• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.67-73
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• 2007

In recent years hydrogen peroxide has become considerably more attractive as a green rocket propellant so a laboratory model of hydrogen peroxide thruster adopted silver catalyst and a test facility has been developed to research a hydrogen peroxide propulsion. The design scheme of thruster and the test data are presented including ignition delay, efficiency of characteristic exhaust velocity. As a result, 95% of efficiency of characteristic exhaust velocity was obtained at steady state operation condition.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2003

옥천변성대의 변성진화사를 밝히기 위한 많은 연구의 결과, 중온-중압형의 최고변성조건(약 490-63$0^{\circ}C$, 4.2-9.4 kbar)과 함께 시계방향의 압력-온도-시간 경로가 알려졌다. 이는 드러스트 나페에 의해 옥천변성대의 지각 두께가 증가했으리라는 제안과 일치한다. 하지만 변성작용에 관련된 조산운동을 규명하는데는 여러 가지 어려움이 남아 있다. 특히 변성시기에 대한 논란은 오랫동안 거듭되어 왔으며, 최근의 연구 결과는 옥천변성대의 최고변성작용 시기를 석탄기와 페름기의 경계 부근인 약 300-280 Ma로 규정짓는다. 또한 소위 황강리층의 화강암질 역에서 구한 SHRIMP U-Pb 저어콘 연대도 오차범위가 크긴 하지만, 석탄기의 열 사건을 지지한다. 이상의 연구결과는 지체구조적으로 중요한 의미를 지니며, 특히 옥천변성대와 태백산분지가 서로 다른 진화 과정을 경험한 별개의 지구조구임을 시사한다. 두 지구조구의 봉합은 약 250-220 Ma 사이에 이루어졌으리라 추정되지만, 보다 자세한 해석을 위해서 신뢰할만한 연대 자료의 축적이 필요하다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 이러한 결과들은 옥천대의 진화과정에 대한 기존의 생각과 일부 배치되며, 새로운 지체구조적 파라다임을 요구한다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.296-309
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• 1999

Autopolymerized resin facilitates a more rapid and easier means for the construction of removable orthodontic appliances than heat cured resin. But many reports reveal that more unreacted monomer is found in autopolymerized resin. It is very important to achieve maximum degree of polymerization because if polymerization is inadequate, high level of unreacted monomer has been shown to adversely affect mechanical and physical properties, and also the question of allergy or toxicity to methylmethacrylate must be considered. The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of polymerization according to curing method and curing time. Five groups were desinged ; Group 1 was polymerizied at room temperature($28^{\circ}C$) ; Group 2 in $28^{\circ}C$ water ; Group 3 in $28^{\circ}C$ water under 30psi pressure ; Group 4 in $43^{\circ}C$ water ; Group 5 in $43^{\circ}C$ water under 30psi pressure for 10 minutes, 1 hour 12 hours, 1 day and 3 days. The degree of polymerization was measured by means of Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The results were as follows: 1. The degree of polymerization increased constantly in accordance with curing time in all groups and after curing for 10 minutes, Group 1 showed significantly higher degree of polymerization after 12 hours and Group 2, Group 3, Group 4, Group 5 after 1 hour(p<0.05). 2. The degree of polymerization decreased in the order of Group 5, Group 4, Group 3, Group 2, Group 1 except when the curing time was 1 hour and 12 hours(p<0.05). 3. The degree of polymerization of Group 4, Group 5 cured at $43^{\circ}C$ showed significantly higher degree of polymerization than Group 2, Group 3 at $28^{\circ}C$ except when the curing time was 1 day(p<0.05). 4. Among Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4, Group 5, the pressure had no effect on polymerization except when the curing time was 12 hours(p<0.05). 5. Between Group 1 and Group 2, the method of storage had no effect on polymerization except when the curing time was 1 hour(p<0.05).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2005

Porous polypropylene membranes were prepared by a thermally induced phase separation method in super-critical $CO_2$, where polypropylene and Camphene were used as raw materials. The porosity of polypropylene membranes with 10 wt% polypropylene concentration was 78, 80, 73% by using methanol, ethanol, and n-buthanol as an analytical solvent, respectively. The tensile strength increased with an increasing polypropylene concentration, where it was $0.17kg_f/mm^2$ at 10 wt% polypropylene concentration. The extraction rate for Camphene increased with time and Camphene was removed 94% in 5 min. It increased with an increasing temperature and was 99% at $45^{\circ}C$, however, decreased with an increasing temperature at higher than $45^{\circ}C$. The extraction rate increased with an increasing pressue up to 150 bar, however, decreased slightly with an increasing pressure over 150 bar. The extraction rate had a relation with the solubility of Camphene in supercritical $CO_2$.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

