• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2023

The performance of lithium ion batteries depends on the usage environment and the combination ratio of cathode materials. In order to develop a high-performance lithium-ion battery, it is necessary to manufacture the battery and measure its performance while varying the cathode material ratio. However, it takes a lot of time and money to directly develop batteries and measure their performance for all combinations of variables. Therefore, research to predict the performance of a battery using an artificial intelligence model has been actively conducted. However, since measurement experiments were conducted with the same battery in the existing published battery data, the cathode material combination ratio was fixed and was not included as a data attribute. In this paper, we define a training data model required to develop an artificial intelligence model that can predict battery performance according to the combination ratio of cathode materials. We analyzed the factors that can affect the performance of lithium-ion batteries and defined the mass of each cathode material and battery usage environment (cycle, current, temperature, time) as input data and the battery power and capacity as target data. In the battery data in different experimental environments, each battery data maintained a unique pattern, and the battery classification model showed that each battery was classified with an error of about 2%.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.25-33
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• 2023

With the growth of the battery industry, a rapid increase in the production and usage of lithium-ion batteries is expected, and in line with this, much interest and effort is being paid to recycle waste batteries, including production scrap. Although much effort has been made to recycle cathode material, much attention has begun to recycle anode material to secure the supply chain of critical minerals and improve recycling rates. The proximate analysis that measures the content of coal can be used to analyze graphite in anode material, but it cannot accurately analyze due to the interaction between the components of the black mass. Therefore, in this study, thermogravimetric analysis of each component of black mass was measured as the temperature increased up to 950℃ in an oxygen atmosphere. As a result, in the case of cathode material, no change in mass was measured other than a mass reduction of about 5% due to oxidation of the binder and conductive material. In the case of anode material, except for a mass reduction of about 2% due to the binder, all mass reduction were due to the graphite(fixed carbon). In addition, metal conductors (Al, Cu) were oxidized and their mass increased as the temperature increased. Thermal analysis results of mixed samples of cathode/anode show similar results to the predictive values that can be calculated through each cathode and anode analysis results.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2024

The demand for electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries is continuously increasing. Recovery of valuable metals from waste lithium-ion batteries will be necessary in the future. This research investigated the effect of reaction temperature on the lithium recovery ratio from hydrogen reduction followed by water leaching from lithium-ion battery NCM-based cathode materials. As the reaction temperature increased, the weight loss ratio observed after initiation increased rapidly owing to hydrogen reduction of NiO and CoO; at the same time, the H₂O amount generated increased. Above 602 ℃, the anode materials Ni and Co were reduced and existed in the metallic phases. As the hydrogen reduction temperature was increased, the Li recovery ratio also increased; at 704 ℃ and above, the Li recovery ratio reached a maximum of approximately 92%. Therefore, it is expected that Li can be selectively recovered by hydrogen reduction as a waste lithium-ion battery pretreatment, and the residue can be reprocessed to efficiently separate and recover valuable metals.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.197-210
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• 2008

The cathode materials for lithium ion battery have been developed in accordance with the battery performance. $LiCoO_2$ initially adapted at lithium ion battery is going to be useful even at the charging voltage of 4.3 V by surface treatment or doping which drastically improved the performance of $LiCoO_2$. On the other hand, the complicate and multiple functions of recent electronic equipments required higher operational voltage and higher capacity than ever, which is going to be driving force for developing new cathode materials. Some of them are $LiNi_{1-x}{M_xO_2}$, $Li[Ni_{x}Mn_{y}Co_{z}]O_{2}$, $Li[{Ni}_{1/2}{Mn}_{1/2}]O_{2}$. Other new type of cathode materials having high safety is also developed to apply for HEV (hybrid electrical vehicle) and power tool applications. ${LiMn}_{2}{O}_{4}$ and $LiFePO_4$ are famous for highly stable material, which are expected to give contribution to make safer battery. In near future, the various materials having both capacity and safety will be developed by new technology, such as solid solution composite.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.21-29
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• 2010

Cathodic Protection has been introduced as a method of protecting metals under the ground or sea from corrosion. Since 1970, it has been applied to reinforced concrete structures as a corrosion protection method. After 1990, it became used around the world, and its usability has been well confirmed. But this method has some problems in terms of construction and economy. To solve these problems, a Cathodic Protection Method using a highly-durable metal spray was developed. First, the specimen was covered with anodic materials (Zn, Al) by using metal spray. The corrosion protection performance was confirmed by measuring the corrosion current of the specimen. Through the experiment, it is possible to confirm that the Cathodic Protection Method using a high metal spray provides effective protection against corrosion to reinforced concrete structures.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2024

• Bulletin of the Korea Photovoltaic Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

본고에서는 전기화학 양극 산화법(electrochemical anodization)의 원리와 태양전지로의 응용에 관한 연구동향을 알아본다.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2006

This study explored the possibility of porous Si (PS) formed by indirect electrode anodization used for effective isolation material for radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC). We investigated the effect of current density and reaction time on the porosity size and depth, and X-ray diffraction of bulk Si and porous Si to evaluate the change in lattice parameter. Porosity size and depth usually increases with an increase in the current density and reaction time. PS increases the lattice parameter of Si compared to the bulk Si which causes the compressive stress of around 8 MPa. PS formed by the method is believed to be suitable for isolation material for RFIC because it is simple process as well as good compatibility to Si VLSI process.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.9-16
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• 2015

In a recycling scheme of spent lithium ion batteries, a co-precipitation process for the re-synthesis of precursor is essential after the leaching of lithium ion battery scraps. In this study, the effect of ammonia as impurity during the co-precipitation process was investigated in order to re-synthesize a precursor of Ni-rich cathode active material $LiNi_{0.6}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.2}O_2$ (NCM 622). As ammonia concentration increases from 1 M (the optimum condition for synthesis of the precursors based on 2 M of metal salt solution) to 4 M, the composition of obtained precursors deviates from the designed composition, most notably for Ni. The Ni co-precipitation efficiency gradually decreases from 100% to 87% when the concentration of ammonia solution increases from 1 M to 4 M. Meanwhile, the morphological properties of the obtained precursors such as sphericity, homogeneity and size distribution of particles were also investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2018

For the high performance of the secondary battery to satisfy the demands in electronic and energy industries, it is necessary to develop more safe, environmentally friendly and economical electrode. Recently, lithium-sulfur batteries are receiving attention as next-generation secondary cells in terms of its remarkable theoretical capacity, energy density and environmental characteristics. However, they have not yet overcome a fading phenomenon due to the dissolving of the polysulfide. In this study, we intend to fabricate a battery using sulfur, a higher energy density than the other bipolar materials, as an improved secondary cell electrode material. The aim of the study is to improve battery performance with an optimal ratio of the cathode components; such as sulfur of active material and Super P of an electronic conductor.