• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.108-113
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• 2006

야간 운전시 전조등의 밝기 변동에 대한 운전자의 인식 연구를 위하여 먼저 실내 실험실을 설계 및 구축하고 전조등의 순간적인 밝기 변동과 피험자의 뇌파 측정을 위한 시스템을 구축하였다. 실내 실험실의 설계를 위해 야간 운전시 전조등에 의한 운전자의 순응휘도를 먼저 결정한 후, 순응휘도를 바탕으로 실내 실험실의 바닥면, 수직벽, 측벽 등의 반사율을 계산하고, 실내 실험실의 수직벽 상에 출현할 장애물의 크기와 밝기를 계산하였다. 또한 피험자의 뇌파 측정을 위해서는 32개의 뇌파 측정 채널과 1개의 트리거 채널을 지니고 있는 WEEG-32를 사용하였고, 전조등의 순간적인 전압 변동을 위해서는 HP 6032-A를 사용하였다. 또한 HP 6032-A와 WEEG-32를 제어하기 위한 콘트롤러를 제작하였고 본 실험에 들어가기 전 예비실험을 행하여 실험 시간, 피험자 휴식 시간, 구체적 실험 순서, 전조등의 전압변화 패턴, 장애물 경로 등을 결정하였다.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in the effects of eye-mask and light-off on sleep status according to a commercial fitness tracker and a sleep diary of psychiatric in-patients in correctional facilities where nocturnal light is compulsory. Methods: This study was conducted over 3 consecutive nights. In-patients of the National Forensic Psychiatric Hospital (n = 29) were assigned random subject numbers and slept as usual in the light-on condition on the first night. The subjects slept with eye-masks in the light-on condition on another night and without an eye-mask in the light-off condition on the other night. Subjects were asked to sleep wearing a commercial fitness tracker and to keep a sleep diary. The order of these changes in bedroom lighting condition on the second and third nights was assigned randomly to participants. Results: In comparison of the sleep variables between the light-on condition and the eye-mask condition, the Wakefullness After Sleep Onset (WASO) was shorter and sleep satisfaction was higher in the latter.(respectively, Z = 3.66, p < 0.017 ; Z = 2.69, p < 0.017) In comparison of the sleep variables between the light-on and light-off conditions, the WASO was shorter and sleep efficiency and sleep satisfaction were higher in the latter (respectively, Z = 2.40, p < 0.017 ; Z = 3.02, p < 0.017 ; Z = 3.88, p < 0.017). However, there were no differences in the sleep variables between the eye-mask condition and the light-off condition. Conclusion: Subjective improvements in sleep variables were noted in sleep diaries of institutionalized psychiatric patients under either the 'eye-mask' or 'light-off' condition. However, there were no significant differences between the 'eye-mask' and 'light-off' conditions. Therefore, we suggest that psychiatric patients in correctional facilities use eye-masks when sleeping.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1980

The purpose of the present study is to find the light intensity which induces maximum gathering rate and to observe the variation of the gathering rate both in daytime and at night by using three species of commercial fishes: filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer (Temminck et Schlegel), conger eel, Astroconger myriaster (Brevoort) and crucian carp, Carassius oarassius (Linnaeus). An experimental tank $(360L\times50W\times55Hcm)$ was set up in a dark room. An illumination system was attached to one end of the tank to control horizontal, light intensity. Six artificial light sources were prepared by combination of two light bulbs (5W, 150W) and seven filters. During the experiment water depth was maintained 50 cm level in the tank. The tank was marked into six longitudinal sections each being 60 cm long to observe the distribution of fish. The fish were acclimatized in dark condition for 40 minutes prior to the main experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish .in each section was counted 40 times every 30 seconds, and the gathering rates were obtain from the average number of fish in each section. In filefish the light intensity inducing maximum gathering rate was 0.7 lx(0.5-1.1 lx), and there nab little difference between day and night. Gathering rate varied propotionally to the length of illumination time. In conger eel the light intensities inducing maximum gathering rate were 1.9 lx(1.2-2.9 lx) in daytime and 5.2 lx (3.2-7.7 lx) at night. Thus, there was a considerable difference between day and night, but the gathering rate remained almost unchanged regardless to the length of illumination time. In crucian carp gathering rate did not show a definite pattern hut fluctuated irregularly. The gathering rate, however, was slightly higher at 16.21 lx, and there was little difference between day and night.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.49
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• pp.39-63
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• 2016

