• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

OPRC-HNS Protocol places the responsibility for having on-board a pollution incident emergency plan, notifying other States the incident facts in case of being affected by that incident, development of national contingency plan, international co-operation in pollution response, research and development, technical co-operation, promotion of bilateral and multilateral co-operation in preparedness and response, providing of information service, promotion of education and training, providing of technical services and technical assistance, etc. on parties to pursue their goals. After joining OPRC-HNS protocol, the government is required to inspect current status of matters related to HNS for its relevance on any laws. Additional items including establishment of component organization playing a role of managing response institution, manpower and resources, purchase response resource, development of response technique, and those also to enforce education and training to promote the party's duty. The facts described above drive up to analyze the benefits and burdens of relevant industry which appears in those procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2017

In Korea, playgrounds have been developed quantitatively and qualitatively. However, there is a lack of interest in the play needs of children with disabilities. With this in mind, this study is concerned about the planning and design process of the inclusive playground constructed in 2016 at Seoul Children's Grand Park. The case study covered the Kkumtle Kkumtle playground in Seoul Children's Grand Park and was completed in December 2015. This playground is the first case of an inclusive playground ever built in Korea. The concept of the inclusive playground established in this study is: (1) a playground where not only children with disabilities but both children with disabilities and children without disabilities can play together; (2) a playground for both children with disabilities accompanied by their families and children without disabilities accompanied by family members with disabilities; (3) a playground that ensures universal accessibility to the entire space including play facilities; and (4) a playground where the most essential functions of a playground-fun, curiosity, and adventure-are centered on various activities. In conclusion, we presented limitations and opinions for improvements to design and policy proposals for social expansion of inclusive playgrounds. There are three ways to overcome limitations in design. First, there is a need for an in-depth study of play characteristics by type of disabilities of children. Second, it is necessary to develop facilities suitable for the actual situation of Korea through various social experiments. Third, if the inclusive playground centered on facilities is presented in this study, then several types of integrated playgrounds should be implemented in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.407-416
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• 2019

This study is about a Customized Nursery School where working women can support work - life balance and a reduction in retirement or turnover. The research method is to identify the current status of Customized Nursery services and to recognize the recognition and need of the operation of Customized Nursery School. The importance of securing skilled nurses and preventing them from changing their jobs for the health and safety of people cannot be emphasized enough. A Customized Nursery School must be opened to reduce the retirement or change of jobs of working women nurses and to provide care for continuous work in three shifts from 365days to support the balance between the working mother and family. It is considered that nurses will put their children in relief when using retired nurses who have the ability to work 24hour rotation in a Customized Nursery School and when a Customized Nursery School be ran suited for the condition and demand of working women nurses, it is expected to reduce retirement and the change of jobs, also to give positive effect on marrige and family planning which would make improvement in low birthrate. To activate the Customized Nursery School, Creating a secure learning environment and qualification of educators great effort should be put. A program curriculum based on 'basic life and habits' should be the center of education. Continuous management and effort will need to be placed in continuous development of educators.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to diagnose the problems of an elementary school care classroom in terms of facilities and physical environment and to suggest an improvement plan for building safer and more pleasant facilities and environment in further proceeding the policies of a whole-day care classroom. To this end, we analyzed the main contents of the domestic policies for elementary school care classes and the related spatial standards amongst the management plans of provincial education offices nationwide. In addition, we analyzed the relevant care facility standards of advanced countries such as the U.S., Australia, and Singapore and diagnosed the physical environmental level of Korean care classes in comparison to the international standards. Afterwards, we conducted a case study of elementary school care classes in order to examine the key issues with the environment of care classes, the causes of these issues and the user recognition and demand. The key results of this research are as follows. First, it is necessary to elaborate and refine the guidelines on elementary school care classrooms. Second, in order to provide high-quality elementary care services, it is important to have a combined classroom that can be operated at the level equivalent to or similar to a dedicated care classroom. Third, it is necessary to regularly check the facilities and environment of the elementary school care classroom.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2022

Recently, water resources and energy policies such as integrated water management and carbon neutrality are changing rapidly. There is an opinion that the value of hydropower reservoirs related to these policies should be re-evaluated. In the past, they have contributed to flood control in addition to electricity generation, such as operating at a limited water level during the flood season, but loss of power generation is inevitable with this operation. Therefore, this study introduced the concept of resilience to the hydropower generation system to minimize the power loss. A framework for evaluating the power generation performance of them was presented by defining the maximization of electricity sales as performance. Based on the current procedure of multiple operation plan, a scenario was established and simulation was performed using HEC-5. As a result of applying to the framework, it was confirmed that the power generation performance according to each scenario was evaluated as an important factor. And it was confirmed that the performance of flood control and water use could also be evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.469-476
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• 2021

