• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2011

If protective performance of apron cannot be good, radiation exposure of an guardian or a patient, a person engaged in radiation related industry cannot rise. Therefore, It will be evaluated protection performance to radiation protection aprons by manufacturers and lead equivalent more than 0.25mm lead equivalent. And, will show in the direction of application to clinic. The new aprons by manufacturers(H, X, I, J company) and lead equivalent(0.50mmPb, 0.35mmPb, 0.25mmPb) measured transmitted dose rate and shielding rate, uniformity under fluoroscopy and general radiography using to fluoroscopy system and digital radiography system, x-ray multifunction meter. The shielding rate measurement results, 0.5mmPb apron was Shielding rate of apron of a I company(fluoroscopy : 97.96%) was the best under six companies, and shielding rate of apron of a J company(fluoroscopy : 96.25%) was worst. 0.35mmPb Apron was Shielding rate of a I company(fluoroscopy : 96.79%) was the best under the three companies, and shielding rate of an H company(fluoroscopy : 95.81%) was the worst. 0.25mmPb Apron was Shielding rate of X company apron(fluoroscopy : 90.908%) was better than H company apron(fluoroscopy : 88.82%) than two companies. The uniformity measurement results, 0.5mmPb Aprons of X company(fluoroscopy : 0.13) and I company(fluoroscopy : 0.19) was the best under the six companies, and J company apron(fluoroscopy : 0.45) was the worst. 0.35mmPb. Along a manufacturer and lead equivalent performance of apron protection is distinguished certainly. Therefore, a patient, guardian or a person engaged in radiation related industry shall enforce experiment of a lot of ways defined or evaluation so that the maximum reduces radiation exposure. Buy the apron that protective performance is good, It will be performed through experiment and evaluation.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.453-460
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• 2017

This study proposes effective quality control and maintenance method by developing a new qualitative evaluation method of apron for medical radiation protection. As an experimental material, one of 0.45 mm lead and 100 of 0.45 mm Pb aprons were used and irradiated under the conditions of a tube voltage of 75 kVp and a tube current of 12.5 mAs to obtain an image. and using the Image J program, PSNR values were compared and analyzed. The results showed that there were 40 aprons (less than 11dB), 55 aprons (less than 11dB, less than 30dB), and 5 aprons (30dB or more). In addition, the dose showed a normal distribution for the apron, and 5 aprons with PSNR less than 11dB and 30dB or more were selected and divided into 8 zones, and these groups were statistically significant.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.501-507
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• 2016

This study is to figure out the amount of primary X-ray generated in SID 50cm, 1m, and 2m penetrating protective aprons in X-ray radiography for hands, skull, and lumbar spine. Results are as follows: Firstly, the exposure dose of primary X-ray which is low such as that of hand X-ray may be reduced by 270 times if protective aprons are worn, but it still slightly penetrates 0.3mm thick Pb protective aprons at SID 50cm, 1m, and 2m. Secondly, the exposure dose of primary X-ray which is moderate such as that of skull X-ray may be reduced by 22 times if protective aprons are worn, but it still fairly penetrates 0.3mm thick Pb protective aprons at SID 50cm, 1m, and 2m. Thirdly, the exposure dose of primary X-ray which is very high such as that of lumbar spine X-ray may be reduced by 13 times if protective aprons are worn, but it still penetrates a lot 0.3mm thick Pb protective aprons at SID 50cm, 1m, and 2m. Therefore, people in X-ray room should not only wear protective aprons at any spaces that the primary X-ray can reach, but also need to stand behind the thick Pb shield to protect the body if it is inevitable to stay in the room.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2017

Considering that the X-ray apron used in the department of radiology is also used in the department of nuclear medicine, the study aimed to analyze the shielding rate of the apron according to types of radioisotopes, thus ${\gamma}$ ray energy, to investigate the protective effects. The radioisotopes used in the experiment were the top 5 nuclides in usage statistics $^{99m}Tc$, $^{18}F$, $^{131}I$, $^{123}I$, and $^{201}Tl$, and the aprons were lead equivalent 0.35 mmPb aprons currently under use in the department of nuclear medicine. As a result of experiments, average shielding rates of aprons were $^{99m}Tc$ 31.59%, $^{201}Tl$ 68.42%, and $^{123}I$ 76.63%. When using an apron, the shielding rate of $^{131}I$ actually resulted in average dose rate increase of 33.72%, and $^{18}F$ showed an average shielding rate of -0.315%, showing there was almost no shielding effect. As a result, the radioisotopes with higher shielding rate of apron was in the descending order of $^{123}I$, $^{201}Tl$, $^{99m}Tc$, $^{18}F$, $^{131}I$. Currently, aprons used in the nuclear medicine laboratory are general X-ray aprons, and it is thought that it is not appropriate for nuclear medicine environment that utilizes ${\gamma}$ rays. Therefore, development of nuclear medicine exclusive aprons suitable for the characteristics of radioisotopes is required in consideration of effective radiation protection and work efficiency of radiation workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.889-896
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• 2023

