• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1998

Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides K7 and E15-1 produced hydrogen from glucose rapidly for the first 24 hrs of culture under the anaerobic and photosynthetic conditions and then ceased the hydrogen production because of the accumulation of organic acids such as acetic acid and formic acid in the culture broth, decreasing the pH to 4.2-4.5. Only 43% and 73% of glucose in the culture were consumed even after 6 days of incubation by R. sphaeroides K7 and E15-1, respectively. The hydrogen production and glucose consumption, however, were substantially increased when the pH of the culture was adjusted to 6.8-7.0: Hydrogen production continues even after 10 days of culture and glucose was consumed completely after 2.5 and 4.5 days by R. sphaeroides K7 and E15-1, respectively, Furthermore, the bacteriochlorophyll contents in R. sphaeroides K7 and E15-1 were increased by 44 and 9 folds and the cell concentrations by 10 and 2.5 folds, respectively, after 7 days of culture. R. sphaeroides K7 and E15-1 also produced hydrogen from acetic, lactic, butyric and malic acids under the anaerobic and photosynthetic conditions even though the amounts of hydrogen produced were lower than that from glucose. The results of this experiment indicate that under the anaerobic and synthetic conditions R. sphaeroides K7 and E15-1 might use the NADH oxidation mediated by ferredoxin and hydrogenase to evolve hydrogen from glucose for the first 24 hrs and then the organic acids produced were used as electron donners for the production of hydrogen in the nitrogen-limited condition.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 1983

The productions of beta-exotoxin from sixteen Bacillus thuringiensis strains were examined by Micrococus flava primarily, and then measured by spectrophotometer during culturing in Conner and Hansen mineral salts medium at 28$^{\circ}C$. Also the toxic effects of the toxin to mice were checked. The growth of Bacillus thuringiensis K2 and BTK2-T1, -T13, -T33 and -T40 got into stationary phase at 6 hour culture and then maintained it up to 48 hours without severe fluctuation. The production of beta-exotoxin from the strains, BTK2, BTK2-T1, -T13, -T17 and -T33 appeared at 6 hour culture and the amounts of the toxin were about 40 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ at 6 hour culture, approximately 70 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ at 12 hours, approximately 85$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ from 24 hours to 48 hours. At 48 hour-culture, BTK2 produced 80 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ of beta-exotoxin (5.5$\times$10$^{8}$ cells/$m\ell$, BTK2-T13 produced 84 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ (4.3$\times$10$^{8}$ cells/$m\ell$), BTK2-T17 produced 87$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ (1.4$\times$10$^{8}$ cells/$m\ell$), and BTK2-T33 produced 84 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ (4.9$\times$10$^{8}$ cells/$m\ell$). All other serotypes also produced beta-exotoxin. At 48 hour culture, BTK-37 produced 88$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ (6.1$\times$10$^{8}$ cells/$m\ell$), BTK-35 produced 81 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$), and the rest of them produced less than 70 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. To check the toxicity of beta-exotoxin and B. thuringiensis, the cultured media with microorganisms were inoculated to mice by per os, intraperiloneal, subcutaneous and intracerebral injection, and nasal cavity inoculation for 30 days. However, the toxin did not kill all of the treated mice.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 1999

Nutrients removal by water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms from nutrient enriched waters and swinery wastewater were evaluated. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus of dried water hyacinth increased from 1.4 to 3.3% and 0.21 to 0.80% when water hyacinth available N and P in the culture medium were increased from 0.7 to 5.0 mgN/1 and 0.06 o 1.5 mgP/l. respectively. Maximum N and P contents were found to be 4.1 and 0.90%, respectively. The significant relationship was observed between the standing crop of water hyacinth and the biomass yield per unit area and time. Biomass yield increased gradually until standing crop reached 15 kg wet wt./m$^2$, and then rapidly decreased. The high biomass yield of up to 0.5 kg/m$^2$/day was obtained in the range of 7 to 20 kg/m$^2$of standing crop. The potential removal rates of N and P by the water hyacinth during summer were found to be 2,250 to 2,710 mgN/m$^2$/day and 570 to 595 mgP/m$^2$/day, respectively, when 15 kg/m$^2$in standing crop and nutrient concentrations of culture medium were ranged from 1.24 to 6.2 mgP/1 and 3.2 to 32.5 mgN/1, respectively, Inorganic N and P concentrations of swinery wastewater were in the range of 82 to 121 mgN/1 and 22 to 79 mgP/1, respectively. Nitrogen and P removal rates of water hyacinth cultured in swinery wastewater were found to be in the ranges of 2,000 to 2,600 mgN/m$^2$/day and 157 to 254 mgP/m$^2$/day, respectively, at 10 times diluted water of swinery wastewater.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.207-210
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• 2000

We investigated the structure of floral organs and possibility of seed-set to breed a variety in ginger Zingiber officinale Rosc. Floral bud was formed from collected domestic Seosan var, and foregin Thailand var, the number of florets per bud were 8 and 10 in Seosan and Thailand var, respectively, Flowering time ranged from 18 to 25 August irregularly at 4-5 pm. The flower has the long styled with fiber hairs on top of stigma and connected-two anthers. Pollens were mixed of circular and ellips shape and its extine was two layer structure. Callus formation from anther explants was effective with compact and embryogenic on N$_{6}$ medium supplemented 2 mg/l of NAA(NCM). Plant regeneration was on the MS medium with BA of 1-2 mg/l from 40 days old callus after transferred callus medium.m.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2003

