• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1993

Inulin fructotransferase from Enterobacter sp. S45 was purified with DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and fast protein liquid chromatography. The purified enzyme gave a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was estimated to be 42,800 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimal pH and temperature for the enzyme reaction were pH 5.5 and $55^{\circ}C$, respectively. $Mg^{2+}$ activated the enzyme activity, but $Fe^{3+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Hg^{2+}$ significantly inhibited. After exhaustive digestion of inulin by the enzyme, DFA III, sucrose, 1-kestose and nystose were produced. Sucrose, 1-kestose, raffinose and melezitose can't be used as substrates by the enzyme, but nystose and 1-F-fructofuranosyl nystose were hydrolysed. The Km and Vmax for inulin of the enzyme were 1.4 mM and $0.196\;{\mu}mole/min$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection disease caused by members of the species Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex. Approximately one third of the world's population is infected with TB. In Korea, approximately 40,000 new patients are identified each year. Moreover, infections from non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have also increased. In the diagnosis of TB and NTM, traditional bacterial cultures are required for 3 to 4 weeks. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnostic tests for TB and NTM are needed. To distinguish between TB and NTM, a range of diagnostic methods have been developed worldwide. In vitro diagnostic assays are constantly being developed to meet the increasing need for the rapid and accurate identification for TB and NTM. On the other hand, the performance evaluations of in vitro diagnostic reagents for TB and NTM are lacking. Recently, the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) issued a guideline for in vitro diagnostic reagents for MTB and NTM. Here, this study analyzed the performance of currently developed in vitro diagnostic reagents for TB and NTM in the US FDA. This analysis of US FDA approved molecular assays could serve as a useful reference for an evaluation of the reagent performance of TB and NTM.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.806-813
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• 2000

Attempts were made to evaluate possibilities of adding water soluble chitosan to milk for improving functionality of milk, and physico-chemical and sensory properties of chitosan added milk were studied. pH and acidity of milk with ethyl alcohol washed chitosan were close to those of control. Color and consistency of chitosan added milk were better with chitosan of lower molecular weight than with high molecular weight. Chitosan of high molecular weight resulted in increased consistency and browning of milk. Milk with less than 1.0% chitosan could be sterilized at $73^{\circ}C$ for 15 sec. with minimum protein coagulation and increase of consistency. Low molecular weight chitosan$(MW\;0.2{\sim}3\;kDa)$ accelerated the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum, showing 10 times more cell population after 32 hrs incubation. Sensory tests showed that adding chitosan to the regular city milk resulted in significant difference in color and chemical off-flavor(p<0.05). When chitosan was added to coffee milk, there was no significant difference in sensory quality from control. The storage test showed that pH, acidity, consistency and color of coffee milk with 0.5% chitosan did not change markedly during 30 days storage at 0 and $5^{\circ}C$, but changed rapidly after 16days storage at $10^{\circ}C$. Bacterial counts increased when storage temperature was high, and the growth of bacteria was delayed in coffee milk with chitosan.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.634-639
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• 2005

Purpose : An understanding of the immunological process is required if primary prevention of atopic diseases is to be developed in early childhood. But, it is too hard to distinguish atopy from nonatopy under the age of two clinically, because the expression of phenotype and cytokines is vague in early childhood. We evaluated DNA methylation changes at Th2 interleukin-4 gene in peripheral blood from atopic children. Methods : We selected 15 allergic children(mild : eight, moderate to severe : seven) and seven normal controls by using family allergy scores and clinical histories. We measured Total IgE and Der f II specific IgE levels and cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells with Der f II stimulation and extracted DNA from Der f II specific T cells. We examined the change of CpG methylation in DNA from atopic and nonatopic children. Results : In T cells from normal children, IL-4 DNA were predominantly methylated; otherwise, CpG demethylation occurred in Der f II specific T cells from allergic children. Conclusion : IL-4 DNA methylation changes occurred in T genes from allergic children and DNA methylation assay in early childhood.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2007