The framework plan for the development of an integrated underground space map was established of preventing ground subsidence. The mapping process is expected to be completed to the level of nationwide municipal government standards by end of this year. To facilitate the utilization of the integrated underground space map, paper-based drawings for specialized organizations in underground safety impact assessment have been provided since September 2018, and services for local government officials have been provided in the underground information utilization system since May 2019. However, the map is utilized based on the information at the time of the initial development of the map, without any updates, thereby resulting in a lack of accuracy and latest information. This has led to a decrease in the utilization and reliability of the information. Therefore, in this study, for the underground structures(subway, underground shopping mall, underground passage, underground roadway, underground parking lot, utility tunnel), which are the key components of the integrated underground space map, a standard format for the submission of completed drawings is designed in accordance with Article 42 (2) of the Special Act on Underground Safety Management, which aims at laying the foundation for establishing the updated system of the integrated underground space map. In addition, through the verification of the automatically updated underground structure data based on the standard format, the reliability of the data can be assured. This format is expected to contribute to the improved utilization of the integrated underground space map in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.101-113
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• 2022

This study is planned with the aim of developing a systematic construction process based on the scientific and engineering theory of the water-sealing grouting construction applied to the tunnel excavation process during the construction of the downtown underground traffic network, so that the construction quality of the relatively backward domestic tunnel water-sealing grouting construction is improved and continuously maintained no matter who constructs it. The main contents of the improved tunnel water-sealing grouting can be largely examined in the classification of tunnel water-sealing grouting application and the definition of grouting materials, the correlation analysis of groundwater pressure conditions with groundwater inflow, the study of the characteristic factors of bedrock, and the element technologies and injection management techniques required for grouting construction. Looking at the trends in global research, research in the field of theoretical-based science and engineering grouting is actively progressing in Nordic countries (Sweden, Finland, Norway, etc.), Japan, Germany, and the United States. Therefore, in this study, the algorithm is established through theoretical analysis of the elements of tunnel water-sealing grouting construction techniques to provide an integrated solution including a construction process that can effectively construct tunnel water-sealing grouting construction.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.103-118
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• 2017

It is expected that the integrated control service of the public sector will be increased for the safety of citizens in the future. Therefore, In this study, we analyzed the classification of CCTV control center and the characteristics of interior design. The survey was conducted at eight control centers in Seoul that were constructed since 2007 and analyzed according to the criteria of general matters, services, spatial basic information, spatial structure, and internal structure. The results of the survey are summarized as follows. Based on the results of the study, the Integrated Control Center is a space where the ratio of the physical environment is not high but performs important tasks for the citizens of the city, which are operated 24 hours a day, and security and security. It is characterized by the efficient space allocation for the treatment, the design of the moving line, and the connection according to the urgent work flow. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for other integrated control center environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.964-970
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• 2023

As part of the International Maritime Organization ef orts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the maritime industry is exploring low-carbon fuels such as liquefied natural gas and methanol, as well as zero-carbon fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia, evaluating them as environmentally friendly alternatives. Particularly, ammonia has substantial operational experience as cargo on transport ships, and ammonia ship engines are expected to be available in the second half of 2024, making it relatively accessible for commercial use. However, overcoming the toxicity challenges associated with using ammonia as a fuel is imperative. Detection is possible at levels as low as 5 ppm through olfactory senses, and exposure to concentrations exceeding 300 ppm for more than 30 min can result in irreparable harm. Using the KORA program provided by the Chemical Safety Agency, an assessment of the potential risks arising from leaks during ammonia bunkering was conducted. A 1-min leak could lead to a 5 ppm impact within a radius of approximately 7.5 km, affecting key areas in Busan, a major city. Furthermore, the potentially lethal concentration of 300 ppm could have severe consequences in densely populated areas and schools near the bunkering site. Therefore, given the absence of regulations related to ammonia bunkering, the potential for widespread toxicity from even minor leaks highlights the requirement for the development of legislation. Establishing an integrated system involving local governments, fire departments, and environmental agencies is crucial for addressing the potential impacts and ensuring the safety of ammonia bunkering operations.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.83-97
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• 2023

The growth of the live commerce market allows you to conveniently and simply start live commerce anytime, anywhere with a smartphone. The use of smartphone services provides continuous communication and is used while feeling psychological attachment, and it leads to psychological attachment, self-consistency with consumers themselves, and self-identity. This study focuses on the motives and perceptions of consumers using live commerce. In other words, we will examine the relationship with service attachment through the moderating effect of self-efficacy and control focus tendency as consumers' personal and psychological characteristics. In other words, the tendency of regulatory focus, which determines the direction of behavior of consumers according to their motives and goals, affects the service attachment of live commerce. We believe that self-efficacy, which is personal confidence and belief that you can plan and execute on your own for the desired outcome in a given situation or task, will control this relationship. As a result of this research, consumers who highly perceive prevention focus were more likely to avoid negative consequences and pursue safety and obligations. Their attachment to live commerce services was stronger, offsetting their confidence and self-efficacy. When using live commerce services, the more they perceive that information acquisition is beneficial, the higher their belief, and self-efficacy, so service attachment, which is an emotional experience as well as a cognitive experience, is strongly formed for consumers with a preventive focus to avoid safety-seeking and negative consequences. Through the present research results, we believe that it will be helpful in operating strategies and management for companies and small business owners who want to understand the psychological behavior of consumers in using live commerce services.