본 연구는 난소의 황체를 체외배양시 TGF-$\beta$1의 황체내 발현을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 돼지 황체는 축산기술연구소에서 사육중인 돼지(체중 145$\pm$kg) 12두로부터 발정을 유도시켜 배란 후 약 48시간째 도축하여 난소를 회수하였다. 회수된 난소로부터 황체를 분리하여 세절한 후 0.25% collagenase용액(0.025mg DNase, 50mM EDTA, 50mM Dithio-threitol)으로 37$^{\circ}C$의 진탕 수조에서 30분간 배양하여 황체세포를 분리 회수하였다. 회수된 황체세포는 D-MEM용액(GIBCO, 10% FCS와 antibiotics 첨가)으로 2회 세척하여 1$\times$$10^{6}$live cell/$m\ell$이 되도록 희석하여 24 well culture plate(Corning, New Tork 14831)에 분주하여 $CO_2$ 배양기($CO_2$: 5%)에서 24시간 간격으로 2회 배양액을 교환해 48시간 동안 배양하였다. 배양된 황체 세포는 immunocytochemistry 방법으로 TGF-$\beta$1의 발현을 관찰함과 동시에 황체조직도 같은 방법을 사용하여 TGF-$\beta$1 의 발현 유ㆍ무을 관찰하였다. 그 결과 황체세포 그리고 황체 조직 뚜렷한 TGF$\beta$1의 발현을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과로서 TGF$\beta$1은 황체기능을 유지하는데 하나의 인자로서 작용하며 다른 인자들과의 상호작용을 시사하고 있다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 1987

Among the several lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus showed the highest acid production when it was cultured mixed with Sacchasomyces uvarum in soymilk. The highest acid production was obtained in 16 hrs of cultivation when the inoculation ratio of L. acidophilus and S. uvarum was 2:1 and the temperature was $30{\sim}37^{\circ}C$. The acid production was greatly enhanced by the addition of 2.0% sucrose. However, skim milk was not stimulatory in mixed culture. During mixed culture in soymilk, acid production was affected by the enzymatic reaction of yeast.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 1995

Diploid plants were obtained by anther culture of tetraploid poplar(Populus alba L. X P.glandutosa Uyeki). The effect 2,4D on callus formation from anther culture was greater than any other auxins tested. The highest average number of multiple shoots per callus was obtained when zeatin was used at levels of 6-8 ${\mu}$M. Regenerated shoots were excised and transferred to MS basal medium. Rooted plantlets were subsequently transferred to pots containing artificial soil mix. Finally 100 plane were transplanted in nursery located in forest Genetics Research Institute. for the 300 anther clones growing in greenhouse for 6 months after transplanting, 33% were slow-growing, 47% were rapid-growing and 20% had huge leaf size with rapid-growing characteristics. Chromosome study showed a narrow range of variation from diploid to tetraploid. DNA polymorphism studies using various RAPD markers revealed some extend of differences among the anther-clones in their band pattern.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2006

Recently, it has been known that Hericium erinaceum is a one of the very useful functional materials with great attention in mushroom processing industry. In present study, a liquid culture which was not studied systematically until now, was conducted as a method of cultivation for H. erinaceum, and also examined the characteristics of the liquid culture and conditions of process optimization. A good basal medium was selected through the cultivation of 16 species mushroom media and the optimum condition for medium and cultivation were chosen by response surface method. From these results, the optimum condition of medium for mushroom was 3% glucose, 0.2% yeast extract/peptone(1:1) and 0.1% $KH_2PO_4/MgSO_4$(1:1) and also the optimal culture condition was obtained at inoculum of 13.42%, temperature of $22.3^{\circ}C$ and pH of 5.7. The mycelial dry weight of 9 g/I was obtained under these conditions and this amount was about 1.7 times higher than that which were cultivated in basal medium for 8 days.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2003

Established cell-line cultures of cultured and wild mountain ginseng were characterized and their abilities to produce ginsenoside were determined. Cell lines were made of calli induced from the roots of wild mountain ginseng and cultured ginseng(Panax ginseng). Suspension cultures of wild mountain ginseng and cultured ginseng showed different growth and ginsenoside production rate. Their specific growth rates were 0.067 and 0.0035 day-1 in spite of having the same sugar consumption rates, where cells from wild mountain ginseng grew almost twice as fast as those of cultured ginseng. Their respective abilities to produce ginsenoside, however, were 0.53 and 2.53 mg/L.day, which means cells from cultured ginseng produced around 5 times more than wild mountain ginseng.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.294-306
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• 1986

In order to find out whether myoblast cells release into the culture medium any substances that induce or promote the fusion of myoblasts, chick embryonic myoblasts were cultured and the cultured medium (muscle-conditioned medium, MCM) was collected. The MCM was then added to the newly cultured myoblasts to examine if it has fusion-promoting activity. The MCM was also analyzed for its protein content before and after its addition to the second culture. The MCM apparently showed fusion-promoting activity when applied to unfused young myoblasts, suggesting that it contained substances that promote the fusion and that had been released from cells fo the previous culture. Analysis of proteins in the myoblasts and in the MCM suggested that the released protein was absorbed by or tightly bound to myoblasts of the second culture. One of the released proteins of about 175 kilodalton was degraded to a polypeptide of approximately 145 kilodalton, which appeared to act upon the membrane proteins of unfused myoblasts so as to stimulate their membrane to fuse with neighboring cells.