The influences of pH were investigated for anaerobic hydrogen gas production under the constant pH condition ranged from pH 3 to 10. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas were main components of the gas but methane was not detected in the produced gas when sucrose was added in enrichment medium. When the modified Gompartz equation was applied for the statistical analysis of experimental data, a hydrogen production potential and maximum gas production rate at pH 5 were 1,182 mL and 112.46 mL/g dry wt biomass/hr. The hydrogen conversion ratio was 22.56%. The butyrate/acetate ratios at pH 5 and pH 6 are 1.63 and 0.38. Higher butyrate/acetate ratio produced more hydrogen gas generation. The Haldane equation model was used to find the optimum pH and fitted well with the experimental data$(r^2=0.98)$. The optimum pH and specific hydrogen production were 5.5 and 119.61 mL/g VSS/h.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.352-358
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• 2014

The feasibility of perchlorate reducing-bacteria isolated from the sludge of an anaerobic digester was determined using ammonium perchlorate in aqueous medium. Growth kinetics of the two perchlorate reducing bacteria including Rhodococcus sp. YSPW01 and YSPW02 were investigated using acetate as the electron donor in batch experiment. The growth of YSPW01 and YSPW02 reached a steady-state at 26 and 9 h, respectively. The initial perchlorate concentration was completely reduced within 8 and 7 h by YSPW01 and YSPW02, respectively. The reduction rates were 2.1 and $15mg\;L^{-1}h^{-1}$ for YSPW01, and 3.2 and $15.5mg\;L^{-1}h^{-1}$ for YSPW02, at 1:1 and 5:1 ratios of acetate:perchlorate (w:w), respectively. In this study, the bacteria Rhodococcus sp. YSPW01 and YSPW02 demonstrated a potential for the perchlorate reduction, which could be further investigated for development of an efficient strategy to treat the perchlorate contaminated waters.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.69-90
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• 2006

1997년 시장개방 이후 할인점을 중심으로 한 대형유통점은 급성장한 반면, 중소유통점은 계속 쇠퇴하고 있다. 대형유통점이 대도시에 이어 지방중소도시로 확대되면서 중소유통점은 대형유통점이 자신의 생존을 가장 크게 위협하고 있는 것으로 인식하고 있다. 이로 인해 중소유통점과 대형유통점간의 갈등이 확산되고 있는 실정이다. 갈등이 확산되면서 일부 지자체의 경우 이미 조례로 대형유통점에 대한 규제를 강화하였으며, 일부 의원들에 의해 대형 유통점에 대한 규제를 주 내용으로 하는 입법발의가 되고 있다. 중소유통점이 정부와 지자체에 요구하는 것은 크게 두 가지이다. 하나는 중소유통업을 살리기 위해 중소유통점에 대한 지원을 강화해 달라는 것이며, 또 다른 하나는 대형유통점에 대한 규제를 강화해 달라는 것이다. 반면, 대형유통점은 유통산업 전체의 건전한 발전과 선진화, 글로벌화를 위해 대형유통점에 대한 규제를 오히려 완화해 달라고 요구하고 있다. 대형유통점은 중소유통점의 경쟁력 강화를 목적으로 하는 정부나 지자체의 지원에는 반대하고 있지 않다. 정부와 지자체가 고려할 수 있는 정책대안은 크게 네 가지이다. 첫 번째 방안은 자유경쟁의 원리에 의해 정부가 시장에 개입하지 않는 것이다. 이 경우, 경쟁력이 약한 중소유통점은 계속 쇠퇴할 것이며 갈등이 심화되고 정부와 지자체에 대한 사회정치적 비난이 커질 우려가 있다. 두 번째 방안은 중소유통점의 경쟁력 강화를 위해 정부와 지자체가 이들에 대한 지원을 강화하는 것이다. 개별 중소유통점의 경영혁신 노력과 중소유통점간의 연대노력을 행 재정적으로 지원하는 것이 주된 내용이다. 중소유통사업자의 경영능력 배양을 목적으로 한 교육지원, 마케팅능력 제고, 협업화, 조직화, 정보화의 촉진, 공동사업에 대한 지원이 이에 해당될 것이다. 현재 정부와 다수의 지자체가 취하고 있는 방안이며 네 가지 대안 중 가장 합리적인 것으로 평가되고 있다. 세 번째 방안은 대형유통점과 중소유통점간의 상생협력을 정부와 지자체가 유도하는 것이다. 경쟁관계에 있는 두 당사자 간의 상생협력을 모색하는 것은 모양새는 아름답지만 실효성이 낮은 것이 문제이다. 전시성, 일회성 사업으로 끝나지 않도록 하여야 할 것이다. 네 번째 방안은, 정부와 지자체가 대형유통점에 대한 규제를 강화하는 것이다. 먼저, 대형유통점의 불공정거래행위에 대한 감시감독과 처벌을 강화하는 것은 당연한 것이다. 그러나 정부가 아닌 지자체가 이를 주도하기는 사실 어려움이 있다. 그리고 대형유통점이 영업행위를 영업시간제한에서부터 출점제한에 이르기까지 규제하는 건은 심사숙고하여야 한다. 대형유통점이 국가경제 및 지역사회에 미치는 영향이 부정적인가 긍정적인가에 대해 국내외 학계와 업계에서 여전히 많은 논란이 있기 때문이다. 정부와 지자체에 의한 시장개입은 반드시 필요한 경우에 한해 합당한 방법에 의해 이루어져야 한다. 대형유통점에 대한 규제는 지역사회에 미치는 영향을 다면적으로 평가한 결과에 근거하여 이루어져야 할 것이다. 대부분의 지자체는 체계적인 평가시스템과 객관적인 통계 자료를 갖고 있지 못한 실정이다. 향후 가장 시급한 과제는 시장개방 이후 지난 10년간 대형유통점이 지역사회에 미친 영향에 관한 광범위한 통계자료를 수집하고 이를 체계적으로 분석하여 정책방향을 올바르게 설정하는 것이라 할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.138-146
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• 1989

