• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.283-291
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• 2012

The present work reviews some mechanism explaining how thin layer can develop in the near coastal zone. The existence of thin layer was observed by physical research methods later than classical biological approaches. The Richardson number, which is a ratio between the stratification and shear stress is crucial factor determining the occurrence of thin layer. Micro-structure turbulence seems to affect the plankton behavior, in particular the encountering rate. Encountering rate affects significantly feeding, reproduction etc. and this fact was proved by the mechanical simulation methods. Recently the Gyrotaxis was introduced to explain how thin layer occurs in the mixing layer. Such physical approaches to explain ecological problem will be prominent methods for marine ecological research area.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2012

Recently, stratigraphic reservoirs are getting more attention than structural reservoirs which have mostly developed. However, recognizing stratigraphic thin gas reservoirs in a stacked section is usually difficult because of tuning effects. Moreover, if the reflections from the brine-saturated region of a thin layer have the same polarity with those from the gas-saturated region, we could not easily identify the gas reservoir with conventional data processing technique. In this study, we introduced a way to delineate the gas-saturated region in a thin layer reservoir using a spectral decomposition method. First of all, amplitude spectrum with the variation of the frequency and the incident angle was investigated for the medium which represents property of Class 3, Class 1 or Class 4 AVO response. The results show that the maximum difference in the amplitude spectra between brine and gas-saturated thin layers occurs around the peak frequency independent of the incident angle and the type of AVO responses. In addition, the amplitude spectra of the gas-saturated zone are greater than those of brine-saturated one in Class 3 and Class 4 at the peak frequency while those of phenomenon occur oppositely in Class 1. Based on the results, we applied spectral decomposition method to the stacked section in order to distinguish the gas-saturated zone from the brine-saturated zone in a thin layer reservoir. To verify our new method, we constructed a thin-layer velocity model which contains both gas and brine-saturated zones which have the same reflection polarities. As a result, in the spectral decomposed sections near the peak frequency obtained by Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD), we could identify the difference between reflections from gas- and brinesaturated region in the thin layer reservoir, which was hardly distinguishable in the stacked section.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2008

We have succeeded in synthesizing vertically aligned thin multi-walled carbon nanotubes (VA thin-MWCNTs) by a catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method onto Fe/Al thin film deposited on a Si wafers using an optimum amount of hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) additive. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that the as-synthesized CNT arrays were vertically well-oriented perpendicular to the substrate with relatively uniform length. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations indicated that the as-grown CNTs were nearly catalyst-free thin-MWCNTs with small outer diameters of less than 10nm. The average wall number is about 5. We suggested a possible growth mechanism of the VA thin-MWCNT arrays. The VA thin-MWCNTs showed a low turn-on electric field of about $1.1\;V/{\mu}m$ at a current density of $0.1\;{\mu}A/cm^2$ and a high emission current density about $2.5\;mA/cm^2$ at a bias field of $2.7\;V/{\mu}m$. Moreover, the VA thin-MWCNTs presented better field emission stability without degradation over 20 hours (h) at the emission current density of about $1\;mA/cm^2$.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.18-19
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• 2003

측면 연마 광섬유 결합기는 비록 제작 공정이 다소 복잡하지만 다양한 응용이 가능하기 때문에 많은 연구가 진행 되어 왔다. 특히 최근에는 광센서나 초고속 광통신망에 편광 유지 광섬유를 이용한 광학소자의 필요성이 증가 하고 있다. 본 논문은 얇은 중간 금속 층을 가지는 측면 연마 편광 유지 광섬유 결합기를 이용한 편광 분리기에 관한 실험 연구 결과를 보고한다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.355-358
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• 2003

We report experimental results on the wavelength and polarization selective coupling properties of fiber-to-planar waveguide coupler having a thin metal intermediate layer. The influence of the metal layer thickness and the refractive index of the superstrate on the device properties has been measured and explained. The proposed device exhibited various application possibilities including polarizers, modulators, and sensors.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.124-131
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• 1997

