• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2015

Streptomyces spp. isolated from turfgrass rhizosphere and tested for their response to large-patch control fungicides. The tested fungicides were actually used in golf course or turfgrass cultivation to prevent large-patch disease. Tolerance to 3 triazole group of the strains was the highest to the PR fungicide, and following the SR fungicide, whereas the isolated strains were no tolerance to HR fungicide. Tolerances to three kind of Strobilurin group were similar for the all of the tested Streptomyces spp.. Growth and sporulation of the all strain was normal in CB and AP fungicide treatments. However no spore formulated in double concentration. Strains, tolerance to acetanilide fungicides, appeared that KT fungicide tolerance was higher than MK fungicide. The selected strains showed strong tolerance against AT fungicide but have no tolerance to ATR fungicides. In conclusion, the bacterial strains showed tolerance against 1 carbamate, 1 organophosphate and 1 cyanopyrrole group, while have no tolerance against two mixture formulations (1 Quinone + Strobilurin and 1 Imidazole + Triazole).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.377-382
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• 2012

This study investigated the occurrence of sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci affecting cucumber, eggplant and red pepper, as well as sweet potato species, and its response to insecticides in Gyeonggi province from 2010 to 2011. Sweet potato whitefly is widespread throughout the southern part of Gyeonggi province. Most regional populations of B. tabaci belong to biotype Q having been reported in the south Korea since 2005, but in Goyang mixed populations of two biotypes (B and Q) were found. Survey results of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) disease that was vectored by B. tabaci indicated that this virus disease was not spread throughout the Gyeonggi province. Biotype Q of B. tabaci was found to be resistant to neonicotinoid insecticides, whereas biotype B was highly susceptible to them.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.422-426
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• 2008

Background: Mycobacterium abscessus is the most pathogenic and drug-resistant rapid-growing mycobacterium. Clarithromycin or azithromycin are the only regular oral antimycobacterial agents that have an effect on M. abscessus. We tried to detect the clarithromycin-resistant strains from the clinical isolates of M. abscessus. Methods: We tried to isolate the clarithromycin-resistant strains from 220 clinical isolates of M. abscessus by performing using reverse hybridization assay (RHA) and the broth microdilution test (BMT). Results: Seven resistant strains (3.2%) from all the tested clinical isolates were detected by BMT. Three of these resistant strains were also detected by RHA and it was confirmed that they had point mutants. Conclusion: These results showed that clarithromycin resistance in M. abscessus clinical isolates is related to a point mutation and other unknown mechanisms.

• 보건세계
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• v.40 no.10 s.446
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• pp.4-7
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• 1993

1944년 임상적으로 사용되기 시작한 스트렙토마이신은 전세계 결핵환자의 치료약제로 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 스트렙토마이신의 알레르기성 과민반응의 경우 그 발생빈도가 대단히 낮고 그로인한 사망률도 극히 낮은 안전한 약제임에도 불구하고, 오히려 그 부작용이 과장되게 알려져 있어 사용하기를 꺼리는 경향이 있다. 임상증세로는 주로 피부, 호흡기, 순환기, 소화기의 장기와 관련되어 발생한다. 초회 주사시의 쇼크는 자신도 모르는 사이에 이미 감작되었을 가능성이 있으며 주사를 계속 맞다가 발생하는 수도 있다. 무엇보다도 예방이 가장 중요하며 혼자의 과거 알레르기반응의 유무 및 약물 사용력을 정확히 파악한 후 사용하여야 한다

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2001

Five hundred sixteen isolates of Botrytis elliptica were isolated from infected leaves of Lilium longiflorum from Kangwon alpine areas in Korea during tile seasons from 1998 to 2000 and resistance of these isolates against some fungicides were examined. The isolation frequency of phenotypes resistant to benomyl, procymidone, and diethofencarb were 90.1, 32.4, and 40.9%, respectively. The isolates were divided into six phenotypic groups; RSS, RRS, SSR, SRR, RSR and RRR, representing sensitive (S) or resistant (R) to benzimidazole, dicarboximide, and N-phenylcarbamate fungicides in order. The percentage of six phenotypes were 40.7, 8.5, 7.2, 2.7, 19.8, and 21.1%, respectively. The RSS phenotype was the most frequently isolated, and tile SRR consisted of the extremely minor populations. In comparison studies on tile overwintering ability of each phenotype in relation to the others, the most frequently isolated RSS and SSR had the higher fitness ability than the less frequently isolated RSR, SRR, and RRR. Recently, population increase of tile RSR and RRR phenotypes may have resulted from the increased applications of the mixture of carbendazim and diethofencarb to control benzimidazole-resistant B. elliptica since 1998. The results of this study indicate that careful application of the fungicides is necessary to achieve effective control of leaf blight on lily in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 1993

