• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.198-205
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify whether cutaneous sensory (CS) changes induced by mechanical intervention(MI) increases the trigger point threshold and muscle tone of the same spinal segment to neck disc patients. Thirty persons with Neck disc patients were recruited in this experiment. The subjects consisted of 10 men and 20 women. The mechanical stimulus group induced CS changes for 5 minutes using the Graston instrument and the control group received no action. The CS changes were estimated by using the Von Frey Filament, PPT changes were measured by using the pressure threshold meter and msucle tone changes were measured by using Myotone pro. CS threshold increased significantly when MI was applied (p<0.05). On the same spinal segment, increases in the right infraspinatus PPT and muscle tone was observed (p<0.05) and decreases in the right trapezius PPT was observed(p<0.05). However, the PPT and muscle tone changes in other muscles were not significantly different. Furthermore, the control group CS, PPT and muscle tone were not significantly different. As a result, CS changes induced by MI make to change PPT and muscle tone on the same spinal segment. Therefore, application of MI to the same spinal segment may be of clinical significance as a new rehabilitation method for increasing pain threshold, muscle tone and pain control in neck disc patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.704-707
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine if complex exercises could improve pressure-pain threshold and postural alignment in university students. Subjects in the CON group did not receive an intervention. Subjects in the EXP1 group were applied stretching exercises after applying hot packs on their both shoulders. Subjects in the EXP2 group were applied complex exercises including stretching, stabilization exercises of shoulder girdle and correction of wrong postures. Changes in pressure-pain threshold in the EXP1 group and EXP2 group were greater than that in the CON group (p<0.05). Changes in VAS scores in the EXP1 group and EXP2 group were greater than that in the CON group (p<0.05). Changes of postural alignment did not significantly differ among three groups (p>0.05). The results of this study indicates that complex exercises including stretching exercises, stabilization exercises of shoulder girdle and correction of wrong postures about neck and scapular can be an effective in reduction of shoulder pain and increase of pressure-pain threshold in women university with shoulder pain.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.79-87
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• 2019

This study examined how the application of silver spike point (SSP) and acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (A-TENS) on acupoints affects blood flow and pain threshold, using laser Doppler blood fluxes and the Commander algometer. Our study included 32 healthy men and women who were randomly divided into the SSP group (n=18) and the A-TENS group (n=14). The pain threshold and blood flow were measured at the Neiguan (PC6) of the Jueyin Pericardium Meridian of the hand. SSP was performed with a 2.8cm electrode at a fixed frequency of 3 Hz for 15 minutes. The change in blood flow and pain threshold after the intervention significantly differed between the two groups (p<0.05). We found that the application of SSP and A-TENS on an acupoint altered their blood flow and pressure pain threshold, with SSP resulting in significantly greater change than A-TENS. Based on these results, the convergence of acupoint and electrical stimulation therapy can be usefully applied as a method for various patients. Continued development of convergence interventions is necessary.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.461-468
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of upper cervical stabilization exercise on Temporomandibular Disorder(TMD) and pressure pain threshold. 36 subjects were divided into two groups: upper cervical stabilization exercise group(UCSEG) and control on three times a week for a total of four weeks. The upper cervical stabilization group showed more significant effect than the control group (p <.01, 95% CI: 8.074, 16.899). (p <.01, 95% CI: .826, 3.243). In the change of pressure pain threshold, the upper cervical stabilization group showed significant improvement in both the masticatory muscle(p <.01, 95% CI: .251, 1.382) and masticatory muscle(p <.01, 95% CI: .462, 1.826).The results of this study showed that the upper cervical stabilization exercise was effective that TMD. It will be able to provide more effective interventions for patients suffering from TMD, and to suggest new approaches for TMD patients.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1999