흡착식 유회수기의 운전조건을 결정하는데 있어서 스키머의 구동속도와 기름의 물리.화학적 성질에 따른 스키머의 유회수율을 예측하는 것이 필요하다. 이 문제에 대한 이론적인 접근으로 수직구동 평판상에 부착된 기름층의 자유표면유동을 두가지 방법으로 조사하였다. 그 하나는 표면코팅시 얇은 유막에 대하여 수행하는 정상유동해석이며, 다른 방법으로는 스키머 표면유막에 대한 안정성해석이다. 해석은 기름층이 충분히 두꺼워서 스키머는 기름층에서만 작동한다고 가정하였다. 이론추정 결과는 롤러타입의 스키머에 대하여 계측한 실험치와 비교하였는데, 유막의 안정성해석 결과가 유회수기와 같이 상대적으로 고레이놀즈수에서 작동하는 유동의 경우에는 정상해석보다 좀 더 합리적으로 유막의 두께를 산정함을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 물위에 떠있는 얇은 유막층의 유회수성능도 실험하여서 주어진 유막두께에 대하여 롤러의 최적구동속도를 함께 조사하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.411-416
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• 1996

We have studied the effect of a spin-dependence interface electron scattering on the giant magnetoresistance by adding a Fe magnetic material to the Co/Cu interfaces. The $Fe(50\;{\AA})/[Co(17\;{\AA})/Fe(t\;{\AA})/Cu(24\;{\AA})]_{20}$ multilayers are deposited on the Corning glass 2948 and 7059 substrates in a dc magnetron sputtering system. The magnetoresistance ratio is 22 % in the only Co/Cu multilayer, while it is increased to 26 % with inserted ultra thin Fe interface layer and reduced with increasing thickness of the Fe interface layer. It was investigated to the dependence of the magnetoresistance behaviors on annealing temperature. The magnetic properties of the multilayers were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer. Also, the structures and the surface roughness of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscope, respectively. The magnetoresistance ratio was increased to annealing temperature $300^{\circ}C$, but reduced at the temperature higher than $300^{\circ}C$ due to the interfacial diffuse.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.251-255
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• 1999

NiFe(60 $\AA$)/Co(0$\AA$$\leq$x$\AA$$\leq$15$\AA$)/Cu(60$\AA$)/Co(30$\AA$) spin valve thin films were prepared on 4$^{\circ}$ tilt-cut Si(111) substrates with a 50 $\AA$ thick Cu underlayer without applying any external magnetic field during the deposition, and the effects of inserted ultrathin Co layer on magnetic anisotropy and GMR properties of the NiFe(60 $\AA$)/Cu(60$\AA$)/Co(30$\AA$) spin valves were investigated. As the ultrathin Co layer was inserted into the NiFe/Cu interface of the spin valves, GMR ratio was increased from about 1.5% to 3.5%, and the easy axis of NiFe(60 $\AA$) layer was rotated by 90$^{\circ}$. Accordingly, it was aligned along the same direction with the easy axis of Co(30 $\AA$)layer. Therefore, squared R-H curves was obtained in the spin valves, which is favorable properties for the digital GMR devices such as MRAM. In order to investigate the change of magnetic anisotropy of NiFe layer of the spin valves in more details,XRD measurement was performed using NiFe(500 $\AA$) and NiFe(500 $\AA$)/Co(10 $\AA$) thin films on the same templates. Strong (220) NiFe peak was observed in both films regardless of the inserted Co layer, so it was thought that the variation of magnetic anisotropy of NiFe layer is from the interface effect, the change of interface from NiFe/Cu to NiFe/Co, rather than the volume effect such as the change of magnetocrystalline effect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.71-71
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• 1998

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.477-482
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• 1983

섬광법의 응용범위를 증대하기 위하여 시편 저, 후면에서 복사와 대류 열손실이 있고, 전면에 임 의 열원이 가해지는 3층 복합재료의 열확산 방정식을 Green 함수를 도입하여 해석하였다. 본 해 석결과는 고체 재료를 1층 재료로 표면처리를 실시한 얇은 층 또는 코오팅 재료를 2층재료로, 용 기내에 들어있는 액체나 기체를 3층 재료로 하여 저온으로부터 고온에 이르기까지 광범위한 온 도에 걸쳐 열확산 계수를 구하는데 응용될 수 있다.