• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.10 s.200
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• pp.23-38
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• 2004

This study firstly investigated the relationships of children's social competence with the relevant factors such as mother's parental role satisfaction and parenting behaviors and secondly analyzed if parenting behaviors function as mediators. The subjects were 1865-year-old children and their mothers. The results showed that children's social competence was related to the children's sex, health, and mother's academic career. Children's social competence was influenced by the relation satisfaction between parents and children, the role conflict between wife and husband, the mother s warm-hearted and rational parenting, and the wife's satisfaction of her husband's support. The mother's warm-hearted and rational parenting functioned as a mediator(intermediary factor) between the children's social competence and the mother's parental role satisfaction.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.5 s.77
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• pp.93-102
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• 2005

The present study examined how demographic, paternal, and children's variables were associated with role satisfaction of Korean fathers with young children. Subjects were 236 fathers of 3-5 year old children living in Jeju island in Korea. Data were collected using questionnaires. Among demographic variables, father's income is an only variable that effects on role satisfaction. Role satisfaction is positively associated with child care, marital, job satisfaction, and child-rearing participation in terms of psychological variables. According to multiple regression, role satisfaction was positively predicted by income, gender, and adaptability of children. Moreover, day care, marital, job satisfaction and child-rearing participation were significant predictors of role satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.339-356
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• 2008

Participants in this study on preschool children's ability to delay gratification were 132 4- to 5 year-old children and their mothers from 6 daycare centers. Mothers completed questionnaires reporting their parenting style, their child's ability to delay gratification, and child's temperament. Children participated in the real and hypothetical settings of the delay of gratification experiment. Data was analyzed by t-test, F-test, correlation and discrimination analysis. Results were that (1) 43% of preschoolers passed the delay of gratification experiment. (2) Older children were more able to delay gratification than younger children. (3) Children's rewards choices in the real setting correlated with their rewards choices in the hypothetical situation of delay of gratification. (4) Children's ability to delay gratification was influenced by their motor intelligence.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.153-168
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to examine mother's child rearing practices by mothers of their first-born child as a function of child's sex, temperament, and social class and of mother's marital satisfaction. The subjects were 158 mothers of 3-year-old first-born children in Seoul. Block (1984)'s CRPR, Buss and Plomin (1975)'s EAS, and Roach et al.'s MSS (1981) were used to measure maternal child rearing practices, children's temperament, and mother's marital satisfaction, respectively. The statistical methods for data analysis included t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, multiple regression. The major findings showed there were no sex of child differences in child rearing practices. Social class differences were found in "encouragement of independence", "enjoyment of child" and "openness to experience" in maternal child rearing practices. There were differences in maternal child rearing practices by child's temperament and mother's marital satisfaction. In a multiple regression analysis, it was found that the most significant predictor of maternal child rearing practices was mother's marital satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.12 s.202
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify how characteristics of young children (sex, age, birth order, temperament), parents (education level, employed or unemployed mother, mother's parenting behavior), and family (income) relate to young children's stress levels and to examine the relative effects of these variables on young children's stress. The subjects for this study were 287 young children, aged from 3 to 5 years old, selected from kindergartens and day-care centers in Busan. Data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression. The results were as follows. (1) Young children's stress was correlated with young children's sex, age, birth order and temperament. (2) Young children's stress was correlated with parenting behaviors. (3) Young children's stress was not correlated with income. (4) Children's emotionality and maternal overprotective behavior were the most significant variables affecting the stress experienced by boys and girls, respectively. (5) Maternal overprotective behavior variable affected both sibling and only children's stress.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.225-235
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is to delineate the effect of maternal variables of the verbal abuse. Such variables as the mother's age, her education level, and maternal parenting stress have been chosen for the analysis. The sample subject were 659 pairs of fifth/sixth grade of elementary school and firs/second grade of middle school, and their mothers. The major findings of the research are as follows: first, looking at the correlation between the mother's age/education level and the verbal abuse, the verbal abuse factor shows difference correlating to the mother's age/education level. Second, looking at the correlation between the material parenting stress level and the verbal abuse, the verbal abuse factor shows difference correlating to the maternal parenting stress level. Third, the result of multiple regression analysis on the effects of the maternal variables to the verbal abuse indicates that material parenting stress is the significant contributing factor. All in all, the maternal variables account for 9% of the verbal abuse score.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.53-66
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify how characteristics of young children (sex, age, temperament), mothers (employed or unemployed, intimacy between mother and child, parenting attitudes), and home environment (pet, TV/Video viewing) relate to young children's empathy and to examine the relative effects of then variables on young children's empathy. The subjects for this study were 300 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds selected from kindergartens and day-care centers in Busan. Data were analyzed via t-test, correlation, and multiple regression. Results showed that girls had higher empathy score than boys. Young children's empathy was positively correlated with the sociability of young child's temperament, intimacy between mother and young child, reasoning guidance, affect, achievement of parenting attitudes, and parental intervention toward young child after TV/video viewing. However, young children's empathy was correlated negatively with authoritarian control of parenting attitudes. Among then variables, young children's sex was the most significant variable.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2002

This research delineated variables of maternal influences on children's social competence. The sample consisted of 287 pairs of 5th/6th grade students, their mothers, and 8 classroom teachers in Gwangju City. Analysis included factors of mother's adult attachment, marriage adjustment, affection in child-rearing, level of education and income. The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that affectionate child-rearing is the most significant factor contributing to child's social competence, followed by mother's education, close attachment, income, and anxiety attachment, in that order. These maternal variables accounted for 18% of the child's social competence.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory processing factors that contribute to the temperament and character traits in early childhood. Methods : In this cross-sectional study, caregivers of typically developing children aged 3-6 years responded to the Sensory Profile and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory. Multiple regression analysis was performed with temperament and character traits as criterion variables and sensory processing quadrants as predictive variables. Results : Sensory sensitivity significantly predicted novelty seeking and cooperativeness. The high frequency of sensory sensitivity behavior was related to high novelty seeking and low cooperativeness. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that sensory sensitivity contributes to the novelty seeking temperament and cooperativeness character in early childhood.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sustained attention deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) children and short-term Heart Rate Variability(HRV) parameters. In addition, we evaluate the relationship between The ADHD rating scale(ARS), the computerized ADHD diagnostic system(ADS) and Parenting stress index- short form(PSI-SF). Methods:This study was performed in the department of children and Adolescent psychiatry, Korea university Guro hospital from august 2008 to January 2009. We evaluated HRV parameters by short-term recordings of 5 minutes. K-ARS and ADS are used for screening and identifying ADHD children. Intelligence was measured using Korean educational Developmental Institute-wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The caregivers Complete Parenting Stress Index scale for evaluation parent stress. Results:The low frequency(LF) was significantly correlated with response variability of ADS. However, the other variables of ARS and ADS were not significantly correlated with LF. Hyperactivity subscale of ARS was significantly correlated with parental distress subscale and difficult child subscale of PSI-SF and inattention subscale of ARS was also significantly correlated with dysfunctional interaction and difficult child subscale of PSI-SF. Conclusion:The LF, 0.10-Hz component of HRV is known to measure effort allocation. This study shows that the LF component of HRV is significantly correlated with the response variability of ADS. This means that more severe symptoms of ADHD were correlated with the increase in the LF that means decreased effort allocation. These results also support the clinical usability of HRV in the assessment of ADHD. Furthermore, PSI-SF is correlated with hyperactivity and inattention variables of ARS.