manufacturing, culture, and public service. However, with the advent of quantum computers, quantum algorithms that are able to break existing cryptosystems such as hash function, symmetric key, and public key cryptography have been introduced. Currently, because most major blockchain systems use an elliptic curve cryptography to generate signatures for transactions, they are insecure against the quantum adversary. For this reason, the research on the quantum-resistant blockchain that utilizes lattice-based cryptography for transaction signatures is needed. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a blind signature scheme for the blockchain in which the contents of the signature can be verified later, as well as signing by hiding the contents to be signed using lattice-based cryptography with the property of quantum resistance. In addition, we prove the security of the proposed scheme using a random oracle model.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.533-544
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• 2021

Using Shor algorithm, factoring and discrete logarithm problem can be solved effectively. The public key cryptography, such as RSA and ECC, based on factoring and discrete logarithm problem can be broken in polynomial time using Shor algorithm. NIST has been conducting a PQC(Post Quantum Cryptography) standardization process to select quantum-resistant public key cryptography. The multivariate quadratic based signature scheme, which is one of the PQC candidates, is suitable for IoT devices with limited resources due to its short signature and fast sign and verify process. We analyzes classic attacks and quantum attacks for Rainbow which is the only multivatiate quadratic based signature scheme to be finalized up to the round 3. Also we compute the attack complexity for the round 3 Rainbow parameters, and analyzes the security level of Rainbow, one of the PQC standardization candidates.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2023

다변수 이차식 기반 전자서명은 양자내성암호 중 짧은 서명 길이와 빠른 서명 생성 및 검증으로 인해 자원이 제한된 기기에 적합할 것으로 예상된다. SFLASH는 NESSIE 표준으로 선정되었으며, NIST 양자내성암호 표준 공모에 다수의 다변수 이차식 기반 서명이 제출되었다. 또한 HiMQ는 국내 TTA 표준으로 선정되었다. 이러한 다변수 이차식 기반 전자서명의 장점으로 인해 NSIT 양자내성암호 표준의 추가 전자서명 공모에도 다변수 이차식 기반 전자서명이 제출될 것으로 예상되며, 국내 양자내성암호 국가공모전에는 MQ-Sign이 1라운드 후보로 공개되었다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 다변수 이차식 기반 전자서명에 대해서 살펴보고, 다변수 이차식 기반 전자서명의 표준화 동향에 대해 살펴본다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.517-526
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• 2021

Recently, the acceleration of the development of quantum computers has raised the issue of the safety of factorization and discrete logarithm based digital signature schemes used in existing Internet environments. To solve the issue, several digital signature schemes are presented that are safe in post-quantum computing environments, including standardization work by the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST). In this paper, we design and present a multi-signature scheme based on the TACHYON announced by Behnia et al. in 2018 CCS conference, and prove the security. Multi-signature schemes are key techniques that can distribute the dependence of cryptocurrency-wallet on private keys in the cryptocurrency field, which has recently received much attention as an digital signature application, and many researchers and developers have recently been interested. The multi-signature scheme presented in this paper enables public key aggregation in a plain public key model, which does not require additional zero-knowledge proof, and can construct an effective scheme with only an aggregated public key.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.697-708
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose and implement a method to optimize Rainbow for 8 bit MCU(Microcontroller Unit). As quantum computers have been developed, the security of existing cryptography, especially the signature algorithms, has been threatened, so it is necessary to apply a signature scheme with a quantum-resistance to IoT devices. Currently, the proposed PQC(Post Quantum Cryptography) are lattice-based, hash-based, code-based, and MQ(Multivariate Quadratic)-based cryptographic algorithms and signature schemes. In particular, MQ-based signature schemes are faster than conventional signature schemes and are suitable for IoT devices Do. However, it is difficult to apply 8-bit MCU, which has a large key length and large number of computations, to the memory and performance of IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a method of storing Rainbow, which is a MQ-based signing scheme, in 8-bit MCU by dividing the key and optimizing the computation method. By reducing the memory consumption and improving the algorithm speedily, Compare performance.