To investigate a simple and rapid screening method for photosynthetic inhibitory herbicides, responses of tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.) and liverwort(Marchantia polymorpha L.) PA(photoautotrophic) cells to various commercial herbicides with different modes of action and leaf extracts of four weed species were compared. PET (photosynthetic electron transport) inhibitory type of herbicides has greater inhibitory effect in liverwort photoautotrophic cells than the photomixotrophic and heterotrophic cultured cells. Similary, PET inhibitory type of herbicides inhibited the oxygen evolution more in liverwort PA cells than the other type of herbicides. Based on oxygen evolution, 60% inhibition was observed by the 10% aqueous extracts of Polygonum hydropiper, while there was 100% inhibition by the 10% methanol extracts of Polygonum hydropiper. This assay gave well correlated results to the Hill reaction data using isolated thylakoids. Thus liverwort photoautotrophic cells might be suitable materials for rapid screening method for photosynthetic inhibitory herbicides.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2009

Based on the insecticidal efficacy by insecticide treatment methods, neurophysiological responses were compared with the larvae of diamondback moth (DBM) and beet armyworm (BAW) using pyrethroids working on nervous system. By body spray method, all pyrethroids were showed lower insecticidal activity below 50% on the larvae of DBM and BAW. By leaf dipping method, DBM larvae were showed the insecticidal activity as 100% at 50 ppm deltamethrin, 80.0% at fenvalervate and 63.3% at permethrin. However, BAW larvae were showed lower insecticidal activity as similar as control in all concentration. In order to examine electrophysiological response on nervous system on DBM and BAW larvae when treated three insecticides, we investigated the voltage and reaction degree. The voltage of DBM were responded as high as $10^{-7}M$ in deltamethrin, $10^{-5}M$ in fenvalerate and $10^{-3}M$ in permethrin. However, those of BAW were showed dull responses with small variation of voltage to all three insecticides.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.361-369
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the differences in the effects of nematicidal materials (Burkholderia rinojensis, fluazaindolizine, fluopyram, fosthiazate, hydrogen peroxide, and imicyafos) on eggs and larvae of the sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii and clover cyst nematode, H. trifolii, which have recently become problematic in highland Chinese cabbage cultivation areas in Korea. Comparison of the hatching rates according to the test materials showed differences between treatments. In the treatment with fluopyram, fosthiazate, and imicyafos, a very high hatching inhibitory effect of 99% was observed in both nematodes, and there was no difference in the efficacy of treatments between nematode species except for that with hydrogen peroxide. Regarding the nematocidal activity of treatments against hatched larvae, only the fluazaindolizine treatment, despite showing a high hatching inhibitory effect, showed a low nematicidal effect of less than 30% against both nematodes, whereas a mortality rate of more than 90% was observed in the other treatments. There was no difference between nematode species in the reactions of the 2nd instar juveniles to all nematicidal test materials after 24 and 48 h of treatment. Although there are limitations to the laboratory experiment, the reaction to the nematicidal materials of the two cyst nematodes that damage the same host was similar, and simultaneous control is suggested in the areas where the two nematodes occur together.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.224-228
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• 2003

Five commercial chemicals, Dimethomorph, Foseyl-Al, Oxadixyl + Mancozeb, Propamocarb hydrochloride, and Metalaxyl, were tested for control of tobacco black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae) and/or delaying buildup of the resistant population to Metalaxyl which has been used for control of the disease in Korean tobacco farms. Propamocarb hydrochloride seemed to have a cross-resistance to the Metalaxyl resistant isolates showing similar response with Metalaxyl in vitro. Meanwhile, Dimethomorph+Mancozeb and Oxadixyl+Mancozeb were selected to be the promising chemicals which are able to be alternative to Metalaxyl for the black shank control in accordance with in vitro and in field trial.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.175-187
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• 2003

Background : Although corticosteroid and cytotoxic agent such as cyclophosphamide have been used for the treatment idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), efficacy of these toxic drugs are unclear because previous reports included the patients who did not undergo surgical lung biopsy and none evaluated the response according to histopathologic entities of IIP. To answer this, we retrospectively analyzed the treatment response and side effects of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide therapy in patients with idiopathic UIP and NSIP. Methods : Among 61 patients with UIP and 26 patients with NSIP diagnosed by surgical lung biopsy at Samsung Medical Center from July 1996 to June 2002, those who received corticosteroid or cyclophosphamide therapy for at least 6 months and were followed for at least one year after the initiation of treatment were enrolled (32 UIP, 23 NSIP). Treatment response of 55 patients was assessed by ATS response criteria (clinical symptoms, pulmonary function test and radiological findings). Adverse reactions to either agent (42 cases of cyclophosphamide${\pm}$low-dose prednisolone, 49 cases of prednisolone alone) were also analyzed. Results : Irrespective of treatment regimen, NSIP showed more favorable response than UIP (6 months: 78.3% vs. 9.4%, 12 months: 69.6% vs. 9.4%, p<0.001). Cyclophosphamide showed comparable response to corticosteroid in NSIP while its efficacy was as poor as those of corticosteroid therapy in UIP. Significant adverse reaction to drug more frequently occurred in corticosteroid group (35.7%) than cyclophosphamide group (14.3%) (p=0.017). Conclusion : Cyclophosphamide is effective and more tolerable than corticosteroids in the treatment of idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.