After its decision of 'constitutional nonconformity' about a night assembly on September 24th, 2009, then the Korean Constitutional Court decided the 'limited violation of constitution' saying, 'Even a night demonstration should be allowed to be held up to the midnight' on March 27th, 20104. Since such a decision, the revision of Assembly and Demonstration Act has not been done, and the revised act is currently pending on the National Assembly on October, 2016. Amid the controversy about the 'Legislative Deficiency', some articles of the Assembly and Demonstration Act are revised and created like the imposition of the fine about a ghost assembly and the notice duty of fact to hold an assembly, the police superintendent's recommendation about the assembly place and partitioned assembly holding by time in order to protect the people's basic rights and convenience. However, this revised bill of Assembly & Demonstration Act limits the duty of assembly withdrawal report only to overlapping assemblies and a police superintendent can only recommend about the partition of assembly place and time, but has not a certain authority to forcibly enforce, so it is expected that the recommendation will be eventually ended to a formal procedure. And as this revised act has no punishment article concerning the violation of the notice duty within 1 hour before holding an assembly in this revised act, so there is a problem that the police can't force an assembly to follow the article. This study proposed some political suggestions concerning the articles to be supplemented and corrected in the Assembly & Demonstration Act after analyzing its articles around its 2016 revised Act. The Assembly & Demonstration Act has several problems to be continually corrected and supplemented further including the matter of 'Night Assembly & Demonstration' which is in the condition of 'Legislative Deficiency' since 2009.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1980

The purpose of the present study is to find the light intensity which induces maximum gathering rate and to observe the variation of the gathering rate both in' daytime and at night by using two species of commercial fishes: rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus(Temminet et Schlegel) and glass-puffer,\ulcorner Fugu.niphobles (Jordan \ulcorneret. Snyder). An experimental tank($360L{\times}50W{\times}55H cm$) was set up in a dark room. An illumination system was attached to one end of the tank to control horizontal light intensity. Six artificial light sources were prepared by combination of two light bulbs (5W, 150W) and seven filters. During the. experiment water depth was maintained 50 em level in the tank. The tank was marked into six longitudinal sections each, being 60 cm long to observe the distribution of fish. The fish were acclimatized in dark condition for 40 minutes prior to the main experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted40 times every 30 seconds, and the gathering rates were obtain from th~ average number of. fish' in each section. The light intensity inducing maximum gathering rate is as follows: rock bream: 162.0 lux (104,3--238, 1 lux) (day), 162.0 lux (104.3--238.1 lux) (night). grass puffer: 16.6 lux (10.6--24.5 lux) (day), 1. 9 lux (1. 2-2. 9 lUX) (night). Trend .of the gathering rate in illumination time revealed different results in two fish species. Gathering rate of rock bream showed the increasing trend fluctuately with the lapse of ' illumination time. However, that of grass puffer showed the increasing trend gradually at the early period of the illumination time and the uniform trend at the latter period with little distictive fluctuation.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.195-206
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• 2013

The main causes of traffic accidents while driving a car is of the driver's visual distraction. In this study, the color sensitivity of the information projected on the windshield were evaluated for HUD (Head Up Display) system which helps the driver's eyes on the road while driving. The driving Information were projected $9^{\circ}$ downward from front sight $0^{\circ}$ under lab's fluorescent lights, LED floorlights and the TV had having 25 [lux] illumination when driving at night environment and 100,000 [lux] of daylight environment. Munsell color hue of the basic five colors (R, Y, G, B, P) and the color of traffic lights YR, W were the color of the seven characters, each character were outlined by White, Gray except for W. Total of 19 experimental stimuli was shown in the environment of day and night driving for asking visibility information of color, fatigue, preferences, and evaluate the degree of interference. The results came out that the bright Y and G color is visibility significantly for daylight. Second, with the outline of the text, the color of the outline works as a background for luminance contrast effects and affects visibility. Third, without the outline, the glass in front of the vehicle acts as the background and the luminance contrast of characters achieve greater brightness and visibility. The luminance contrast between the stimuli and background should be considered for increasing color visibility for driving information which is an important factor for HUD commercialization.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

