• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.323-324
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.238-239
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.395-395
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.319-323
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• 2006

파형분석(PSA) 기능과 백그라운드 낮고 계측효율이 높은 장점을 가지고 있는 저준위 액체섬광계수기를 이용하여 지하수중의 $^{222}Rn$ 측정을 위한 최적 분석조건을 확립하였다. 라돈분석을 위해 섬광용액 HiSafe 3 12 ml를 사용하여 물시료 8 ml 내 $^{222}Rn$ 을 측정하였다. 라돈은 딸핵종과의 방사평형을 위해 3시간동안 방치한 후 계측하였다. 최적 파형분석 (PSA) 준위는 100 이었다. $^{222}Rn$의 계측효율은 $^{226}Ra$ 표준시료를 동일 조건으로 제조한 후 약 20일 이상 방치한 다음 측정하여 결정하였으며 측정효율은 약 $91.6{\pm}3.6%$ 이었다. 동일 시료의 라돈 추출실험 재현성은 2 % 이내이었다. 계측시간 10시간을 기준으로 바탕값은 0.035 cpm 이었고 300분 계측시 검출하한값은 0.11 Bq/L 이었다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.428-435
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• 1999

A method for measuring Rn-222 and Ra-226 in aqueous sample using liquid scintillation counting technique has been studied. The Rn-222 was extracted easily from the water sample (10 mL) by 12 mL of xylene based organic scintillant. After radioactive equilibrium between Rn-222 and its alpha emitting decay products for three hours, the alpha activity from Rn-222 and its decay products were measured in a scintillation vial using the Wallae $1220^{TM}$ Quantulus liquid scintillation counter. Ra-226 concentration in aqueous sample was determined, after isolation of Ra-226 from the sample matrix, by extraction the ingrowth of the Rn-222 and its alpha emitting decay products with xylene based organic scintillant. The optimum pulse-shape analysis (PSA) value was evaluated by the figure of merit (FM) criterion. Minimum detectable activity (MDA) is about 0.14 Bq/L (3.78 pCi) for the region of Rn-222 and its alpha emitting decay products and 0.06 Bq/L (1.63 pCi) for the region of Po-214 respectively, with 200 min, counting time at PSA level 100 in the low-diffusion polyethylene vial and xylene based cocktail solution. Experiment on the optimum sample-cocktail volume ratio, the influence of agitation and the diffusion of radon from vial were carried out.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.913-917
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• 2008

Since the difficulty of analysis at low concentration and the uncertainty of the removal mechanism for Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) have been reported, this study has detected extremely low concentration $^{14}$C-NDMA using the LSC(Liquid Scintillation Counter) and tested NDMA removal by Powdered Activated Carbon(PAC). The results showed the highest correlation over 99% when samples were measured with the mixture ratio of sample to scintillation liquid of 10 : 10 and at the detection time of 10 min. For $^{14}$C-NDMA removal by the PACs(S-A(Sigma-Aldrich co.) and Dj(Daejung co.)) raging from 50$\sim$10,000 mg/L, $^{14}$C-NDMA was removed over 90% by adsorption treatment. In addition, S-A showed twice greater adsorption capacity than that of Dj. However, the required PAC amount for $^{14}$C-NDMA removal was higher than that of other amine compounds.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.275-283
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• 1995

PERALS(Photon Electron Rejecting Alpha Liquid Scintillation) spectrometry coupled with solvent extraction method has been set up for the analysis of $^{222}Rn\;and\;^{226}Ra$ in the groundwater. This analytical method offers low background, better energy resolution and lower quenching problem than the other techniques. By the analysis of NIST SRM 4966 $^{226}Ra$ standard, the analytical accuracy and precision were found to be 3% and 1%, respectively, and the relative standard deviation of the recovery of Rn extraction between pH2 and pH10 was 7%. Detection limits of $^{222}Rn$ and $^{226}Ra$ for 10 hours counting were counted to be $0.42 pCi/{\iota}\;and\;0.016 pCi/{\iota}$, respectively. For the test analysis of $^{222}Rn\;and\;^{226}Ra$ in the graundwater, hot spring water samples of 17 regions were analyzed. The concentration of $^{222}Rn$ were in the range of $90{\sim}5200pCi/{\iota}$ and average value was $1470pCi/{\iota}\;^{226}Ra$ concentration showed a peak value of $97.9pCi/{\iota}$ in a Kangwon region, but the average value was $1.14pCi/{\iota}$ except that region.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

Optimal quenching curves have been studied for the accurate analysis of $^{14}C$ in groundwater polluted by reducing efficiency of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in liquid scintillation counter (LSC). The quenching parameters (SQP(E)) were measured for ten VOCs such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-(m-,p-)xylene, trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene(PCE), carbon tetrachloride and chloroform. The quenching curves were plotted using $^{14}C$ standard solution and chloroform as a quenching agent. Optimal plotting conditions were determined for standard solution, LSC measuring time and the concentration of chloroform. The quenching effects of chlorinated organic compounds such as TCE, PCE, carbon tetrachloride and chloroform were greater than those of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene). Optimum measuring time was 100 minutes far 7,000 dpm/mL standard solution. A few mL of chloroform should be added for good quenching curves. These quenching curves have good correlation coefficients (> 0.99) and the curves could be applied to accurate analysis of $^{14}C$ in groundwater and tap water.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2012

In this paper, we measured the variations of radon concentrations in groundwater using low-level Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC), an instrument for analyzing the alpha and beta radionuclides at its 10 sites around the Kumjung-Gu, north-western of Busan. Optimization of Pulse Shape Analyzer (PSA) to determinate the highest value of figure of merit (FM) was decided using Quantulus 1200 LSC with radium-226 source, the optimal PSA level was shown in the range of 100 to 110. The results show that the Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) of radon concentrations is 0.61 $Bq{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for 20 minutes in PSA level. We find that the average radon concentration in groundwater is high in granitic rock area and low in volcanic rock area. (Biotite granite : 191.39 $Bq{\cdot}L^{-1}$, Micro graphic granite : 141.88 $Bq{\cdot}L^{-1}$, Adamellite : 92.94 $Bq{\cdot}L^{-1}$, Andesite (volcanic) : 35.35 $Bq{\cdot}L^{-1}$). No significant seasonal variation pattern is observed from the long-term variation analysis from 10 selected sites. We have not seen the significant correlation of radon concentration to groundwater temperature, atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure and rainfall. The concentration variation is probably caused by more complex factors and processes.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2006

It is judged that there could be certainty in every process of analyzing environmental samples using Liquid Scintillation Counter. Therefore, this study focuses on quantitative evaluation on uncertainty in an effort to analyze comparatively accurately environmental samples. For this, after parameters which can have an effect on uncertainty was derived, the evaluation on each parameter was tamed out. The results of analysis of each parameter showed that the effect according to the weight difference of Teflon vial did not appear, and that standard deviations of SQP(E) averages reached saturation point at $75{\sim}90$ sec at the result of making increases step by step the irradiation time of External standard, and that values measured by repeat method produces good results compared with replicate. Also, conclusion was derived that analysis on sample after it is left in cold and dark room at least above 1,000 minutes have to be carried out, and the result of carrying out verification on results measured as well as equipment itself using radioactivity-error-analysis and chi-square test, resonable result was derived.