Changes in the energy spectrum were analyzed using ^99mTc as a point source and a scattering phantom, and the shielding effect of the lead apron according to the changed gamma ray energy was evaluated. In the gamma ray energy spectrum of the scattering phantom, the photo peak area decreased and the compton scattering area increased compared to the point source. The coefficients for each energy range according to the change in the shape of the gamma ray source showed a reduction rate of up to 66.1 % at a distance of 20 cm compared to the coefficient of the point source, and in the compton scattering area, the coefficient of the scattering phantom was 122.2 % at a distance of up to 40 cm compared to the coefficient of the point source. In the difference in shielding rate according to the distance between the source and the scattering phantom using a gamma camera, the photo peak area showed similar results, but in the Compton scattering area, the shielding rate of the scattering phantom at a distance of 20 cm increased by 29.2 % compared to the shielding rate of the point source. As the distance increased, the difference in shielding rate decreased. In measuring the shielding rate of the lead apron using a radiation dosimeter, the difference in the shielding rate of the scattering phantom was up to 15.3 %, and as the distance increased, the difference in the shielding rate between the two sources decreased. The shielding rate of the lead apron of the scattering phantom is higher than that of the point source, and the effectiveness of the lead apron increases as the distance to the source increases. As a result, wearing a lead apron when directly confronting a patient who has injected radioactive pharmaceuticals is expected to be helpful in reducing radiation exposure.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.12 no.4 s.103
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• pp.11-17
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• 1991

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.159-171
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• 2018

The apron, which corresponds to an important clothing form, changed according to the taste, age, appearance and meaning of the wearer as well as from past to present. Decorative function and practical functions appear in the costumes of the East and West. Anak No. 3 tomb, Korea's 4th century Goguryeo tomb mural, was depicted in the form of a woman wearing a white apron and working in the kitchen, which is similar to that of a current kitchen, and the shape and purpose of the apron is similar to the present one. The characteristics of Korean aprons are summarized as western similarity, traditional reproducibility, and practical functionality. The U-shaped apron with the hem decoration of Goguryeo is similar to the apron of Crete with a rhombus pattern and hem decoration. Despite differences in time, it can be seen as traces of a cultural exchange across the East and the West. In addition, Korean skirts were decorated with wrinkles and a hem decoration based on rectangles. It is a reproduction of a traditional skirt and is different from a Western apron with a chest strap. In the Anak No. 3 tomb mural, women were wearing the first aprons that showed a practical functionality and not a decorative use.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.377-383
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• 2015

This study evaluates the convergence radiation protection performance by measuring the PSNR(peak signal-to-noise ratio) values of the image J in the image evaluation program based on increased relative to this exposure of radiation workers.The aim of this study was to evaluate radiation protection performance of apron for design of it's basic information. Method was used to PSNR of Image J program and good condition apron was more than 27dB, the PSNR value of poor condition apron appeared to be less than 24dB. The result is the normality were satisfied distribution and T-test values were statistically significant with p<0.001. Results of evaluation of the performance protective apron through the more easily accessible experimental conditions and methods in the clinical was confirmed distinctly different. in order to reduce the radiation exposure we need to evaluate convergence protection performance and to be having a good performance apron.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1161-1172
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• 2012

The recent trend in tourism souvenirs has shifted from traditional products to modern, practical, and budget oriented products. As a result, tourism souvenirs that meet the changing demands of consumers need to be studied and developed. Aprons are one of the most important accessories worn for housework, and are also an important part of uniforms worn at restaurants and hotels. As a result, aprons typify the characteristics of makgeolli - practical products that meet the needs of modern consumers. Therefore, the development of tourism souvenirs targeting tourists that seek Jeonju Makgeolli is expected to bring substantial social and economic benefits. The purpose of the study is to develop designs for aprons for promotional and tourism souvenirs for the Jeonju Makgeolli Research Center. The research has been conducted with a survey on design preferences of aprons, design proposals, production of actual aprons, and selection of the final design. The study is empirical in nature and realistic in scope since it is anticipated that the trial and manufacture of aprons will be commercialized as tourism souvenirs. It is expected that aprons, which can be produced at low cost, will meet the needs of recent consumers who prefer elegant, modern, and practical goods as compared to simple and bland folk crafts or traditional products. More studies and research on the development of designs of aprons as tourism souvenirs is expected to be conducted based on this study.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.373-377
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• 2019

Radiation exposure is on the rise as the working hours of radiation workers increase. Accordingly, the importance of protection products for decreasing the dose of exposure has risen, and excellent X-ray shielding ability and light weight are required. The purpose of this study is to compare the Pb which use currently and other elements in order to reduce the exposure of workers to the most effective protection products. For experiment, we used the general X-ray equipment and angiography equipment, and obtained the Pb and apron's shielding rate. When the shielding rate of Pb and apron was compared in general X-ray equipment, the shielding rate was 95.1% for Pb 0.5 mm, 96.1% for apron 0.5 mmPb and 95.6% for Bi+W 0.5 mmPb. When compared the shielding rate of each aprons in angiography equipment, 0.5 mmPb apron was the highest as 96.4% and Bi+W 0.25 mmPb apron was the lowest as 90.2% at the 50 cm distance. The shielding rate of 0.5 mmPb apron was the highest as 95.7% and Bi+W 0.25 mmPb apron was the lowest as 85.9% at the 100 cm distance. As a result of evaluating the apron efficiency through this study, 0.5 mmPb apron showed the best shielding rate, but it was the heaviest apron. 0.35 mmPb apron and Bi+W 0.25 mmPb apron weighed light but had low shielding rate. Through the results of this experiment, it is recommended that radiation workers reduce radiation exposure by using more efficient protection products.