This study was designed to evaluate anxiety & depression symptoms and pressure pain threshold in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder(n=23) and to find out the relationship between the affective symptoms and the pressure pain threshold scores. And this was compared with healthy control subjects(n=18). The scores of pressure pain threshold were checked with algometer. The results were as follows : PTSD patients showed higher scores of anxiety & depression symptoms than that of the control group. In contrast with our hypothesis, pressure pain threshold in PTSD patients presented statistically significant higher scores than that of the control group. These results may be derived from following factors. First, chronic depression has influenced the pain perception of patients with PTSD rather than anxiety symptoms, second, abnormal state of the opiate system in PTSD patients, third, the sick role of the PTSD patients, fourth, the socio-environmental factor of the PTSD patients. In conclusion, affective symptoms, especially depression, were related to the chronic pain in patients with PTSD, however, the causality of elevated pressure pain threshold was uncertain in this study. To understand more clearly the relation between affective symptoms and chronic pain, it will be necessary to control the other specific factors.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2021

Purpose: At acupoint pressure, the pressing direction of all acupoints is usually vertical. However, it is not clear whether the vertical direction is toward the belly button or the body's center in the BL52. In this study, the effective direction of acupressure was studied by measuring the pressure pain threshold according to the direction of acupressure in 30 subjects. Methods: The distance from the subject's GV4 to the left and right BL52 and the distance from GV4 to the navel were measured, and then using the ellipse where the left and right BL52 of GV4 pass through the navel, the angles of the navel direction and the body's center were calculated in the left and right BL52. The pressure at the time when the subjects felt pain while pressing the BL52 in two directions was used as the acupressure pain threshold. The pain threshold was measured 3 times at 3 minute intervals on the left and right BL52s of the subject. Results: The acupressure pain threshold measured in the left and right BL52 of the subjects was significantly decreased when pressed toward the trunk center (p < .05). In BL52, it was more sensitive to pressure when the direction of pressure is toward the body's center. Conclusions: Acupressure therapy of acupoint is more sensitive to external stimuli than the surrounding. In this study, acupressure directed toward the trunk center is more efficient than toward the belly button in BL52.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 1994

The authors investigated the relationship between the response to the external stimulation and ability of verbal behavior in the patients with somatoform disorder who have pain. The subjects consisted of 34 patients(male 10, female 24) and 37 normal controls(male 19, female 18). Pressure pain thesholds were measured by algometer and alexithymia was assessed by Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS). Somatization Scale of SCL-90R and Parental Bonding Instrument were also used. It was shown that 82.4% of the patients had chronic somatic complaints. The mean values of TAS, degree of somatic symptoms and pressure pain thresholds were significantly higher in the patient group than in the normal controls. 44.1% of the patients was considered alexithymia group and there was no correlation between scores of alexithymia and value of pressure pain thresholds. In conclusion, the patients with somatoform disorder who had pain were dull in pain perception to external physical stimulation. This result suggested that their low perception of pain could be closely related with chronicity of illness. And the Poverty of verbal expression of inner emotion was suggested to be one of the factors affecting somatization and difficulty in psychotherapy.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 1997