This study investigated the oxidative stability of oils when dough was fried under a lower pressure than the ambient atmosphere. The pressure during the frying process was controlled at measures of 760, 560, 360 or 160 mmHg. The oil containing the dough was heated at $180^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. Rancidity values, including acid value, peroxide value, fatty acid analysis, color changes, and browning of oil samples, were measured every 8 hours. As the frying process continued at all 4 pressure levels, the acid values (AV) increased. However, compared to the other pressure levels, the increase in AV was the least at 160 mmHg. In addition, the peroxide value at 160 mmHg was only 0.81 meq/kg compared to 1.52 meq/kg at 760 mmHg. For all pressure levels, stearic acid, oleic acid, ${\omega}$-6 linolenic acid were increased, while linoleic acid and ${\omega}$-3 linolenic acid were decreased. In terms of color, a-values representing redness were decreased, whereas b-values were increased as the frying proceeded. These results revealed that the oxidation of frying oil was decreased under reduced pressure condition. Thus, the usage of frying oil may be extended, owing to less oxidative concerns. This leads to a lower cost to the manufacturer, and furthermore, helps the environment by reducing industrial wastes.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.477-486
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• 2008

Acrylic resin is widely used in dental practice. However, the residual monomer in acrylic resin could act as a negative biocompatability on human body. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of the monomer elution from polymerized orthodontic acrylic resin. Orthodontic acrylic resin was used in the study. The curing condition of the resin was controlled by temperature, pressure, aquatic and atmospheric environment. The duration and amount of monomer elution and timedependent plot was recorded by high performance liquid chromatography. The result showed that the only monomer eluted from the resin was methyl methacrylic acid. And the amount of the monomer elution has diminished considerably by time progress especially within 24 hours. Furthermore, elution of the residual monomer was significantly lower in group of pressure, moisture and elevated temperature than control (p<.05). According to this study, it was thought that the elution of residual monomer might be influenced by curing environment.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.241-246
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• 2019

In this study, we have examined the possibility to improve the material properties and biocompatibility of the 630 stainless steel for the application of medical instruments. The evaluation of mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the 630 stainless steel were studied by aging, nitriding, SEM measurement, Vicker's hardness, tensile strength and MTT cytotoxicity using IGF cells, respectively. The results showed that the tensile strength and Vicker's hardness of 630 stainless steel was increased with aging and ion nitriding time. The cytotoxicities of the 630 stainless decreased compared with the 420 stainless on MTT cytotoxicity using IGF cells. Ion nitriding of 630 stainless led to an enhanced application of medical instruments and biocompatibility performance.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.235-240
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• 2003

The development of large area GaN substrates is one of important issues in expanding of GaN-based applications. In order to investigate the possibility, GaN thick films were grown by a sublimation technique, using MOCVD-GaN films grown on a sapphire as a seed-crystal substrate and a commercial GaN powder as a source material. The pressure in chamber under the fixed flow rate of $N_2$ gas and $NH_3$ gas was kept at 1 atmosphere and the effects of the various processing parameters such as the distance between source material and seed crystal, the temperature of top- and bottom heater and the growth time during the growth of GaN thick film were investigated. The growth feature and microstructure of the GaN thick films were observed by SEM and XRD. The optical bandgap properties and the defects were evaluated by the PL measurement. By these results, the growth conditions such as the distance between the GaN source and the seed substrate, the growth temperature and the growth time were determined for the satisfied growth of GaN thick films.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.635-643
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the quality of cooked rice prepared by-an electric pressure cooker (EPC) and an electric cooker (EC) during storage at different temperatures. Four rice cultivars were used (Ilpoom, Saechucheong, Sindongjin, and Sura). The cooked rice samples were stored at room and warm temperatures for 48 hr, and at refrigerator temperatures for 10 days. Immediately after cooking, the moisture content of the EPC rice was lower than that of the EC rice; yet pH was higher for the EPC rice. The L-value of the EPC rice was reduced due to an increasing b-value. The overall acceptability of the EPC rice was high; in particular, it scored high for a roasted nutty flavor and texture. During storage, moisture content and pH decreased regardless of the cooking method. L-, a- and b-values were similar at room and refrigerator temperatures over the entire period, whereas the a-value (greenness) of the EC rice stored at warm temperature slightly decreased and the b-value (yellowness) increased after 24 hr, resulting in a decreasing L- value. Also, sensory characteristics were not significantly different for the samples stored at room temperature for 48 hr; however, at warm and refrigerator temperatures, the sensory characteristics were significantly different after 24 hr and 3 days, respectively. In conclusion, the quality of the cooked rice was effectively preserved during storage at room temperature, and qualify deterioration oaf dependent on using warming equipment as well as the rice cultivar.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2000