This experiment was conducted to utilize the water soluble protein from the fish meal in wastewater as nitrogen source by alkaline protease producting bacteria and to investigate the culture condition of the production. G-12 and G-14 strains having the strong activity of the alkaline pretense were isolated from sea water. These strains were identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Pseudomonas alcaligenes according to physiologycal characteristics, respectively. In enzyme production, galactose and casein for G-12 strain, and raffinose and the water soluble protein of the fish meal wastewater for G-14 strain was favorable as carbon and nitrogen source. An action of inhibition appeared in all of the metal salts used. The optimal temperature of enzyme production was $30^{\circ}C$ for all strains. Optimal initial pH for the enzyme formation in G-12 and G-14 strains was pH 10.0 and 8.0. When these two strains were incubated for $30\~35$ hours in the optimal production medium, the enzyme production reached at maximum.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.187-191
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• 2006

This research is about the optical characteristics of algae which is collected from Nam-Hae for basic research of red tide remote sensing technique development 21 kinds of red tide organisms were cultivated to investigate optical characteristics of them in the level of laboratory, and chlorophyll specific absorption coefficient $(a^*)$ and backscattering coefficient $(b_b^*)$ are estimated by using spectrophotometer. Absorption spectrums according to species appeared to range from 0.005 to 0.06 $(m^2/mg)$, and the shapes of spectrums were also different. The range of $b_b^*$ appeared to be $10^{-2}\sim10^{-4}m^2/mg$, which had about 100 times differences between species, and the shape of spectrum have significant difference between species. These results will input as an ocean color model input parameter from ocean color.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2011

Over-application of nitrogen fertilizer keeps increasing the salinity in the soils of greenhouse in domestic agriculture. In order to remove the excess amounts of soil nitrate, soil microorganisms which have high capacity of nitrate uptake were isolated from the upland soils and their nitrate uptake activities were measured. Strain GS2 was able to remove 50 mM nitrate within 12 h. After sequence comparison analysis of 16S rRNA gene, the strain was identified and named as Bacillus sp. GS2. When the growth and nitrate uptake activities were measured, maximal values were obtained at $30-40^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$, respectively; however, both were optimal at pH 6-8. In the media containing 50 mM nitrate, Bacillus sp. GS2 removed 43 mM nitrate which is corresponding to 86% removal. Similar amounts of nitrate removal were observed at the nitrate concentrations up to 300 mM, showing a saturation in nitrate uptake at concentrations above 50 mM. These results imply that Bacillus sp. GS2 can be a good candidate for the microbial remediation of accumulated environmental nitrate because of its excellent growth and nitrate uptake activity.