Environmental Redesign for Crime Prevention researchers are perceiving that raising the illuminance of the space by installing lighting for the dark space at night in the living environment will enhance the crime prevention effect. It is not realistic situation to see that simply increasing the illumination of the space will inhibit the occurrence of all crimes. In this study, it is analyzed that the measures to increase the illumination by installing lighting in the living space are used to implement the crime. It is necessary to revise the view that crime is suppressed by simply installing lighting and raising illumination. Especially Sex offenders use the space with high illumination to observe the object of crime. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a more intelligent situation recognition function in addition to simply raising the illumination.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.24-29
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• 2005

본 연구는 최근 서울시를 중심으로 진행되고 있는 도시 가로조명의 광원교체에 따른 조명환경 개선효과를 조사 분석하였다. 조사대상은 이미 기존의 나트륨램프를 고효율 메탈할라이드 램프로 교체한 서울시 종로구의 창경궁길로 선정하였다. 평가방법은 조사대상을 중심으로 야간의 교체 전, 후의 조명현황조사 및 물리량을 측정하였으며, 이를 토대로 개선효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 광원을 교체한 후 수평면 조도는 약 1.4배, 스칼라 조도는 약 1.3배 증가하였으며, 공간의 평균 휘도값은 $0.06cd/m^2$ 증가하였다. 색온도는 2,399[K]에서 3,632[K]로 증가하여 공간의 느낌이 따뜻한 느낌에서 차가운 느낌으로 변화되었는데, 이는 기존의 평온한 이미지에서 부드러운 이미지로 변화 된 것으로 분석된다. 색도는 주황색에 가까운 노란색에서 엷은 노란색을 띠는 백색으로 변화되었으며, 이는 램프의 연색성에 의하여 사물의 식별성에 대한 가시도가 증가한 것으로 분석된다. 또한, 에너지 절감형 친환경 메탈할라이드 램프의 교체에 의하여 앞으로 연간 에너지 절감효과도 클 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.371-383
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• 2011

It is important to secure illumination for the driver's safety because the tunnel is a space for changing brightness quickly, and lighting fixtures of the tunnel have consumed a lot of electric lighting energy for operating in both the daytime and at night. This study aims to evaluate daylighting performance of Mirror Reflector System for luminous environment improvement of tunnel space by using RADIANCE simulation program. The results of simulation show that illuminance of bar type is higher than illuminance of pole type at 20 m from the tunnel entrance.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.15-18
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• 2002

축열 공조방식 중 현재 가장 많이 보급되고 있는 방식은 빙축열 방식과 수축열 방식이다. 본래 축열식 공조는 열원 용량을 감소하고, 값싼 심야전력을 통해서 운전비용(running cost)의 절감을 목적으로 하지만, 열을 저장하기 위한 "축열조"가 필요하므로, 필연적으로 초기투자비(intial cost)의 증가를 동반하며, 기존의 건물에는 쉽게 적용할 수 없는 등의 문제점이 있다. 따라서 축열을 위한 초기비용을 증가시키지 않는 축열식 공조방식으로서 건축물 자체가 가지는 높은 열용량에 착안하여 구조체 축열에 관한 연구가 최근 활성화되고 있다. 구조체 축열은 건축물 그 자체를 축열 매체로 이용하기 때문에 별도의 축열조가 필요 없고, 구조체 로부터의 "복사"형태로 거주영역에 직접적으로 작용하여 실내의 온열환경을 향상시킬 수 있다. 이 때문에 2차측 공조기의 용량을 절감시킬 수 있고, 축열 부위에서의 열반송이 필요없는 등, 구조체 축열 시스템은 기존의 빙축열과 수축열 방식에서는 없는 여러가지 장점을 가지고 있다. 구조체 축열 공조시스템은 기존의 공조시스템 중에서 급기구 부위만을 변경하여 주간에서 종래의 공조시스템과 같이 실내로 공조 공기를 급기하고, 야간에는 급기구에 설치된 댐퍼를 조절하여 천정면으로 공조 공기를 급기함으로써 구조체에 열을 축열시키는 방안이다. 본 시스템은 기존의 설비시스템을 이용하여 건축물의 구조체를 축열, 공조개시전 및 주간의 부하를 대폭 줄임으로써 에너지를 절감시킬 수 있다는 장점을 갖는다. 따라서 구조체 축열 공조시스템은 "지구환경 유지.전력부하 평준화.안전성.에너지 절약.비용절감.쾌적성"의 모든 조건을 만족시키는 유력한 차세대 공조 방식이 될 것으로 판단되며, 본 보에서는 공기순환형 구조체 축열시스템을 소개하고자 한다.