• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2003

The fracture processes under static tensile loading were simulated using a proposed numerical simulation method, based on finite element method and fracture mechanism, and analyzed to verify an influence of rock inhomogeneity on static tensile strength. Static tensile strengths for the specimen models with different spatial microscopic tensile strength when m=5 and m=50 were estimated. These analyses revealed that the static tensile strength becomes closer to the mean microscopic tensile strength at a higher uniformity coefficient and the scatter of the strength data decreases in increasing the uniformity coefficients. Therefore, it could be concluded that rock inhomogeneity has an effect on static tensile strength.

• Proceedings of the Petrological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.67-69
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• 2006

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.542-557
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• 2019

The behavior of rock mass is influenced by its microscopic feature of internal structure generating from forming and metamorphic process. This study investigated a new methodology for characterization of rock based on the X-ray CT (computed tomography) images reflecting the spatial distribution characteristics of internal constituent materials. The X-ray image based analysis is capable of quantification of heterogeneity and anisotropy of rock fabric, size distribution and shape parameter analysis of rock mineral grains, fluid flow simulation based on pore geometry image and roughness evaluation of unexposed joint surface which are hardly acquired by conventional rock testing methods.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.180-186
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• 2003

The fracture processes under dynamic loading in tension were simulated using a proposed numerical approach and analyzed to determine dynamic tensile strength. The dynamic tensile strength and the scatter of the strength data decreased with increasing uniformity coefficients. The differences of static and dynamic tensile strength were due to the stress concentrations and redistribution mechanisms in the rock specimen. Although there were different mechanisms for the static and dynamic fracture processes, the static and dynamic tensile strengths were close to the mean microscopic tensile strength at high values of the uniformity coefficient. This paper shows that the rock inhomogeneity has an effect on dynamic tensile strength and is a factor that contributes to the different specimen strengths under dynamic and static loading conditions.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.444-454
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• 2003

Rock fragmentation technique by cutter penetration has widely been used in the mechanical tunnel excavation. Microcracks propagate and interact because of locally concentrated high stress induced by cutter penetration. which is caused by heterogeneity of rocks. In this study Weibull distribution function and degradation index are used to consider the strength heterogeneity of a rock and the degradation of rock properties after failure. Through the numerical analyses, it is shown that the lateral pressure has an important influence on the rock fragmentation. In the single cutter penetration, large chips are formed as lateral pressure increase. The cutter spacing is also an important factor that affects the rock fragmentation in the double cutter penetration. The fragmentation efficiency of the double cutter penetration is better when cutter spacing is 70 mm than 40 mm and 100 mm. From the results, it is expected that this study can be applied to a TBM tunnel design by understanding of chipping process and mechanism of rock due to cutter penetration.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.16
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• pp.277-284
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• 1996

암석의 파괴인성계수는 암석이 갖는 불균질성 및 비등방성에 의하여 시험조건에 따른 측정자료의 분산이 심하다. 즉, 시험편의 형태나 크기에 따른 변화가 심하여 기존의 선형탄성 파괴역학 이론의 적용에 문제점이 있는 것으로 지적되고 있다. 이러한 자료의 분산을 최소화하기 위한 방법의 하나로 균열감응도를 적용한 해석을 제시하고 있다. 균열감응도란 파괴역학 실험 당시 시험편에 가해진 인공 균열의 감응도를 말하며 이는 3점 하중에 의한 파괴가 균열의 성장에 의한 파괴인지, 혹은 단순히 인장파괴에 의한 것인지를 판명함으로써 측정자료의 선택을 명확하게 하기 위한 방법의 하나로 적용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.16
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• pp.267-275
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• 1996