저자들은 악관절내장증의 증상과 징후의 객관적 평가법을 개발하기 위하여 서울대학교치과 병원 구강진단과 악안면동통진료실을 내원한 환자중 좌우 양 관절중 한 관절 이상의 관절에 악관절내장이 있는 남자 8명(평균연령 19.9$\pm$2.9세), 여자 34명(평균연령:32.8$\pm$11.8세) 총 42명(84개 관절)에 대하여 VAS 및 압통역치 측정, 악관절조영술, 골신티그래피 검사 및 악관절 활액의 분석을 시행하였다. 악관절 동통의 심도는 VAS로 측정을 하였으며 PPT는 electronic algometer로 평가를 하였다. 악관절조영사진을 얻기 직전 활액을 채취하였으며 그 성분중 Hyaluronic acid, 총단백질, IgG, IgM과 albumin을 분석하여 그 상관관계를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 악관절 내장증으로 내원한 환자 42명, 총 84개 관절중, 무통성이고 관절잡음이 없는 경우가 7개 관절, 무통성이고 단순관절음만 존재하는 경우가 18개 관절, 동통 및 단순관절음이 존재하는 경우가 18개 관절, 간헐적인 폐구 과두걸림이 있는 경우가 11개 관절, 급성 폐구성 과두걸림의 경우가 11개 관절, 만성 폐구성 과두걸림의 경우가 3개 관절, 퇴행성 관절질환이 존재하는 경우가 16개 관절이었다. 2. 연구대상중 18명의 환자, 총 36개 관절에 대한 골 신티그래피 검사 결과, 활동성으로 나타난 경우가 33개 관절이었고 이중 23개 관절이 동통성이었으며, 활동 상태 관절의 VAS 항목과 압통역치 항목 및 여러 검사 항목들은 비활동 상태 관절의 항목과 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 3. 악관절내장의 진행정도에 따른 악관절부위의 동통의 측정에 있어서는 압통역치의 측정보다는 VAS에 의한 방법이 더 유용하며 특히, 후방부의 촉진시에 유의한 정보를 얻을 수 있었다. 4. 악관절 내장즈으이 진행 단계에 따라, VAS항목과 압통역치 항목을 비교해 본 결고, 주기적인 과두걸림(II) 단계에서 가장 높은 VAS 수치와 가장 낮은 압통역치를 나타내었으며 상방 촉진시 VAS 항목에서 주기적인 과두걸림(II) 단계와 증상 및 징후가 없는(0) 단계 사이와 후방 촉진시 VAS 항목에서 주기적인 과두걸림(II) 단계 및 퇴행성 관절 질환(V) 단계와 증상 및 징후가 없는(0) 단계 사이에서만 유의성을 나타내었다. 5. 활액내 총단백질량, albumin 량, IgG 및 IgM 농도는 악과？ㄹ 내장증의 진행에 따라 유의성을 나타내지는 않았으나 퇴행성 관절 질환(V) 단계에서 증가되는 양상을 나타내었다. 6. 활액내 hyaluronic acid의 농도는 악관절 내장증의 진행에 따라 유의성을 나타내지는 않았으나 만성 폐구성 과두걸림(IV) 단계에서 감소되는 양상을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2013

This study performed a proprioception improvement training for recurrence prevention of industrial workers with chronic lateral epicondylitis and analysed their pain and proprioception. The subjects of the study were thirty chronic lateral epicondylitis patients working for K company and were divided into elbow exercise program Group made of 15 subjects and proprioception improvement training Group made of 15. As variables for pain, pressure pain, and grip strength were measured and for the propioception, joint position sense of each group was measured before and after the exercise program. To compare differences before and after the program, a paired t-test was used and to compare differences between both groups, an independent samples t-test was used. As a result of the test, it was discovered that pressure pain, grip strength and joint position sense of the both groups were improved statistically significantly. These were statistically differential effect between each group on pressure pain, grip strength and joint position sense. In conclusion, it is suggested that proprioception improvement training should be considered as a method chronic and recurrence prevention lateral epicondylitis of industrial workers.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 상부 승모근의 근막통증(myofascial pain syndrome; MPS)를 대상으로 이완상태에서 근 활성도를 측정해보고, 통증을 감소시키는 데 주로 이용되는 경피신경자극 치료 후 근 활성도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 근막 통증으로 진단을 받은 총 10명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 주관적 시각 척도(visual analogue scale; VAS)와 압통 역치 측정계(pressure threshold meter)를 이용하여 경피신경자극 전, 후 통증의 정도를 평가하였고, 표면 근전도를 이용하여 이완시 근 활성도를 측정하였다. 치료 기구는 경피신경자극기(TENS: HAT-2000)를 이용하였다. 치료 전과 비교하여 VAS는 통증이 심한 쪽과 약한 쪽 모두에서 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<.05), 압통 역치는 통증이 심한 쪽과 약한 쪽 모두에서 유의한 차이가 없었고(p>.05), 근 활성도는 통증이 심한 쪽에서 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05).