충격파를 포함하는 초음속 유동을 해석하는 수치해법 중에서 많이 사용되어진 것은 엄밀 및 근사 리만 해법과 플럭스 분할 기법들로서 이들은 Euler 방정식에 기반을 두고 선형 또는 비선형파의 상호작용을 풍상 차분법으로 기술하는 방법들이다. 이러한 수치기법들은 과거 광범위하게 사용되어 왔으나 최근 여러 가지 단점이 발견되었다. 이와 같은 문제점을 극복하고자 입자의 통계적인 운동을 기술하는 기체 운동론에 근거하여 BGK 수치기법이 제시되었다. 이는 비충돌 볼츠만 방정식으로부터 입자의 수준에서 플럭스 분할 기법 형태의 풍상차분법을 구현하는 것으로 볼츠만 방정식의 충돌항을 BGK 모델로 대치하고 이것의 적분해로부터 수치 플럭스를 구한다. 이 수치기법은 기존의 리만해법에 비하여 수치적으로나 물리적으로 매우 타당한 성질인 강건성, 정확성, 엔트로피 조건, 양수보존성 등을 가지고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이와 같은 수치기법을 사용하여 로켓 노즐 내의 아음속, 천이음속, 초음속에서의 유동장 해석을 위한 프로그램을 작성하였다. 시간 적분에 대하여는 정상 상태의 계산을 위하여 내재적 시간 적분 방법을 사용하였으며, 공간 이산화 방법으로는 임의의 제어체적에 대하여 적분형 보존 방정식을 적용하는 유한 체적법을 사용하였다. 초음속 입구 유동과 출구에서 초음속과 저음속 유동의 두가지 경우를 고려하여 얻은 결과를 기존의 연구 결과와 비교하여 본 결과 잘 일치하였다. 입구 유동이 저음속이고 출구 유동이 초음속인 경우에 대하여도 해석결과가 실험결과와 잘 일치하였다. 상대적으로 낮은 온도, 압력 조건과 높은 온도, 압력 조건을 가지는 고체 로켓 모터 노즐 내의 유동을 해석하였다. 이들 해석 결과를 전압, 전온도로 표준화시킨 결과 서로 일치하였으며, 파라서 저온, 저압에서 얻은 결과도 표준화시킬 경우, 고온, 고압에서도 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.의 영향에 초점을 맞추었다.다고 판단되며 배기 가스 자체에 대기 공기중에 함유되어 있던 습기가 얼어붙는(Icing화) 문제가 발생하기 때문에 배기가스의 Icing을 방지하기 위하여 압축기 끝단에서 공기를 추출하여 배기부분에 송출할 필요성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 출구가스의 기체 유동속도가 매우 빠르므로 (100-l10m.sec) 이를 완화하기 위한 디퓨저의 설계가 요구된다고 판단된다. 또 연소기 후방에 물을 주입하는 경우 열교환기 및 기타 부분품에 발생할 수 있는 부식 및 열교환 효율 저하도 간과할 수 없는 문제로 파악되었다. 이러한 기술적 문제가 적절히 해결되는 경우 비활성 가스 제너레이터는 민수용으로는 대형 빌딩, 산림, 유조선 등의 화재에 매우 적절히 사용되어 질 수 있을 뿐 아니라 군사적으로도 군사작전 중 및 공군 기지의 화재 그리고 지하벙커에 설치되어 있는 고급 첨단 군사 장비 등의 화재 뿐 아니라 대간첩작전 등에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.가 작으며, 본 연소관에 충전된 RDX/AP계 추진제의 경우 추진제의 습기투과에 의한 추진제 물성 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.의 향상으로, 음성개선에 효과적이라고 사료되었으며, 이 방법이 편측 성대마비 환자의 효과적인 음성개선의 치료방법의 하나로 응용될 수 있으리라 생각된다..7%), 혈액투석, 식도부분절제술 및 위루술·위회장문합술을 시행한 경우가 각 1례(2.9%)씩이었다. 13) 심각한 합병증은 9례(26.5%)에서 보였는데 그중 식도협착증이 6례(17.6%), 급성신부전증 1례(2.9%), 종격동기흉과 폐염이 병발한 경우와 폐염이 각 1례(2.9%)였다. 14) 식도경 시행회수는 1회가 17례(54.8%), 2회가 9례(29.0%), 3회 이상이 5례(16.1%)였다.EX>$IC_{50}$/ 값이 210 $\mu\textrm{g}$<