금속과 같은 균질한 재료의 균열파괴의 특성을 설명하기 위하여 도입된 파괴역학의 이론들은 1960년대 이후 콘크리트나 암석 등에 대하여 적용되기 시작하였다. 파괴인성계수(fracture toughness)는 균열의 성장에 대한 재료의 저항을 나타낸다. 그러나, 암석의 파괴역학적 특성은 암석이 갖는 불균질성이나 비등방성에 의하여 영향을 받는다. 즉, 암석의 파괴역학적 특성의 측정은 시험편의 크기나 초기균열의 길이, 시험편의 형상 등에 의하여 측정자료의 분산이 심하며 따라서 다른 기본 물성들의 경우에서와 마찬가지로 일정한 시험기준의 도입이 요구되었다. 1988년에 국제암반공학회(ISRM)에서 제시한 표준시험방법은 시험편의 제작이나 시험방법에 있어서 복잡한 과정을 요구하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 표준시험방법에서 사용되는 시험편의 형태에 비하여 비교적 간단한 시험방법들에 의하여 얻어진 파괴적인성계수들을 서로 비교하여 제시하고 시험편의 크기와 기타 시험조건에 따른 파괴인성계수 측정치의 변화를 나타내고 있다. 또한, 암석에 포함되어있는 자연균열들의 특성과 파괴역학실험 중 유발되는 인공균열들의 형태를 비교하여 실험실에서 얻은 파괴역학적 계수들의 현장적용에 대한 문제점들을 지적하고 있다.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.142-168
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• 2000

The granites distributed in the Kyongsang basin contain the rocks which are different from the host rocks, and they are known as magic microgranular enclaves. The genesis of the magic micro-granular enclaves can be divided into four types: (1) rock fragments from country rocks; (2) cumulation of the early crystals in host magma or disruption of early chilled borders; (3) magma mingling; and (4) restite. These enclaves can be easily found in the granites around Mt. Wonhyo, Yangsan city. They are ellipsoidal in shape, and have phenocrysts might be originated from the host rocks and sharp contacts with the granites. Under the microscope, textures such as oscillation zoning, horn-blende-mantled quartz, rapakivi texture, and acicular apatite are observed, and these indicate that the enclaves were originated from magma and then produced by chilling. The evidences showing that the enclaves were formed by magma mingling are: (1) petrographical characteristics; (2) similarity of the compositions between the rim of plagioclase in the enclave and plagioclase in the granite; (3) linear trends of the major elements; (4) total REE content of the enclaves; and (5) Textural and compositional variations from rim to core in zoned enclaves. The magic end member of the enclave is regarded as the aphyric basaltic andesite in Mt. Sinbul-Youngchui area. The granites around Mt. Wonhyo experienced the magma mingling process which was produced by the injection of mafic magma at about 70 Ma, during the crystal differentiation, and then continued the crystallization. The equigranular granites and the micrographic granites in the study area are considered as the results after the magma mingling process.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.333-342
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• 2017

In this study, the heterogeneity of internal structure of various igneous rocks acquired in Korea was quantified and correlated with the seismic velocity and the point load strength. Three-dimensional X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) was used to obtain information on the internal structure of the rock specimen, and the representative unit length (LR) was calculated by applying a statistical technique to the CT images. We also proposed an estimation equation to predict the mechanical properties of rocks from the relationship between LR, acoustic velocity and point load strength. In the proposed method, it is shown that the characterization of internal structure of rocks could be utilized as an indirect index to account for the mechanical behavior of rocks by substituting physical laboratory testing for non-destructive test.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.273-281
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• 2022

Mantle heterogeneity is closely related to the distribution and circulation of volatile components in the Earth's interior, and the behavior of volatiles in the mantle strongly influences the rheological properties of silicate rocks. In mantle xenoliths, these physicochemical properties of the upper mantle can be recorded in the form of microstructures and fluid inclusions. In this paper, I summarized and reviewed the results of previous studies related to the characteristics of microstructures and fluid inclusions from peridotite xenoliths beneath the Rio Grande Rift (RGR) in order to understand the evolution and heterogeneity of upper mantle. In the RGR, the mantle peridotites are mainly reported in the rift axis (EB: Elephant Butte, KB: Kilbourne Hole) and rift flank (AD: Adam's Diggings) regions. In the case of the former (EB and KB peridotites), the type-A lattice preferred orientation (LPO), formed under low-stress and low-water content, was reported. In the case of the latter (AD peridotites), the type-C LPO, formed under low-stress and high-water content, was reported. In particular, in the case of AD peridotites, at least two fluid infiltration events, such as early (type-1: CO₂-N₂) and late (type-2: CO₂-H₂O), have been recorded in orthopyroxene. The upper mantle heterogeneity recorded by these microstructures and fluid inclusions is considered to be due to the interaction between the North American plate and the Farallon plate.